Wang chuanxue
Peony flower is beautiful, elegant and magnificent, and it is the representative of spring. It is known as the "national beauty and fragrance" and "the king of flowers" in China, and has aroused the praise and praise of many poets and poets since ancient times. There are more than 400 poems by literati in past dynasties, which endow peony with profound cultural meaning.
Flowers are speechless, and literati express their aspirations with flowers, so the aesthetic landscape of famous flowers has become a unique landscape in China's cultural field of vision. Peony began to enter people's aesthetic vision in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, but its aesthetic image was not fully displayed. It was not until the Tang Dynasty that it was fully displayed. Peony in the Tang Dynasty occupied the "national beauty" landscape with its beauty of hue, elegance and magnificence. Coupled with the monarch's love and strong admiration for pets, he immediately became famous in the ruling and opposition circles, enjoying the reputation of the people, and was selected as the "national flower" among the flowers that favored the crown generation. In the Tang dynasty, "peony appreciation" became a crazy folk activity in the whole country, and scholars were even more eager for it. There are many excellent works, which are immortal with their brilliant artistic achievements. The artistic connotation of peony images in Tang and Song poetry is extremely rich, bearing rich political and cultural implications.
Peony has the supreme beauty of national color, and the Tang people regard peony as the "king of flowers". They wrote many works to describe the beauty of peony and gave it the highest evaluation. Pi Rixiu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote the poem Peony:
When the red leaves remain, the aroma begins to bloom.
It is called the king of flowers.
Strive for the beauty of a westward journey,
Independence is the best fragrance in the world.
Clearly praise peony as "the king of flowers" and praise it as "the best fragrance in the world".
Many poems depict peony with the stunning beauty of women in the world, showing the beauty of "Kao". For example, the Tang Dynasty poet Xu Ning's "Peony":
Who doesn't love peony flowers,
Occupy the good things in the city.
Suspected to be the work of Luochuan goddess,
Thousands of beautiful things break the morning glow.
The poem "Doubt is the work of Luochuan Goddess, breaking the morning glow and charming" is a very rich pen and ink. Is this incomparably beautiful Luoyang peony made by Luo Shen? She wore a gorgeous morning glow, graceful and charming.
Another example is the poem Peony by Li Shangyin, a poet in the Tang Dynasty:
Mrs. Mian Wei Chu Juan Wei,
Embroidered quilts pile up more and more.
He put down his hand to carve Yu Pei,
Bend down and fight for the golden dress.
Have you ever cut a stone candle,
Xunling incense burner can be smoked.
I'm a dream reporter,
I want books and flowers to be sent to the clouds.
In the poem, Mrs. Wei (a famous beauty in the Spring and Autumn Period) wearing brocade describes the beauty and shyness of peony when it first blooms. Imagine the green leaves of peony as the embroidered quilt of Equn, and the peony flowers as the embroidered Yue people (see "Talking about the Garden Mountain: Equn is boating in the river, and the Yue people who paddle show their love to Equn, and Equn is moved by the song, raising his long sleeves and holding the embroidered quilt), vividly depicting the bright style of the newly blooming peony flowers surrounded by green leaves. Three or four sentences show the graceful posture of peony swaying in the wind, and compare peony to a woman who is good at dancing. When she was dancing, she put down her hand to touch Yu Pei. When she turned around, she floated a long skirt. (For the classic, see "Mrs. Qi dances with sleeves up". ) These two sentences are a metaphor for the dancer's light posture when dancing in the wind, with his hands bent down, his ornaments fluttering and his long skirt fluttering, depicting the image of peony leaves rolling and swaying in the wind. Five or six sentences in the poem describe the brilliance and fragrance of peony when it is in bloom. Shi Chong cooks with candles in Shi Shuo Xin Yu and Liu Ji's allusion in Xiangyang Ji: "Xun sat in someone's house for three days" link the blooming peony with these historical allusions, and use the characters in these historical allusions to express the impression of delicate peony in the green leaves, which shows that the charm of peony causes readers to think beautifully. The last two sentences of the poem use the allusions of Jiang Yan's five-color pen and the dream witch mountain goddess, and the poet is intoxicated with the beauty of the countryside. He dreamt of Wushan Goddess in a trance, hoping that she would teach him a colorful pen, write his thoughts on this mosaic and give it to Wushan Goddess. It shows the poet's inner excitement.
This poem is ingeniously conceived. It compares things with people and imitates things with people. It depicts the charm, gorgeous colors and rich fragrance of peony leaves through the stories of Mrs. Wei's first appearance, embroidered Yue, Mrs. Qi's dancing, burning candles on stones and lingering fragrance of Xun, which fully presents the modality of peony. Finally, the poet had a whim and gave the peony leaves to the Wushan goddess. Writing peony clearly, praising people secretly, is unique and memorable.
The poem "Red Peony" by Wang Wei, a poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, uses personification to write peony flowers with emotion;
The green leaves of red peony are quietly unfolding, and the color of red peony is bright and deep.
In the face of withering, peony is sad from it. Can you understand peony's thoughts?
The poem depicts the delicate beauty of peony with skillful brushwork, and also writes that flowers also have a heart, and flowers also complain about spring. Using anthropomorphic techniques, the poetry is vivid and rhythmic, combining internal and external things, developing from senses to soul, and giving peony a personalized soul.
Look at Luo Yin's Peony in the Tang Dynasty;
Dongfeng seems to have another reason.
The crimson Luo Gao wins the spring.
If you teach Jieyu, you should abandon your country.
Ren ruthless, moving.
Peony and Jun are personal attendants,
Where can hibiscus flowers avoid fragrant dust?
After the poor Han Gong Ling succeeded,
I let you down.
The whole poem means: Peony blossoms with the east wind. Is it because it can win the favor of Dong Jun? Peony is like an elegant lady with a high bun and white clouds, which is particularly beautiful against the spring breeze. Just like in the past, Yang Guifei was a flower of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. As long as she has the beauty of the United States, even if she is ruthless, isn't she just as moving? The beautiful peony is only the nearest peony, and the hibiscus is hiding in the pool to avoid your fragrant dust. It seems that in the world of flowers, there are also the same high and low as people, which makes peony even more unattainable. It is best for two poets to sigh: Poor, such a beautiful peony was cut down by people like Han Hong, and its beauty was let down. It expresses the poet's sense of life experience in a tortuous way.
Li Zhengfeng, a poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem "Peony Poetry", which described the beauty of peony as "national beauty and fragrance".
National color is full of wine, and clothes are dyed at night.
Dan Jing was drunk in spring, and the bright moon asked about the return date.
The meaning of the poem is: in the morning, I can't help drinking in front of the peony with national color. The night is like water, and the natural fragrance of peony also dyes the skirt. This mid-spring scene, which is in full swing, makes Ruhua's face infatuated, forgets the time when enjoying the flowers, and makes the deep moon ask when to return. The poem is written in a subtle and elegant way, and the antithesis is neat, which makes the peony a "national beauty and fragrance" reputation. Since then, "national beauty and fragrance" has become people's evaluation of peony.
Among the poems praising peony, Liu Yuxi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, is most famous for "appreciating peony":
Peony demon in front of the court failed,
The lotus on the pool is pure and has a special liking.
Only peony is the real national color,
When flowers bloom, the capital moves.
This poem describes the beauty of peony in shape, color, fragrance and rhyme. The first two sentences describe peony's "demon without personality" and Furong's "pure and heartless", and compare the unique advantages of peony with the beauty of two stunning flowers, thus paving the way for peony's unparalleled personality, charm and color. Peony and Paeonia lactiflora belong to the same family (peony is also called "Mu Peony"), which is very gorgeous when in full bloom, but most of the flowers are concentrated at the top of the flower plant, which is dull and gorgeous, unlike peony flowers, which are diverse, graceful and colorful and hidden in green leaves and sparse branches. Lotus is known as the "gentleman's flower": it is muddy but not stained, clear but not demon. But it is flourishing, leaving it to Leng Yan, which naturally lacks some interest and charm. After commenting on the fly in the ointment of "Peony" and "Lotus", the poet turned to his own voice: "Only peony is the real national color, and the capital will move when it blooms." Two words gushed, one word "Wei" and the other word "Move", with great momentum, which made the peony blossom more beautiful than Wang Meiren, and the peony blossomed. Among them, the "beauty of national color" of peony is set off by the sensation of its supreme place in Beijing, or it has the "capital effect". This flower viewing craze reflects a social fashion and sets off the focus of fashion-the "national color" of peony.
Beauty affects fashion, and fashion shows the power of beauty. Look at the two peony flowers of Xu Yin, a poet of the Five Dynasties;
The first flower among thousands of flowers,
The faint clouds gently dye the tender silver ou.
Will be fascinated by a thousand daughters,
Zhu's men are also confused.
Holding wine and looking at the sunshine,
Mufeng flew out and bypassed the fence.
Poetry and books are covered with dust,
No one will look up at the end of the day.
This poem is unique. It is not enough to present the crazy charm of peony to people only through positive praise and side comparison. It also makes people addicted to flowers and even have no time to take care of their favorite poetry books, leaving themselves with enthusiasm and obsession with dust. Another example is "Three Flowers in Nine Seasons, Thousands of Families Visit Peony" (Tang Xuning's "Sending White Sima"), which is a masterpiece that sets off the wealth of peony and enjoys the appreciation of the whole country.
The most wonderful pen and ink in Tang poetry depicting the beauty of peony's national color is accomplished by first-class figures with incomparable dignity and talent, such as Tang, Yang Guifei and Li Bai. At the beginning of Tianbao, Dong Chiqing celebrated the blooming of peony in front of Chenxiang Temple, and Li Longji and Yang Yuhuan of Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty took a night outing and invited Hanlin to write poems for Li Bai. Li Bai was in his prime, ambitious, and used flowers as a metaphor for people, and peony as a metaphor for Yang Guifei, and wrote three chapters of the famous poem "Qing Ping Diao":
Clouds need clothes, flowers and capacity,
The spring breeze opened the threshold and showed its richness.
If it weren't for the head of the Yushan Mountains,
I will meet Yaotai under the moon.
Red dew is fragrant,
Making love is a waste of time.
Excuse me, who looks like Han Palace?
The poor swallow leans against her new makeup.
Famous flowers poured into the countryside and enjoyed each other.
Looks like a smiling king.
Explain the infinite hatred for the spring breeze,
Chenxiang Temple is on the sill in the north.
Li Bai skillfully extracted the characteristics of Yang Guifei's affinity with peony-graceful atmosphere, graceful posture, gorgeous crowd, and spoiling the harem ... Guifei can represent the plump posture of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, unparalleled wealth and beauty, and the status of respecting 3,000, and skillfully blend into the image of "peony" to achieve the gorgeous realm of people and flowers.
In the three poems, Peony and Yang Guifei wrote together. Flowers are people, and people are flowers. The flowers on people's faces are completely integrated, just like the elegance of Xuanzong in the Tang Dynasty. From the perspective of text structure, the first one was written from space and introduced Yuan Long on the Moon to readers. The second song was written at that time, introducing the balcony of King Xiang of Chu and the court of Emperor Cheng of Han Dynasty to readers. The third song returns to the present reality, pointing out that the Tang Palace is north of Chenxiang Temple. Poetry and pen are not only easy to write, but also interrelated and integrated.
In the first song, the phrase "clouds need clothes, flowers need capacity" makes Yang Guifei's clothes look like clothes and feathers, surrounded by her plump jade capacity. There are two understandings of the word "Xiang". It can be said that when you see clouds, you think of clothes, and when you see flowers, you think of looks. It can also be said that you think of clothes as clouds and looks as flowers, so the interaction is uneven, and the seven words give people a feeling of flowers. Next, "the spring breeze blows the sill to show the flowers", and the beauty of peony flowers is more colorful in the crystal dew, which makes the above sentence more full. At the same time, the wind dew symbolizes the grace of the king and makes the painted face more spiritual. Below, the poet's imagination suddenly rose to the Yushan and Yaotai groups where the Queen Mother of the West lived in heaven. I'm afraid such a beautiful face can only be seen in fairyland! Jade Mountain, Yaotai and moonlight set off a beautiful face, which naturally reminds people of a white jade-like person and a warm white peony flower. At the same time, the poet does not show traces, and compares Yang Guifei to a heavenly daughter, which is really exquisite.
The second song begins with the sentence "a piece of red dew condenses fragrance", which writes both color and fragrance; Not only the natural beauty, but also the dew beauty, which is a step further than the previous Revlon. With the story of the King of Chu, "The Nature of Wushan Rain Wasted Heartbroken" humanized the flowers in the previous sentence, pointing out that the King of Chu was a goddess heartbroken, but in fact, the goddess in the dream could not get the beauty of the moment! After that, Zhao, the queen of Emperor Han Cheng, was a peerless beauty, but Zhao still had to rely on new makeup. Yang Guifei, who looked like a beauty in front of her eyes, didn't need makeup, which was naturally amazing. This song is to depress the goddess and swallow, raise Yang Guifei, and use the past to describe the present.
The third song returns to reality from the fairyland ancients. The first two sentences, "Famous flowers pour over the country and care for each other, which makes the king smile." Of course, the beauty of "falling in love with the country" refers to Yang Guifei. It's just here that the poem points out that the peony and "pour the country" are combined into one, and then the word "look with a smile" is unified, so that the peony, Yang Fei and Xuanzong are integrated. Because of the "laugh" in the second sentence, the "show infinite hatred for the spring breeze" in the third sentence was aroused. The word "spring breeze" is synonymous with the king. This sentence makes the moving beauty of peony full of interest, and the king laughs. Of course, there is no hate, and the hate is relieved. At the end of last year, the place where Yang Fei enjoyed flowers was "Chenxiang Temple North". How elegant and romantic it is for people to lean on the flowers outside the diaphragm.
These three poems are rich in language and words. The most prominent thing is to write flowers and people together, which fully depicts the beauty of peony, thus implicitly and vividly praising Yang Guifei's charming face, which not only makes her look good, but also makes her poems famous all over the world. Today, no matter from any angle, it is undoubtedly the best in peony poetry.
In many poems about peony, many praise the beauty and magnificence of peony flowers.
"Jiao face tender, thin spring makeup, red light. Sooner or later, someone will go to heaven and send him a gift to Dong Shuangcheng. " (Xu Yin's "Peony on Shangshu Seat is endowed with light rhyme, and its flowers are transplanted from Yue") uses anthropomorphic techniques to write gorgeous peony. "It's useless to be jealous of a peony, but you dare not open a rose because you are ashamed to kill it." (Tang Xuning's "Peony in Kaiyuan Temple") also wrote the characteristics of peony with bright contrast and contrast. Sun Guangxian, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, personified peony in his poem "Raw Tea Seeds" and compared it to a beauty wearing a hairpin: "Peony is fragrant, red and condensed. At the beginning of Jin Jiangchun, I always recognized the place to sing. Touched, for things, in the brilliant fireworks. When wearing a jade hairpin, it is different from any flower. "
Ouyang Xiu, a writer in Song Dynasty, praised her as "the only peony in the world". In his poem Ode to Bai Mudan, he compared her to the beauty of a toad:
Toad pure snow, pregnant with clouds,
Spring is fragrant, and flowers bloom overnight.
Jade blocks are hidden in the branches of dew,
Warm the air and pour a silver cup in front of the court.
Legend has it that there is a toad in the moon palace, and then the toad refers to the moon. The poet praised peony as a fairy flower bred in the moon palace. Flowers are as precious as jade.
Li Zhi, a poet of the Ming Dynasty, wrote in Peony:
Recalling the flowers in Chang 'an,
Peony is unique to drunken beauty.
There are countless flowers in a tree in the province.
* * * 200 single eight branches.
It is vivid and vivid to compare peony to the beauty of the past.
Peony flowers usually bloom in late spring. Folk songs say, "Peony of Grain Rain in Three Dynasties". When the peony blooms, the peaches, pears and apricot flowers have all fallen, and the peony blooms late, so it does not compete for spring. This also attracted the praise of poets and poets, who used flowers to describe people and had a noble style. For example, Yin Wengui, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote the poem "Assistant Minister Zhao sees red Bai Mudan, because he sends a Yang-shaped head to praise the picture":
The late opening is for the crowd,
Your land is planted in pairs of jade halls.
Red smoke, suspicious language,
Su Hua only smells fragrant when she reflects the moon.
The clipping is biased towards the east wind,
It's as light as calligraphy cosmetics.
It is called the first crown in flowers,
Age takes up spring scenery.
This poem not only praises the beauty of peony, but also praises her noble style. "Late blooms always let the flowers bloom first", and peony dares to let the flowers bloom first. After the third spring, it showed a noble demeanor of not competing with flowers for spring.
Another example is the poem "Peony" by Li Shanfu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty: "The east wind doesn't open early, and fragrant flowers float up the stairs. A few fairy flowers emerged from the fire, and a strange fragrance fell from the sky. " The poem "Peony" by Li Xiaoguang, a poet in Yuan Dynasty, can express people's admiration for peony.
Rich and romantic,
Flowers bow their heads and worship incense dust.
The pillars are embroidered with rubies,
Clouds are rolling and clouds are comfortable.
Heaven has its own power,
Colorless countries can be neighbors.
Famous flowers are also difficult to cultivate,
He Tianfei Palace Wan Hu Spring
The poem praises the noble temperament and brilliant posture of peony as the first flower, and praises the character that peony opens in late spring after flowering and does not compete with flowers.