The content of The Book of Rites for Little Dai is mainly to record and discuss the etiquette system and etiquette of the Han nationality in the pre-Qin period, explain the etiquette, record the questions and answers between Confucius and his disciples, and record the principle of self-cultivation. In fact, this 90,000-word book has a wide range of contents and diverse categories, involving politics, law, morality, philosophy, history, sacrifice, literature and art, daily life, calendar, geography and many other aspects. It is almost all-encompassing and embodies the political, philosophical and ethical thoughts of Confucianism in the pre-Qin period. It is an important material for studying the pre-Qin society.
The Book of Rites for Little Dai is written in narrative form, and some chapters have considerable literary value. The Book of Rites, together with Yili and Zhou Li, is called the "Three Rites", which has had a far-reaching impact on China culture, and people of all ages have been looking for ideological resources from it. Therefore, there are many books that annotate the Book of Rites in past dynasties, and contemporary scholars have also made some new research results in this regard. The original text selected in this paper is based on Annotations to Thirteen Classics edited by Ruan Yuan in Qing Dynasty. The annotation and translation refer to various influential research results extensively, and strive to be accurate, concise and easy to understand. The selected chapters are named by the author (the original text only has titles, and each original text is longer). In principle, the first sentence of the selected text is used as the title, and the notes only indicate that they are selected from an article.
The Book of Rites was written by many people and collected all kinds of ancient books. Its content is extremely complicated and its arrangement is also very chaotic. Later generations used the method of classification to study it. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zheng Xuan divided 49 articles into eight categories: general introduction, system, sacrifice, funeral and auspicious. Liang Qichao in modern times is divided into five categories: one is the general theory of etiquette and scholarship, including Li Yun, Jing Jie, Yue Ji, Xue Ji, University, Doctrine of the Mean, Confucianism, Ji Fang, Biao Ji and Yi Yi. Explain "Yili" 17, including, faint Yi, rural drinking Yi, shooting Yi, hiring Yi, mourning and so on. There are three stories about Confucius' words and deeds or his disciples' timely chores, namely, Confucius' idle residence, Confucius' smoking utensils, Tan Gong and Wen. Four kinds of ancient institutional ceremonies were recorded and verified, including Quli, Yuzao, Wei, Yi, Jiao, Si system, Si law, Chuan, Si and Si. Fifthly, there are proverbs and famous sentences in Quli, Shao Yi and Entering the Bank. The classification and division of beams have certain reference value for us. Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty selected Daxue, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius, and called them "Four Books" as the basic reading materials of Confucianism. Poetry, calligraphy, ceremony, the Book of Changes and the Spring and Autumn Period are the Five Classics. Zhou Li, Yi Li and Li Ji are collectively called the Three Rites. Zhou Li, also known as Zhou Guan, talks about the official system and the political system. "Ceremony" describes the etiquette system of crown, marriage, funeral, sacrifice, hometown, shooting, courtship and employment. The Book of Rites for Little Dai is a collection of Confucian works about various etiquette systems before Qin and Han Dynasties, which not only describes etiquette systems, but also discusses etiquette theory, ethics and academic thoughts. Here is only a brief explanation of some questions in the book Yili.
The number of articles in "Yili" and the annotation of thirteen classics in the author's book "Yili" are seventeen articles, the contents are as follows:
The first Jinshi stupa ceremony, the second Jinshi Hui ceremony, the third township drinking ceremony, the fourth township shooting ceremony, the fifth ceremony, the sixth ceremony, the seventh ceremony, the seventh ceremony, the eighth ceremony, the ninth ceremony, the tenth funeral ceremony, the eleventh ceremony, the twelfth ceremony, the thirteenth ceremony, the fourteenth ceremony, the fourteenth ceremony, the ninth ceremony. According to documents, during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, 56 ancient rituals were found in the wall of the Confucius Temple, among which 17 was the same as the 17 ritual handed down by Confucian classics in the early Han Dynasty, but there were 39 more. Article 39 of the Book of Rites has been lost for a long time, and scholars call it "Yi Li".
This raises a question: are the seventeen "righteousness and benefits" remnants? Accordingly, one view holds that Seventeen Articles of Rites is an incomplete book. Another view, on the contrary, holds that Seventeen Pieces of Rites is not an incomplete copy, but a complete work. Shao, A Qing, made a detailed discussion on this in The Book of Rites. Book of rites Faint righteousness "said:" The husband ceremony begins with the crown, based on faintness, and is more important than mourning, respecting the position of the DPRK, in the hometown. This ceremony is also general.
Looking at Article 17 of the Book of Rites, the eight contents mentioned in Loyalty as "the general meaning of ceremony" are all intact. In addition, there are many articles directly explaining the Book of Rites. The Book of Rites includes Guan Yi and Shi Guanli. There is "Faint Righteousness" to explain "giving a faint ceremony"; There is a "mourning" to explain "mourning for scholars"; There are sacrificial rites, sacrificial rites system, special suburban sacrifices, juvenile prison support ceremony and hairspring car. There is an explanation of "rural drinking ceremony" in "rural drinking righteousness"; There is "Shooting Righteousness" to explain "shooting ceremony to the countryside" and "shooting ceremony"; There is "Yan Yi" to explain "Yan Li"; There is an explanation of "dowry" in the meaning of employment; There is "History of Korea" ("Li Ji of the Great Generation") to explain "Li Jing"; There are four systems to explain mourning in Mourning, none of which can be found in Seventeen Rites. It can be seen that the book "Yili" should be said to be a book with relatively complete system and content. Shao believes that "the ceremony is three hundred, and the Quli is three thousand" (The Book of Rites. Rites "), the ancient ceremony, more than 17, also more than" Hanshu ". The Confucian classic "Literature and Art and Li Ji" is the work of Confucius' students and Confucian scholars during the Warring States Period. Dade, a scholar in the Han Dynasty, simplified 130 articles collected by Liu Xiang at the beginning of the Han Dynasty, and got 85 articles, which were called Dade Li Ji. Later, his nephew Dai Sheng simplified and deleted Dai Dai Li Ji and got 46 articles. Together with Yue Ling, Tang Mingwei and Yue Ji, it was a ***49 articles. The Book of Rites was scattered in most periods of Sui and Tang Dynasties, with only 39 articles left. The Book of Rites of Dai Xiao became the prevailing book of rites today.
When Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, Duke Lu was good at governing the palace and ruined Confucius' House. Fifty-seven ancient gifts were found in the bad wall, of which 17 were the same as the gifts. Mourning and throwing pots are found in other 40 articles, which are recorded in the Book of Rites and circulated, while the rest are rarely seen by the world because of the hidden secret halls, and then dispersed. Zhu Zhu has Zhu Zi's Family Rites, and he thinks that "the Book of Rites is only an explanation of the Book of Rites". Ruan Yuan said in his book "Dongguan Chen Hou": "When Zhu people reached middle age, they were reasonable and practical. In his later years, he was polite and especially resistant to difficulties. If he really understands the truth, he will be very polite. Therefore, those who rule the world in ancient and modern times are rituals, and all five virtues are rituals ... and such as Yin Shangbai, Zhou Shangchi and He Li. If those who live in Zhou are still white, if they are indecent, then people should not fight, and those who are unreasonable should not fight. Therefore, reason must be accompanied by courtesy. If you argue, you can talk about this evil. "
The Book of Rites for Little Dai is written in prose, and some chapters are of literary value. Some use short and vivid stories to illustrate a certain truth, some are magnificent and precise in structure, some are concise, some are good at psychological description and characterization, and there are a lot of philosophical aphorisms in the book, which are incisive and profound.
The Book of Rites for Little Dai is not only a book describing rules and regulations, but also a textbook of benevolence, righteousness and morality. Among them, the most famous chapters are "University", "The Doctrine of the Mean" and "Liu Yun" (the first paragraph). The first paragraph of Li Yun is a dialogue between Confucius and Ziyou, also known as Li Yun Datong. The word Datong is often used as a synonym for ideal realm, and many place names also use it.