The dynasty before the Xia Dynasty was the Yu Dynasty. The so-called Yu Dynasty here refers to the Yu family and Yu Shun recorded in history books, and refers to Emperor Shun Yao Chonghua. Yao Chonghua's nickname is Yu clan, a tribe in the clan commune. Why is it called "Chonghua"? Legend has it that Shun's eyes had double pupils, so they were called "Chonghua". The word "Hua" may mean the Chinese clan of the Huaxia clan. According to an article by Yuncheng scholar Wang Xueqiao in "Yuncheng Daily" a few years ago, the word "Huaxia" can be traced back to "Xia" in Xia County and "Hua" in Huagu, Hejin. These two places are the birthplaces of the Chinese nation in China. Comrade Wang Shumin's paper believes that in ancient Chinese history, the world generally called the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties.
Some ancient books refer to the Yu, Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties. Before the Xia Dynasty, the only political deeds that were clearly praised were the abdication of Yao, Shun, and Yu, and it was said that Shun reigned for 50 years. In the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, each of them passed hundreds of years, and more than 10 people were named emperors.
As a dynasty, the Yu family seems to be very reluctant. However, "Han Feizi? Xian Xue" says that "Yu and Xia were more than two thousand years old." According to this statement, the Yu family was by no means only one generation and fifty years old. Current history books say that "the Xia Dynasty ruled for more than 400 years." Last year, I saw the latest research results of historians on CCTV, which determined that the Xia Dynasty was 471 years old. Accordingly, the Yu Dynasty was more than 1520 years ago. Comrade Wang Shumin's research on "Guoyu", "Zuo Zhuan", "Historical Records", "Five Emperors' Virtues", "Emperor's Surnames" and other works can be listed as having 15 names in the Yu family lineage, which means that there are 15 names in the Yu Dynasty. Emperors (Mu, Qiongchan, Jingkang, Jumang, Chongqiaoniu, Gushen, Shun, Shangjun, Yusi, Jibo, Zhigan, Yusui, Boxi, Yulanfu, Hu Gongman, etc.). Since the surname of the Yu family can be determined, it is not difficult to draw a correct conclusion about its historical status.
China has a cultural history of five thousand years, but there are not that many written records. From the Shang Dynasty to the present, it is about four thousand years. The five thousand years mentioned here refer to the written records. The records are calculated from the birth of Emperor Yan and Emperor Huang. It can also be said that Emperor Yan and Emperor Huang were also people of the Xia Dynasty, and they were also the founding emperors. The oracle bone inscriptions appeared about four thousand years ago, but the characters carved on the stone walls that archaeologists have verified are at least two thousand years earlier than the oracle bone inscriptions. Two thousand plus four thousand, that is to say, in six thousand years. China already had writing before, but the Xia Dynasty has only been around for five thousand years, so what kind of dynasty is there for more than a thousand years?
The Yu family is an ancient country in ancient times. , was also an independent dynasty name before Xia. The dynasty before Xia was Yu, and people in the Spring and Autumn Period still spoke of it with certainty. Unfortunately, the documents were lost after the Spring and Autumn Period, and a large number of historical materials about the Yu Dynasty were lost. Most of the legends about the history of Yu described in the documents after the Warring States Period have been processed and transformed by various scholars, and their credibility has been greatly reduced. After the rise of the modern trend of forgery identification, scholars of the ancient history identification school simply wrote off the Yu Dynasty from the written history, and attributed the ancient history before the Xia to the "era of myths and legends".
The current popular history textbooks in universities and middle schools regard the establishment of the Xia Dynasty as the beginning of Chinese class society. This not only expanded the influence of the Yu Fei Dynasty theory unprecedentedly, but also contributed to the Yu Fei dynasty theory and the Yu primitive society theory. of unity. As a result, when we discuss the beginning of Chinese class society, we have to go back and re-verify the arguments of Yu Fei's dynasty theory.
"Xia, Shang and Zhou" and "Yu, Xia and Shang" are two different "three generations" concepts. The most obvious example is the words of Shi Mo as evidenced in "Zuo Zhuan? The Thirty-Two Years of Zhaogong": "The state of the country is not permanent, and the monarch and his ministers are not permanent. This has been the case since ancient times... The surnames of the three empresses are now common people, and the Lord knows it." . 'Queen' is also a king, and the emperor is also a 'concubine', which is a different surname for the emperor. 'Today he is a concubine' means that the three empresses were all honored as emperors before the Zhou Dynasty and their surnames were direct descendants, but today they have already followed the emperor. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the surname Ji was still a direct surname. The three empresses who are "concubines today" were not the three dynasties of Yu, Xia and Shang. Among the "three empresses", the second dynasty of Xia and Shang were all independent dynasties. Why must the Yu Dynasty be an exception? Not only that, because the Yu Dynasty was no different from the Xia and Shang dynasties, after the founding of the Western Zhou Dynasty, its descendants were given preferential treatment. Ke" ("Zuo Zhuan? The 25th Year of Duke Xiang").
Chen, Song, and Qi were collectively called "Three Kes" and were treated as guests by the Zhou people. They were the three of Yu, Xia, and Shang The historical status of the king is confirmed, and it can be seen that the concept of the three generations of Yu, Xia, and Shang had been formed as early as the early Western Zhou Dynasty. If not, why did the Zhou people not exclude Chen from it according to the later Confucian saying that the Zhou Dynasty "respected no more than two generations of virtuous people." And only Bei Qi and Song Erke? Why not add the Queen of the Yellow Emperor who was granted the title of Zhu and the Empress of Yao who was granted the title of Ji and collectively call them "Five Kes"?
The Gyeonggi Province was recently excavated in Liangzhu It is a large-scale ancient city, and its age is older than that of the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties. Our ancestors have long recorded: "Book of Zhou" and above are "Books of Shang", "Books of Shang" and above are "Books of Xia", and "Books of Xia" Liangzhu was the capital of the Yu Dynasty! Moreover, the scope of the Liangzhu culture at that time was not to mention that the small country and few people now discovered the Liangzhu culture in Zhejiang
Jiangsu and Anhui. Jiangxi also covers an area of ??more than 300,000 kilometers.