[Edit this paragraph] Talk about Qian’s life
His ancestral home is Bianliang (now Kaifeng), and he is said to be from Zaolin, Haining, Zhejiang. He traveled south with the Song Dynasty and settled in Zaolin Village in the southwest of Yanguan. After the river collapsed, he moved to the west of Majing Port in Maqiao (today's Maqiao, Haining). Our distant ancestors lived when the country was broken, and they themselves also lived in this historical background. The historians of the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. His original name was Yixun, his courtesy name was Zhongmu, his nickname was Shefu, and he was a native of Maqiao. Ming Zhusheng. After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, it was renamed Qian, with the courtesy name Rumu and the nickname Guanruo. Changing his name to "Qian" expresses his feelings about history and his own situation. Of course, it may also mean pursuing the great historian Sima Qian. There is a contemporary foreigner who studies Chinese history named "Shi Jingqian" in Han Dynasty. (Jonathan D. Spencer, Historian of Yale University). He was studious and studious since childhood, and his family was poor. He relied on copywriting, ghostwriting or writing (secretary) to make ends meet. He has never been an official in his life, so he relies on copying, ghostwriting or writing for others (secretary) to support his life. In my current words, he is a person who is truly dedicated to academics, self-taught, and then writes history privately. Regardless of remuneration or fame, although he lived a poor life, he was a historian who lived with integrity, integrity, and a sense of mission and responsibility.
In the first year of Hongguang's reign in the Southern Ming Dynasty (1645), he served as the record room of the cabinet minister Gao Hongtu, who made suggestions and tried to restore it. He was highly appreciated by Gao Hongtu, Zhang Shenyan and others. Later, he was proposed to be the secretary of Zhongshu and the secretary of the Ministry of Rites. He felt that "the current situation is changing day by day, and there are deficiencies and achievements." He refused to give up and retreated home to live in seclusion.
Tan Qian is a well-versed reader of many books, a good scholar of various schools of thought, and a careful study of history, especially the allusions of the Ming Dynasty. He was determined to compile an accurate and credible history of the Ming Dynasty. Starting from the age of 27 in the first year of Tianqi (1621), it took more than 20 years and "six drafts were compiled into one hundred volumes" to complete this chronological history of the Ming Dynasty. The book has 5 million words and is named "Guoyan". The manuscript was stolen in the fourth year of Shunzhi (1647) of the Qing Dynasty. He was 53 years old at the time. He rewrote it angrily and completed the new manuscript after four years of hard work. In the 10th year of Shunzhi, he went north with the manuscript and visited the ministers, royal family, eunuchs and princes' retainers in Beijing to collect anecdotes about the Ming Dynasty, and inspected the historical relics on the spot to supplement and revise them. After the book was completed, it was signed "Jiangzuo Survivors" to express the pain of the country's subjugation. In the fourteenth year, he went to Pingyang, Shanxi (today's Linfen) to pay homage to his late master Zhang Shenyan, and died of illness there. Tan moved to Bianliang (now Kaifeng), his ancestral home, and moved south with the Song Dynasty family. He settled the theater in Zaolin Village, southwest of Yanguan. After the river collapsed, he moved to the west of Maqiao Majing Port. His other works include Zaolin Collection, Zaolin Poetry Collection, Zaolin Miscellany, Journey to the North, Journey to the West, Historical Theory, Haichang Foreign Records, etc.
In the first year of Tianqi (1621), Tan Qian was 28 years old. His mother died. He mourned at home. He read a lot of Ming Dynasty history books and felt that there were many mistakes and omissions, so he decided to write a true story. The wishes of the Ming Dynasty are credible and consistent with the historical facts of the Ming Dynasty. In the next twenty-six years, he carried his luggage and walked hundreds of miles. I searched everywhere for books, borrowed copies, was hungry for pears and thirsty for dates, read household records in the market, and searched for information. Finally, it took five years to complete the first draft. Afterwards, it was revised and revised one after another, and after twenty-six years of unremitting efforts, six drafts were revised, and the masterpiece "Guoyan" in 100 volumes and 5 million words was compiled. Unexpectedly, two years later, in August of the fourth year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1647), the manuscript was stolen by a thief. He was filled with grief and worked hard to rewrite it. After four years of hard work, the new manuscript was finally completed. In the 10th year of Shunzhi (1653), at the age of 60, he traveled to Beijing with his second draft. He stayed in Beijing for two and a half years, visited the Ming Dynasty's ministers and old friends, collected the Ming Dynasty's legacy, documents and relevant historical facts, and conducted on-the-spot historical investigations. Relics, supplemented and revised. After the book was completed, it was signed "Jiangzuo Survivors" to express the pain of the country's subjugation, so that this painstaking masterpiece could be completed.
This thief can be called the most hateful thief in Chinese history! The thief just stole some gold and silver treasures, but the poor family did not give the thief any joy, so he stole Tan Qian's manuscript as a way of venting his anger. This is the hard work of a "historian" for twenty-six years. This thief deserves to die! If I have the historical right to judge, I will catch this thief and let him repay Tan Qian's "hard work". This is priceless hard work! We can completely understand Tan Qian's pain after his manuscript was stolen. For a 53-year-old man who spent his whole life in poverty and spent all his time completing the manuscript, this blow is undoubtedly huge! Tan Qian sighed like this: "Oh, my strength is exhausted!" The literati's perseverance came into play at this time, and Tan Qian quickly emerged from the sinking, saying: "I still have my hands, I would rather be gone!"
How unfair fate is to this old man! Alas!
The "steal" of this thief is not as good as that of the great thief who roams the world. That thief is despicable! What a despicable thief! In the 14th year of Shunzhi, shortly before Tan Qian's death, at the invitation of his friend Shen Zhongjia, he and his friend Qian Daqiu went to Pingyang, Shanxi. Passing by Liaocheng, Shandong, they encountered two robbers armed with knives. Tan Qian said calmly: "We are all scholars, and the box is full of broken books. Where did the money come from?" Upon seeing this, the robber clasped his fists and said he was "alarmed" and left.
It can be seen that these two robbers are much cuter than the despicable thief!
"Guoyan" is based on "Shilu of the Ming Dynasty". It refers to the history books of various families, conducts textual research and makes supplements. It draws on a wide range of materials and selects carefully. It is an important work for studying the history of the Ming Dynasty. The book contained a lot of derogatory remarks about the Manchus and could not be circulated at the time. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhang Zongxiang, a local resident, began to compile and edit the book into 108 volumes, which was published by Zhonghua Book Company in 1958.
[Edit this paragraph] "Manuscript of Qing History" Biography of Tan Qian
Tan Qian, whose courtesy name was Rumu, whose original name was Yixun, was from Haining. In the beginning, we were born. Nandu was established. He was recommended by Zhongshu and summoned to the history museum. They all resigned and said: "How can I get an official position because of the country's misfortune?" After a while, he returned home. Qiansi Li's classics are the classics of hundreds of schools of thought, and he pays special attention to the allusions of the Ming Dynasty. He tasted and said: "History is based on actual records. The actual records can be seen on the outside, but what is on the inside is no longer visible. In addition, Yang Wenzhen was untrue in the matter of eradication; in the prosperity of Tailing, Jiao Biyang has many ugliness and righteousness; the gods , Xi Zhizai and the author are all against the deceased. As for the seventeen years of Siling, Taishi fled the famine, the emperor was in flames, the country was destroyed, and the history was also destroyed. The whole world is heartbroken, nothing more than this! "The actual records of the fifteenth dynasty have been eliminated to clarify the right and wrong. Visiting Chongzhen
In the 17th year of his reign, he filled in the missing articles and wrote a book called Guoqian. At that time, the person's body is in chaos and he wants to trace the causes and causes to reveal the future life, but his knowledge and experience are narrow and have no basis for it.
I heard that Qian had this book and wanted to steal it for myself. When the house was poor and there was no one of whom he wanted, some thieves broke into his house at night and hid all the people in his house. Qian sighed and said, "I still have my hand. Would you rather Sui Sui?" He borrowed books from the Qian family in Jiashan and completed it. Zhang Shen of Yangcheng said that he was a strange person, so he broke the knot and went down. Shenyan died, moved north to Changping, cried and thought about the mausoleum, and wanted to go to Yangcheng again and cried for Shenyan.
He died before he arrived, in the winter of November of the twelfth year of Shunzhi. Huang Zongxi is his tomb.
[Edit this paragraph] Selected Poems of Tan Qian
Crossing the River
The waves on the big river are limited to the southeast, and I felt ashamed to lower the sail that day. Hitting the sky is a sign of generosity, but surrendering to the enemy is a sign of peace.
After the catastrophe of dragon and sky, the lonely pagoda is left, and the scholar Haiyue bids farewell to the old nunnery. I heard that the Buddha and the raccoons were stationed on the horse. Is it because the delicious food contains yellow tangerines?
Guangling
The old story of the Southern Dynasties is like a Wucheng, and the motherland is scattered all over. The shadows of the willows disappear as the chariot goes to the end of the world, and the Yanghua River turns into duckweeds.
The mountains in the distance are still covered with fresh green flowers, and the cold fireflies can still be seen on the broken bank. Today, Guangling is thinking about the past. Ten years ago, it was also called Taiping.
[Edit this paragraph] "Guoyan"
A chronicle history book that records important historical facts of the Ming Dynasty. Talk about relocation. Tan Qian specializes in history. In view of the fact that the actual records of the Ming Dynasty have been arbitrated by historians, written in twists and turns, and there are many taboos and inaccuracies. Moreover, the chronicles of various chronicles are often fake and redundant. letter. It was first compiled in the first year of Tianqi (1621), and the draft was revised six times, and the first draft was completed in six years. In the fourth year of Shunzhi (1647), the entire manuscript was stolen, and he worked hard to rewrite it. It took more than thirty years to compile the book "Guoyan". The book narrates the history of the 317 years from the birth of Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang in September of the first year of the Tianli calendar of Yuan Wenzong (1328) to the Qing troops entering Nanjing in May of the second year of Shunzhi and the demise of King Fu's regime. The book dares to write directly about some important historical facts of the Ming Dynasty that "Ming Shilu" avoids talking about; some important events are often listed side by side with personal and expert comments. The historical facts should be carefully researched and reviewed, and the materials should have considerable reliability or reference value. The history of more than seventy years after Wanli, as well as the records of the development of the Jurchens in Jianzhou and the relationship between Jin and Tongming in the later Jin Dynasty, are especially rare in other books. The historical facts of the 17th year of the Chongzhen Dynasty, compiled based on Di Bao, local chronicles and oral materials from officials and survivors, also have important historical value. However, some of the narratives in the book are too brief, and some events are repeatedly described before and after, with different explanations. In addition, superstitious ideas such as the feudal orthodox historical view, Confucian theory of destiny, Buddhism and Taoism are also strongly reflected in the book. The original manuscript of "Guoyan" was said to be one hundred volumes, and only the manuscripts were handed down after Tan Qian's death. Later, Zhang Zongxiang of Haining, Zhejiang, based on the manuscripts of Jiang's Yanfen Caotang and Siming's Lu family's Baojinglou manuscripts, and the ten volumes of Chongzhen's dynasty were compared with each other. Supplemented and punctuated, it is divided into one hundred and four volumes, and the first volume is divided into four volumes, ending in one hundred and eight volumes. It was published in six volumes by Ancient Books Publishing House in 1958.