(The real name is The Story of the Stone, also known as Twelve Women in Jinling, Yue Feng Treasures and Qingpu Record) 120 times.
Author Cao Xueqin, "Ming г, word,no. lay man" (Tiqin Creek Lay Man by Zhang Yiquan), in addition to other brand names such as Xueqin, Qinpu (Duncheng's "Cao Xueqin's Memorial г" and Dunmin's "Tiqin Garden Painting Stone"). Cao Cao, the ancestor of Cao, was a hero who entered the customs from the Dragon, and belonged to Zhengbai Banner, which was banned by Dole. Sun Shi is Cao's daughter-in-law, Cao's wife and Kangxi's nanny. In the second year of Kangxi, Cao became the first weaver girl in Jiangning and served as a messenger for a long time. Cao Yin was Bandu in Kangxi period, the son of Cao and the grandfather of Cao Xueqin. After Cao's death, he succeeded Suzhou Weaving, Jiangning Weaving and Huaihe Salt Inspection, and presided over four ceremonies of Kangxi's southern tour. After his death, his son Cao? Jiangning weaves in succession. Cao? After his death, Cao Quan (Xuan), the younger brother appointed by Kangxi, and Cao Wei, the son of Cao Quan (Xuan), succeeded the weaving department until Cao was destroyed by his property on December 24, Yongzheng five years. Cao Jia Zuli's family has lived in Jiangnan for more than 60 years.
Cao Xueqin is Cao? Or Cao's son. His birth year was either the 54th year of Kangxi (17 15) or the 2nd year of Yongzheng (1724). Born in Nanjing, he was confiscated by the Cao family in the sixth year of Yongzheng and moved back to Beijing with his family. At that time, he was said to have been born in the 54th year of Kangxi and the 2nd year of Yongzheng. After Cao Shi's family returned to Beijing, there were few documents. We can only get a glimpse of it from the poems of Qin Xue's good friends Duncheng, Dunmin and Zhang Yiquan, and then we lived in the western suburbs, so poor that "the whole family often had porridge and wine on credit". His immortal masterpiece A Dream of Red Mansions was written in Huangye Village in the western suburbs. About the year of his death, it is called the New Year's Eve at noon in the 27th year of Qianlong (1762), or the New Year's Eve in the 28th year of Qianlong (1763), or Shen Jia in the 29th year of Qianlong (1764).
The first eighty chapters of A Dream of Red Mansions were copied about ten years before Cao Xueqin's death, and the second half was basically completed. Critics such as Zhi Yanzhai and others have seen the complete draft of this book. However, it was lost by the borrower. So far, only 80 original works of Cao Xueqin have been found. The last 40 chapters in the existing 120 chapter are generally considered as the continuation of Gao E. Although the sequel is very different from the original in thought and art, it still has its own existence value compared with other sequels, so it can still be handed down with the original.
The versions of A Dream of Red Mansions can be divided into two major systems, one is the early commentaries of Zhi Yanzhai and others, and the other is the editions edited and revised by Cheng Weiyuan and Gao E. Eleven kinds of fat sources have been discovered. They are:
The title of each volume of the book "Self-reliance" is "Red Yanzhai's Re-evaluation of Stone", and the cover of each book only has the title of "Stone". Among them, the titles of the second, third and fourth volumes say: "Zhi Yan Zhai reads and comments every four times"; The title of the third volume is also marked with a cloud: "Trade Fair (1759) Winter Moon Final Edition". Therefore, China academic circles are used to saying that it is based on their own books. This book was originally distributed in eighty rounds, and every ten rounds contained a book. Now there are only one to twenty, thirty-one to forty, sixty-one to seventy and forty times left. But the first page is missing three and a half pages, and the other two full pages are missing sixty-four and sixty-seven pages (the existing two pages are based on another one by Qianlong), so there are actually only thirty-eight pages. There are ten lines in the first half of the text, and each line is three crosses. This book was collected by Dong Kang, returned to Tao Zhu and returned to Beijing Library after liberation. Later, the Chinese Museum of History found a copy of "Re-evaluation of the Stone in Hongyan Zhai", which was stored in the second half of chapters 55, 56 to 58 and 59, counting three whole chapters and two and a half. According to expert research, this remnant volume is the lost part of the original. So, it's been 41 times, two and a half times.
Geng Chenben. At the end of each volume, this book is also titled "Zhi Yanzhai's Re-evaluation of The Story of the Stone", while the cover of each volume is only titled "The Story of the Stone". At the same time, there is a remark under the title of each book cover: "Zhi Yanzhai has read it four times"; Among them, the fifth, seventh and eighth volumes are also marked under the title: "Chen Geng (1760) Autumn Moon Final Edition" or "Chen Geng Autumn Moon Final Edition". Therefore, China academic circles used to call Geng. This book is packed in one volume every ten rounds, eight volumes in * * *, ten lines in the first half of the text and three crosses. It should be eighty times, but the sixty-fourth and sixty-seventh times are gone, which has been indicated on the cover of the seventh book. When 1955 copied this copy, it was added according to the basic copy (in fact, these two basic copies are also missing and matched according to another dry copy). So it is actually 78 chapters, which is the most complete one among the early manuscripts that have been discovered. A lot of comments by Zhi Yanzhai and others. Originally collected by Xu Fufu, it was returned to yenching university Library and returned to Peking University Library after liberation.
Jia Xu's book was originally eighty times, but now there are only one to eight times, thirteen to sixteen times, twenty-five to twenty-eight * * sixteen times. Judging from the remaining situation and the inscription at the end of the volume, this book is packed in four rounds, and now it is packed in four volumes in sixteen rounds. At the end of each book, there is the title "Zhi Yanzhai's Re-evaluation of The Story of the Stone". On each folded saddle-seamed horse's mouth, there is the title of "The Story of the Stone" above, the word "Zhi Yanzhai" below, and the volume number and page number in the middle. The first half of the text, twelve lines, eighteen lines. In the wedge of the first text of this book, there is one more line than other fat books: "JOE (1754) of Zhiyanzhai will use the Story of the Stone after reading the comments." Therefore, China academic circles used to call it JOE Edition. This book was originally collected by Liu Quanfu, a bibliophile in the late Qing Dynasty. 1927 was discovered in Shanghai and acquired by Hu Shi. Now in Taiwan Province Province, printed by Shanghai Editor of Zhonghua Book Company in Zhu Mo on 1962. It keeps the fattest batch of all the fat books.
The original title of this book is A Dream of Red Mansions, but the title of the stone is still in the middle of the pages. Because it was written by people during the Qianlong period, the academic circles used to call it Qi Xu Ben. 19 12 was published by You Zheng Bookstore, so it is also called the original. This book has eighty chapters, divided into twenty volumes, each with four chapters, nine lines in the first half and twenty crosses in the text. The original manuscript was destroyed by fire, but in 1975, Shanghai Ancient Books Bookstore found the first 40 chapters of this manuscript, which was divided into ten volumes, four times each. However, judging from the number of rolls and turns indicated in the catalogue and seam, the original should be one roll every ten turns, and * * * is divided into eight rolls. This edition retains some fat batches, but the words "red inkstone" are deleted.
Nantuben. That is, the transcript of the Stone in Nanjing Library. This book has eighty chapters, with a preface in front. The copying format, the number of albums, the number of lines per page, the number of words per line and the annotation content are all the same as the original book, but the handwriting is completely different. Its relationship with Qi needs further study.
The title of Meng Fuben's book is The Story of the Stone, and the preface was copied by Cheng Weiyuan by later generations. After eighty chapters, it is copied from the last forty chapters, so it is one hundred and twenty chapters. There are twelve volumes in the book, ten times each, and thirty-two volumes in four seals. According to legend, this book was written by descendants of the Mongolian palace in the Qing Dynasty, so it is called the Mongolian government book.
The Manuscripts of A Dream of Red Mansions, that is, one hundred and twenty copies of A Dream of Red Mansions, were originally collected by Yang and found in 1959, and collected by the Institute of Literature of China Academy of Sciences. At the end of the seventy-eighth chapter of this book, the calligraphy "Lan Shu has read" is copied by Gan Long. Among them, the first eighty chapters were recorded according to a fat version of "The Story of the Stone", and the last forty chapters were copied from a first draft of Gao E. After copying, a lot were deleted, and several fat batches were deleted.
The book of dreams. In other words, Meng Jue's Preface to a Dream of Red Mansions is called "Chen Jia Sui Ju Yue Chong Huan", so it is also called Chen Jiaben. At the same time, because of its discovery in Shaanxi, it is also known as the golden book. This book is 80% completed, and a lot of fat batches have been deleted.
Xu Shu-Ben, Shu's Preface to a Dream of Red Mansions, has a preface written by Shu in the fifty-fourth year of Qianlong, so it is called Ben or Ben. Eighty times. There are first to fortieth times. The text belongs to the fat-based system and has been tampered with. There is no comment.
Zheng Zangben. That is, Zheng Zhenduo's A Dream of Red Mansions, which was originally unknown, has only chapters 23 and 24 left. The text belongs to the fat-based system and has been tampered with. There is no comment.
List books. That is, the manuscript "The Story of the Stone" collected by Leningrad Branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, a total of 80 volumes, divided into 35 volumes, each volume ranging from 2 to 3 times. Characters belong to the early fat-based system, ranging from eight or nine lines to sixteen, seven to twenty-four characters in half a week. There are comments, many of which are unique to this research institute.
The above are eleven kinds of fat books found so far. In addition, there is a once-seen Jingzang manuscript, which was lost after it was discovered in Nanjing on 1959, and its whereabouts are still unknown. Some comrades copied some comments at that time.
In addition to the above-mentioned fat system, the version of A Dream of Red Mansions also has a process system.
In the fifty-sixth year of Qianlong191winter of1year (179 1), Cheng Weiyuan and Gao E printed A Dream of Red Mansions with wooden movable type for the first time, which made up the last forty chapters. The cover title of this book is A Dream of Red Mansions in Xiu Xiang; The title page is "A Dream of Red Mansions in Xiu Xiang"; "Preface to Cheng Weiyuan" and "Syria Gao E": Xiu Xiang's 24 pages, with the front picture and the back praise; Secondary directory. The first half of the text, 10 lines, 24 words, white mouth, all sides are bilateral. This part is divided into 24 volumes. During the period from the last years of Qianlong to the 16th year of the Republic of China (1927), there were more than 100 kinds of woodcut, Shi Yinben and letterpress editions of A Dream of Red Mansions, which were basically copied and reprinted on the basis of this book. In the 1920s, Hu Shi named this book Cheng Jiaben. Collectors of this book include: Peking University, Institute of Literature of China Academy of Social Sciences, China Institute of Traditional Chinese Opera, Leningrad Branch of Soviet Institute of Asian Nationalities.
Qianlong fifty-seven years, Renzi (1792) spring; After Cheng Jiaben was revised by Cheng and Gao, more than a thousand places were added and deleted in the text, and they were reprinted with wooden movable type, and the layout was exactly the same as that of Cheng Jiaben. Only after Gao's narration, Cheng Hegao's "introduction" was added. A Dream of Red Mansions, published between 1927 and 1982, was regarded as the ancestor by most of them. Hu Shi named this book Cheng Yiben. Collectors of this book mainly include: Beijing Library, Peking University, China Renmin University, Tianjin People's Library, Hangzhou Library, Moscow State Public History Library and Hokkaido University.
In the summer of Renzi in the fifty-seventh year of Qianlong, Cheng and Gao revised the title and text of Cheng Yiben, and printed it in wooden movable type for the third time. The layout is exactly the same as A and B, but there is no "introduction". This version is only found in Shanghai Library 1984. Volumes 4, 7 and 21 are missing, and there are 21 volumes. This book is named Cheng Bingben. However, some scholars hold different opinions on the naming of the book.
Cheng Weiyuan, the word Koizumi. Unknown native place, once worked as an "ancient Wu" person. Born around the 12th year of Qianlong (1747), his fame is unknown. In the late Qianlong period, after I worked in Beijing for a few years, I collected the remnants of A Dream of Red Mansions and invited my friend Gao E * * * to undertake the editing work of "refining, learning from each other's strong points and copying into one" and published A Dream of Red Mansions three times. Good painting, three paintings and one legacy (postscript). Once worked as an aide to general Jinchang of Shengjing, Jinchang praised him as "the most skillful writer, and I have long been famous and trustworthy". Cheng Weiyuan is not an ordinary bookseller.
Gao E, whose name is Lan Shu, is from Shilan. Li's internal affairs office is inlaid with the yellow flag of the Han army. He was born in Qianlong for three years (1738) and died in Jiaqing for ten years (1805). In the fifty-third year of Qianlong (1788), The Cabinetshi Read was selected as the candidate of Jiangnan Road in the sixty years (1795), and the Ministry of Punishment gave him a gift. He is the author of Yuexiaoshanfang's Legacy, Xiang Yan's Ci, Lan Shu Wencun, Lan Shu's Ten Arts, etc. "official collection" and so on. Zhang Wentao's Zhoushan Poems, Volume 16, "Presented to Gao Lanshu (E) in the same year", notes that "Gu Lanshu supplemented the legendary Dream of Red Mansions after eighty times." Therefore, as the old saying goes, the last forty chapters were supplemented by Gao E. According to the research in recent years, Gao E's theory is still in doubt. Cheng and Gao may have just revised the whole book, and there may be a very small number of Cao Xueqin's manuscripts in the last forty chapters, but who is the author of the sequel remains to be further verified.
Important copies of the system include:
The new edition of A Dream of Red Mansions is printed in Xiu Xiang. Published in Dong Xian Pavilion in the last years of Qianlong, it is known as "reading books from the East". There is an inscription by the owner of Dongguan.
Xiu Xiang's Dream of Red Mansions. Jiaqing four years (1799), published in Baoqing Pavilion, was called "Baoqing Pavilion Book" in history.
Xiu Xiang's Dream of Red Mansions. In the 23rd year of Jiaqing (1807), Jinling Tenghua Pavilion was published, commonly known as "Tenghua Pavilion Edition".
Xiu Xiang criticized A Dream of Red Mansions. Daoguang has three halls, commonly known as "three halls". There are circles, key points, repeated circles, and comments between lines. Comments are simple. This is the first batch of comments in the process-based system.
On The Complete Biography of A Dream of Red Mansions in Xiu Xiang. In the 12th year of Daoguang (1832), it was published in Shuangqing Fairy Hall, with the preface, general comment and sound interpretation of Wang Xilian. Every time I look back, I will call it "Wang Xilian's Commentary".
Add comments to make up the picture, the story of the stone. Printed White House of Song Dynasty in Guangxu Period of Shanghai. Wang Xilian, the owner of the flower protection, commented that it was wrong; General comment on Yao Xie, a mountain man. At the end of each time, there are comments from the owner of the flower protector and the villagers, commonly known as "Wang and Yao jointly commented on this book."
Add comments and complete the picture. Guangxu Ten Years (1884) Shi Yinben, Shanghai Wentong Bookstore. There are Taiping idlers Zhang Xinzhi reading the law; The owner of the flower protection approves the bill, makes mistakes and makes general comments; The general comment of a mountain villager; There are two-line comments on Taiping idlers, and at the end of each comment, there are comments on Taiping idlers, flower protectors and villagers in Damou, commonly known as "comments by Wang, Zhang and Yao".