What does Chinese Studies refer to?
The term Chinese Studies has been around since ancient times. This refers to a national-level school. "Zhou Li, Chun Guan Zongbo No. 3" says: "Musicians are in charge of the government of Chinese studies." "Tang Huiyao" also says: "After the fifth year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong was lucky enough to learn Chinese studies and Taixue, so he built 1,000 more schools. Two hundred rooms. ”
The concept of Chinese studies in the modern sense was formed in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty. Its definition caused controversy several times at the beginning of the last century. As for the definition of Chinese studies, strictly speaking, so far, the academic community has not given us a unified and clear definition. Famous experts have different opinions and cannot agree on one thing. It is generally said that Deng Shi, a quintessence of Chinese scholar, wrote in 1906: "Who are the scholars of Chinese culture? The learning belongs to a country. People who live on it have the land to build a country. Those who have their own country have their own learning. Those who learn, learn. The learning of a country is for national use, and it is self-governing for a country." ("Guoxue Lecture Notes", "Journal of Chinese Culture", Issue 19) Mr. Deng's concept of Chinese studies is very broad, but he mainly emphasizes the practicality of Chinese studies. . The representative opinion is that relative to new learning, it refers to old learning, and relative to western learning, it refers to middle school, and by extension, it refers to traditional Chinese academics.
Generally speaking, Guoxue refers to traditional Chinese culture and academics with Confucianism as the main body. Since Chinese studies are traditional Chinese culture and academics, they undoubtedly also include medicine, drama, calligraphy and painting, astrology, numerology, etc. These of course belong to the category of Chinese studies, but they can also be said to be extensions of Chinese studies.
Chinese studies are divided into disciplines, which should be divided into philosophy, history, religion, literature, etiquette, textual criticism, ethics, editions, etc. Among them, Confucian philosophy is the mainstream; They are the pre-Qin scholars, Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. Confucianism runs through and dominates the history of Chinese thought, and the others have a subordinate status. Chinese studies are divided into the "Sikuquanshu" and should be divided into four parts: Jing, Shi, Zi, and Ji. However, Jing and Zi Department is the most important, especially the sutra department.
What we refer to today as "Chinese Studies" generally refers to traditional Chinese culture, especially the excellent traditional culture that has been accumulated in the historical process and is still valuable to contemporary society.
"Zhou Li·Chun Guan·Musicians": "Musicians are in charge of the administration of Chinese studies to teach the sons of the country Xiao Wu." Sun Yirang's "Zhou Li·Zhengyi": "Chinese scholars are on the left side of the palace in the national city. Elementary school too." "Guoxue" in the Zhou Dynasty was just a "school for the children of aristocrats" run by the state.
At present, "Guoxue" generally refers to Chinese traditional culture. Until now, there is no fixed academic definition of "Guoxue".
Generally speaking, Guoxue refers to traditional Chinese culture and academics with Confucianism as the main body. Since Chinese studies are traditional Chinese culture and academics, they undoubtedly also include medicine, drama, calligraphy and painting, astrology, numerology, etc. These of course belong to the category of Chinese studies, but they can also be said to be extensions of Chinese studies.
Guoxue originally referred to national institutions of learning, such as Taixue and Imperial College. The theory that Chinese studies refers to learning originated from the historical period of the spread of Western learning to the east and cultural transformation. It emerged at the beginning of the 20th century and began to flourish in the 1920s. In mainland China, ideological and academic freedom gradually recovered after the Cultural Revolution, and the academic space for traditional Chinese culture gradually expanded. After the 1980s, "Chinese Studies" has revived to this day.
Chinese studies are divided into disciplines, which should be divided into philosophy, history, religion, literature, etiquette, textual criticism, ethics, editions, etc. Among them, Confucian philosophy is the mainstream; They are the pre-Qin scholars, Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. Confucianism runs through and dominates the history of Chinese thought, and the others have a subordinate status. Chinese studies are divided into the "Sikuquanshu" and should be divided into four parts: Jing, Shi, Zi, and Ji. However, Jing and Zi Parts are given priority, especially the Confucian classics; according to the "Lectures on Chinese Studies" by Zhang Taiyan, a master of Chinese studies, they are divided into primary schools, Confucian classics, history, scholars and literature.
The theory of "Chinese Studies" originated from the historical period of the spread of Western learning to the east and cultural transformation. As for the definition of Chinese studies, strictly speaking, so far, the academic community has not given us a unified and clear definition. Famous experts have different opinions and cannot agree on one thing. It is generally said that Deng Shi, a quintessence of Chinese scholar, wrote in 1906: "Who are the scholars of Chinese culture? The learning belongs to a country. People who live on it have the land to build a country. Those who have their own country have their own learning. Those who learn, learn. The learning of a country is for national use, and it is self-governing for a country." ("Guoxue Lecture Notes", "Journal of Chinese Culture", Issue 19) Mr. Deng's concept of Chinese studies is very broad, but he mainly emphasizes the practicality of Chinese studies. .
Chinese studies are divided into disciplines, which should be divided into philosophy, history, religion, literature, etiquette, textual criticism, ethics, editions, etc. Among them, Confucian philosophy is the mainstream; They are the pre-Qin scholars, Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. Confucianism runs through and dominates the history of Chinese thought, and the others have a subordinate status. Chinese studies are divided into the "Sikuquanshu" and should be divided into four parts: Jing, Shi, Zi, and Ji. However, Jing and Zi Parts are given priority, especially the Confucian classics; according to the "Lectures on Chinese Studies" by Zhang Taiyan, a master of Chinese studies, they are divided into primary schools, Confucian classics, history, scholars and literature.
Zhang Taiyan stated in his "Introduction to Chinese Studies": The essence of Chinese Studies is classics and history, not myths, classics, not religions, and history, not novels and legends; , understand geography, understand the changes in human sentiments in ancient and modern times, and identify the application of literature.
Deng Shi, the quintessence of Chinese sect, said: "Who are the scholars of Chinese culture? The learning belongs to a country. People who live on it are the ones who build the country. Those who have their own country have their own learning. Those who learn, Learn the knowledge of a country for the benefit of the country, and self-govern the country.
" Question: What does Chinese Studies refer to?
Traditional Chinese Studies refers to the six Confucian arts: archery, imperialism, etiquette, music, calligraphy, and art. The Four Books and Five Classics: "Mencius", "Great Learning", "The Analects of Confucius" and "The Doctrine of the Mean" ."Spring and Autumn", "Book of Changes", "Book of Songs", "Book of Rites" What does Chinese Studies refer to?
Introduction: The term "Chinese Studies" has existed in ancient China. , refers to a national-level school, which is equivalent to the "Tai Xue" in the Han Dynasty. During the Zhenyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, Li Bo lived in seclusion and studied in Bailu Cave, Lushan. In the Southern Tang Dynasty, he built a school at its site to teach students. It was called "Lushan Chinese Studies". In the Song Dynasty, it was also called "Bailudong Academy". At this time, "Guoxue" was actually a place for collecting books and teaching.
Today's "Guoxue" refers to traditional Chinese culture. Cultural classics are the carrier of the ideological system that expresses the traditional social values ??and moral ethics of the Chinese nation. However, the definition still needs academic discussion and has not been firmly defined.
Intrinsic value: Chinese culture is not just traditional culture. It’s not just advanced culture, not just fashion culture; it’s not just natural Chinese studies, it’s not just life Chinese studies, it’s not just family Chinese studies, it’s not just public welfare Chinese studies.
Chinese studies are a kind of origin. The living and ongoing Zhongzheng civilization and harmonious culture inherited from the original beginning and inherited from historical reality are the core values ??and pursuits of the Chinese nation. They are a high-level summary of the Chinese people’s way of thinking, behavior, lifestyle and production for tens of millions of years. They are the core values ??of the Chinese nation. Mother's milk is the blood, spirit and soul of the Chinese people, and it is the sky and the earth that the Chinese people believe in. Today, when we are realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and welcoming the prosperity of Chinese culture, the common people have a long way to go to learn Chinese culture.
Contents of Chinese studies: Chinese studies represent the core of Chinese civilization. There are classics from hundreds of schools of thought in the past, such as "Yellow Emperor's Yin Fu Jing", "Laozi", "Zhuangzi", "Yu Li" and "Su Shu". The third part. : Poetry and Fu. Poetry and Fu are two different genres. In ancient times, scholars could make gifts by climbing high, but we are not as good as the ancients. Part Four: The Book of War. Military books are a very important part in the classification of ancient knowledge, and the magic numbers and formulas discussed later are regarded as practical and rational. Part Five: Spells. For example, the "Book of Changes" as a divination omen. Part Six: Square Skills. Fangzhongshu and medical skills are all square skills. What do Guoxue and Taixue refer to
Guoxue is based on the classics of the Pre-Qin Dynasty and hundreds of schools of thought, covering Confucian classics of the Han Dynasty, metaphysics of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Taoism of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming dynasties, practical studies of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and contemporary It has a unique and complete cultural and academic system including pre-Qin poetry, Han fu, Six Dynasties parallel prose, Tang and Song poetry, Yuan opera, Ming and Qing novels, and history of the past dynasties. The theories of hundreds of schools of thought in the pre-Qin period coexisted and flourished without any master-slave relationship. In terms of their role in each period, each school of thought played an explicit or implicit role in each period. It was just a role. The fields are different; since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty "deposed all schools of thought and respected Confucianism", Confucianism has played a mainstream role in the field of ideological education, but other schools of thought also play an important role in different fields, such as Taoism in the political field. Like Legalists, Taoists and military strategists in the military field, Taoists and doctors in the medical field, as well as various schools in other fields (famous scholars, Mohists, farmers...), etc., the mainstream role of one field does not mean that all. Therefore, there is no distinction between master and slave among the various schools of Chinese studies, and there is no one school whose teachings are the main body.
Taixue is a kind of university in ancient China. It was founded in the fifth year of Yuanshuo, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The ancient universities were called Chengjun and Shangxiang. Dong Zhongshu: "The name of the famous university among the five emperors is Chengjun", Zheng Xuan: "Shangxiang is the university, in the western suburbs of the royal city." As for the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, the university in Xia was Dongxu, in Yin it was Youxue, in Zhou there was Dongjiao, and in Zhou Dynasty There were also five universities: Dongxu in the east, Guzong in the west, Chengjun in the south, Shangxiang in the north, and Piyong in the middle. In the Han Dynasty, Taixue was established in the capital as the central official school and the highest institution of higher education. Taixue offered sacrifices to wine and was in charge of national education administration. After the Sui Dynasty, it was changed to the Imperial College, and the Imperial College was also located in the Imperial College.