1. Gold Silk Winged Crown
It comes from a round box on the side of Emperor Wanli’s head. The crown weighs 826 grams, is 24 centimeters high and 17.5 centimeters in diameter. Although this crown belongs to the emperor's regular wear, the craftsmanship is at its peak and has reached the level of proficiency.
This winged crown is divided into three parts: "front room", "back mountain" and "gold folded corner", all made of gold. In the front room, 518 0.2 mm thin gold wires are woven into a "lantern kong'er" pattern. Due to the skill of the craftsmen at that time, the patterns weaved not only had uniform gaps and consistent density, but also had no joints or broken wires, and the ins and outs could not be seen, making it as light and transparent as wing yarn. The back mountain and folded corners are also made of gold wire, and the weaving pattern is the same as that of the front room. The back mountain part is assembled with gold ornaments with the pattern of two dragons playing with beads. The heads, claws, dorsal fins and fire beads between the two dragons are all carved using Yang Chi technology, giving a semi-relief effect; the dragon body, The legs and other parts are made using traditional filigree, base and code techniques, and each scale is made of filigree twisted from gold wire. Then code welding to form. Because the craftsmen control the heat just right when welding, such complex pattern decoration does not reveal any trace of the welding joint. Such wonderful skills are indeed breathtaking.
2. Phoenix Crown
The Phoenix Crown in the Ming Dynasty was a ceremonial crown worn by the queen when she was enthroned, visited temples, and court meetings. Its shape was inherited from the Song Dynasty but was developed and improved. It shows more graceful and luxurious beauty.
There are four phoenix crowns unearthed in Dingling, namely "Twelve Dragons and Nine Phoenix Crowns", "Nine Dragons and Nine Phoenix Crowns", "Six Dragons and Three Phoenix Crowns" and "Three Dragons and Two Phoenix Crowns". The four phoenix crowns are made in roughly the same way, except for the number of dragons and phoenixes decorated. They are exquisitely shaped, beautifully made, and decorated with a large number of pearls and gems.
The crown with six dragons and three phoenixes is 35.5 cm in height and about 20 cm in diameter at the base of the crown. The dragon is made entirely of gold, and the phoenix is ??made of jadeite craftsmanship (a technique of decorating with kingfisher feathers). Among them, the top of the crown is decorated with three dragons: the dragon in the middle holds a drop of jewels in its mouth and faces forward; the dragons on both sides face outwards in a soaring shape, with a Ruyi cloud head made of filigree under it, and the dragon head holds a long string of jewels in its mouth. Before the three dragons, there are three green phoenixes in the middle. The phoenixes are all in the shape of spreading their wings and flying, and the jewels they hold in their mouths are slightly shorter. The remaining three dragons are decorated in the middle position behind the crown, and they are also in flying posture. The lower layer of the crown is decorated with large and small pearl flowers. The middle of the pearl flowers is inlaid with red and blue gems, and is surrounded by green clouds and green leaves. There are temples on the left and right sides of the crown, with three leaves on each side. In addition to being decorated with a golden dragon, each fan is also decorated with emerald clouds, emerald leaves and pearl flowers, and is surrounded by strings of beads connected to the left and right. The entire phoenix crown is inlaid with 128 gemstones (including 71 rubies and 57 sapphires) and decorated with 5,449 pearls. Because the dragon and phoenix pearl flowers and temples are symmetrical, the dragon and phoenix have vivid postures, and the jewelry is bright and radiant, the phoenix crown gives people a dignified but not rigid, gorgeous and harmonious artistic feeling. The noble status is thus best reflected.
3. Gongfu
Gunfu, referred to as "Gun", and the crown together are called "Gunmian". It is one of the most noble dresses in ancient times.
There are five Wanli Gun uniforms unearthed from Dingling. Among them, there are three pieces of embroidery and two pieces of tapestry. They are all decorated with twelve chapters of patterns, namely dragon, sun, moon, stars, mountains, Chinese insects, Zongyi, algae, fire, pink rice, 黼, and 黻. The twelve dragons have one on each shoulder, three on the front and back, and two on the left and right sides. The sun and moon are also distributed on both shoulders, stars and mountains are distributed on the back, Chinese insects are decorated on the two sleeves, Zongyi, Zao, Huo, Fenmi, Fu and Fu are respectively decorated on both sides of the dragon on the front and back. According to records, the twelve-chapter pattern originated very early and had become a decoration on the emperor's dress long before the Zhou Dynasty. The patterns in the twelve chapters each have profound meanings: the sun, moon, and stars are called the "three lights", which means "illumination". Mountains can move clouds and rain, and people look up to them, taking the meaning of calming them. The dragon has no way of changing, so choose its god. The Chinese insect is a pheasant, and its literary talent is outstanding, so choose his article. Zongyi, as a sacrificial vessel for the ancestral temple, painted tigers and two beasts, which meant they were worshiped and enjoyed; there is another saying that Zongyi painted tigers for their fierceness, and painted (a kind of long-tailed monkey) for their wisdom. .
It is wise to stuff your nose with your tail when it rains. For algae and aquatic plants, if there is text, choose the text and the cleanliness. For fire, choose its brightness and its inflammation upward. Fen rice, that is, white rice, whichever is white can nourish people. As an axe, the blade is white and the blade is black, which means it can cut. There is also a saying that according to the Bagua directions, white is the color of the west, black is the color of the north, and the intersection between black and white (i.e. northwest) is the color of the Bagua. Qian position, Qian is the sky and Yang, so it symbolizes strength and ability to break. The shape of the fur is " ". One theory is that it is the ancient character "Fu", which means "whistle and bi"; another theory is that it is two "ji" or two "bows" facing each other, which means that the subjects turn their backs on evil and turn to good. It also follows the principle of separation and reunion between monarch and ministers. Although the ancients had different interpretations of these twelve rooms, they all had the political significance of beautifying the royal power.
The five pieces of Dagon clothing unearthed from Dingling are of extraordinary weaving quality. Take Kesi Gongfu as an example. This craft originated in the Han and Wei dynasties. Large looms were not used during weaving. Instead, the technology of cutting through the warp and cutting the weft and digging with small shuttles was used, so it has a unique national style. The woven materials used are particularly valuable. In particular, a large amount of red round gold is used to weave weft, which is extremely rare among Kesi fabrics in the past. The large area of ????the dragon pattern made of peacock down makes the gold and jade of the Gun suit complement each other, making it even more gorgeous. In addition, 28 kinds of colored velvet including blue, red, green and yellow are used in Gun clothes. The warp threads are all strongly twisted silk threads.
Use 22 strands per centimeter of ground; the weft threads are all untwisted colored velvet. Up to 100 roots per centimeter. After such color matching and craftsmanship, the color of the costumes is more magnificent, solemn and elegant, thus achieving the perfect unity of artistic form and ideological content.
4. Baizi Clothes
Empress Xiaojing of Dingling's "Red Solo Embroidered Flat Golden Dragon Baizi Flower Square Collar Women's Clothes" and "Red Dark Flower Luo Embroidered with the Word 'Wanshou' on the Shoulder Dragon Baizi "Floral Square Neck Women's Blouse" are two rare pieces of embroidery art and artistic treasures.
These two Baizi clothes have square collars and double plackets. Judging from the design of the pattern, the embroidered Baizi pictures are wonderful and vivid. The number of children in each group of pictures ranges from 1 to 6, and there are more than 40 scenes. The children's play styles and expressions in each scene are different. Some are fighting crickets and playing with goldfish. Some are practicing martial arts, wrestling, and playing shuttlecock. Some are climbing trees to pick fruits, some are standing on stools to pick peaches, and some are flying kites and playing tops. Some set off firecrackers and played hide-and-seek, some pretended to be teachers and punished their disciples, and some imitated martial arts and tiger-fighting postures and grabbed tabby cats... The innocent and lively expressions of the children were vividly and vividly portrayed.
In addition, nine dragons are embroidered with gold thread on the front, back and sleeves of the two clothes. Their postures include rising, walking and sitting, which are full of changes and reflect the shape of dragons in the court art of the Ming Dynasty. Features. Between the Baizi patterns, there are miscellaneous treasure patterns such as gold ingots, silver ingots, Fang Sheng, ancient coins, orbs, rhinoceros horns, corals, and Ruyi that symbolize good luck and good luck, as well as flowers such as peach blossoms, roses, peonies, lotus, chrysanthemums, and plum blossoms. It consists of four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter. The whole pattern is colorful, which means that the royal descendants will have good fortune and longevity for generations. The color matching of clothing materials is particularly ingenious. The overall color tone is mainly positive colors, with jujube red, water red, pink, plain blue, navy blue, light blue, moon white, mugwort green, yellow green, tea green, peacock green, medium yellow, palace yellow, Different colors such as camel yellow, camellia yellow, camel gray, light brown, and tooth white have achieved a dazzling golden artistic effect. Judging from the embroidery technology of the two clothes, the use of needle methods includes threading needles, grabbing needles, net embroidery, spreading needles, flat gold, diagonal wrapping, plate gold, pine needles, seeding, needle-punching, and blending needles, etc. 11 kinds of rich and varied stitches greatly enhance the artistic expression of embroidery.
5. Jade bowl with gold cover and gold support
It comes from the north side of the west end of the Wanli Emperor's coffin and is made of white jade. Open mouth, arc belly, circle foot. The jade is delicate, translucent, and white and flawless. The hollow gold cover is curved, with the short edge folded outward, and is divided into three layers in a stepped manner from the edge to the top. The top is decorated with a lotus-shaped button, with a moire round button base, and a ruby ??embedded in the center of the button. A continuous cloud pattern is lightly engraved along the edge, and the cover is made of hollow cloud patterns. The lower layer is decorated with three dragons chasing pearls, and the middle and upper layers are each decorated with two dragons chasing pearls. The dragon's posture is strong and graceful, as if leaping into the air.
The gold tray has an outer rolled edge, a shallow arc belly, and a flat bottom. A foot-shaped bowl holder is pressed inward from the outer wall in the center of the bottom. Eight groups of neat cloud patterns are carved on the inner wall of the dish. The bottom of the dish is made of sand, with two dragons chasing beads and cloud patterns carved on it. The middle bowl holder is engraved with cloud patterns, and the outside of the holder is decorated with a continuous cloud pattern in relief.
The bowl is 7 cm high, 15.2 cm in diameter, 5.9 cm in diameter, and weighs 337.5 grams. The cover height is 8.5 cm, the diameter is 15.7 cm, and the weight is 148 grams. The support height is 1.6 cm, the diameter is 20.3 cm, the bottom diameter is 16.7 cm, and it weighs 325 grams.