20 18 Publishing Qualification Examination "Basic Theory and Practice" Knowledge Points: Book Layout
Section 6 Layout Design of Books and Periodicals
Generally speaking, the content of the text page of a book or periodical is mainly composed of the text and page numbers, and sometimes there are auxiliary words or decorative patterns such as book eyebrows. According to the requirements of publishing specialty for junior technicians, this section mainly describes the basic requirements for the design of text, page numbers and book headers in the typesetting design of text pages.
First, the typesetting design of the text
The typesetting design of books and periodicals mainly includes the text design of the text and the layout design of lines and paragraphs.
(a) the text used in the text of books and periodicals
The words used in the text of books and periodicals generally depend on the content, nature, readers and reading methods of books and periodicals.
1. Words used in the text of books
Among many printed fonts, Song is the most suitable for reading, so the text of the book is mostly Song. Regular script is close to handwriting, which shortens the gap between printing and handwriting in form, is easy to write and recognize, and the font is lively, so regular script is often used in children's books and popular books. Imitation song style, beautiful and generous, both rigid and flexible. Therefore, imitation of Song Dynasty is often used in literary reading materials such as poetry collections and prose collections.
The text of ordinary books is generally arranged in the fifth word. Reference books contain a lot of information, so the text is often closely arranged with a font size of five or smaller (the spacing and line spacing are relatively small). The text of children's books is often written in italics on the 4 th or 4 th, sparsely arranged with spaces, and the spacing and line spacing are large. For books mainly aimed at the elderly, the text can be arranged in small four characters.
2. The words used in the journal text.
There are many articles in a journal with different themes, so the font and font size of each article are different, and the font and font size used in the text can also be different.
Long articles are arranged in Song style, because the reading effect is the best. For short essays, you can choose font styles such as imitation song style, regular script and thin circle according to the content.
The number five is generally used in the text, and it can also be used when necessary. The text of children's periodicals should not be less than the number five.
When there are multiple articles on a page, different articles can use different fonts to reflect the relative independence of each article.
(2) Design and arrangement of word lines
Word line is the basic combination form of printed words in the center of the plate, which is formed by linear arrangement of several words and various symbols. In the horizontal column layout, the length of the word line is equal to the width of the page center; In the horizontal multi-column layout, the length of the word line is equal to the width of the column; In vertical column layout, the length of each row is equal to the height of the center; In a vertical multi-column layout, the length of a row is equal to the height of a column.
Design of 1. Word Line
The design of word line mainly includes the selection of font and font size, the setting of words and line spacing in each line. Except for special children's books, the text of general books and periodicals does not need kerning design.
2. Line arrangement
The introduction here is only for books and periodicals arranged horizontally, but the basic principle can also be applied to books arranged vertically, as long as the direction of the lines is rotated 90 degrees clockwise, that is, the left and front are changed to "up" and the right and back are changed to "down".
The arrangement of rows is left-aligned, right-aligned, indented and so on. They can be marked with words or corresponding proofreading symbols.
(1) Zuo Qi
Zuo Qi, also known as "Zuo Qi", is divided into two types:
One is flush arrangement, also known as "top grid arrangement", that is, the left side of the first paragraph of text or picture is flush with the opening position of the front panel. When used for table typesetting, "left alignment" means that the text in the cell is basically flush with the left line and does not overlap.
Another kind of left alignment is forward contraction alignment, that is, each line of text starts with a certain space (usually expressed by the number of words) from the front panel, and the prefix of each line is aligned.
(2) Right alignment
Right Qi, also called "Qi Right", is divided into two types:
One kind of right alignment is tail alignment, that is, the right side of the text or picture at the end of the line is flush with the opening position of the backplane. When "right alignment" is used for table typesetting, it means that the text in the cell is basically flush with the row on the right, and there is no overlap.
Another kind of right alignment is backward alignment, that is, each line of text ends at a certain distance (usually expressed by words) from the back plate opening, and the two ends of each line of text are aligned.
(3) Indent and Indent
Indentation refers to the need to leave a space between the word line and the front or back mouth. If the width of 1 is left, it is called "shrinking 1" or "shrinking 1" and "shrinking 2", and so on.
Indentation means that the beginning or end of the next line is a few words wider than the previous line. Because they are easy to be confused, when a line needs to be indented, for the sake of clarity, the method of directly marking the indentation is adopted.
Leaving a space before a line is called "front indent" or "front space", and leaving a space after it is called "back indent" or "back space".
(4) Alignment
Alignment means that each column of text in the column layout or each line of text in two opposite pages of dual code plane and single code plane in the viewing plane should be on the same horizontal line accordingly. And the connection of two actual pages must be accurate to one line; general layout
It is required to be basically flush, especially for complex layouts with many formulas or charts, as long as they are roughly aligned, but the size of the center must be consistent, and the lines at the top and tail of the center are more accurate.
(3) Design and arrangement of paragraphs
Generally, several lines are combined into a paragraph, but sometimes a line can be a paragraph alone. Although paragraphs are "blocks", they are linear in nature. When typesetting, the lines in a paragraph can freely extend from one core to the next, and their division is basically unrestricted, so it is not necessary to specify them when designing the layout.
1. Paragraph design
The design of paragraphs is mainly to set the distance between paragraphs, and sometimes it involves the indentation format of the whole paragraph. Paragraph spacing is generally the same as line spacing and does not need special marking; Sometimes it can be slightly larger than the line spacing, so it must be specially marked. Except for reference books, poems and plays, the first line of a paragraph in the text of a general book should be indented by two words, which usually does not need special marking. Quotations and sample paragraphs can be indented or indented according to the design intention, which needs special marking.
2. Arrangement of paragraphs
There are several ways to arrange paragraphs, such as first blank, separation and next line. They can be marked with both words and designated proofreading symbols.
(1) is empty first
The first blank, also called "paragraph first blank", refers to the empty word at the beginning of a paragraph. In the text, the capitalization of line 1 in each paragraph should be empty by two words, which is also called "the first empty box 2".
(2) separately
Otherwise, it is also called "starting from another line", which means that the corresponding characters are arranged from a new line regardless of whether there is space at the end of the existing line. Each paragraph of the text must be arranged separately.
(3) Connection and discharge
Connection has two meanings: one is the continuation of the next paragraph in the last line of the previous paragraph; Second, it refers to the new content of the manuscript, leaving no blank at the end of the edition, but not continuing the original lines.
(d) Adjust the number of rows and pages.
For the typesetting of books and periodicals, there has always been a norm in the publishing industry that "single words are not arranged, and single lines are not punched in the face". This is mainly to prevent the layout from being unsightly and also to save paper. So for a word line with only one word and a page with only one word, we need to deal with it accordingly.
1.
Indentation refers to reducing the number of lines, that is, by adjusting the text and punctuation in the paragraph, the number of lines in the paragraph is reduced by one or several lines. For "single character lines", these lines can usually be indented. The preferred method of line contraction is to adjust punctuation, that is, to change full-angle punctuation into half-angle punctuation to reduce the space occupied by punctuation. If the line cannot be condensed after this treatment, try to delete some unimportant words in this paragraph.
Reduce the face
Indentation refers to reducing the number of pages, that is, by indenting lines or narrowing the upper and lower spacing of charts, moving pictures and texts to the previous page, or stringing words beside charts, thus reducing one side. For a page with only one line, it can generally be handled by shrinking the surface.
Stretch words
Expansion refers to adding several words to a word line with only one word. When there is still the phenomenon of "single word line" in printed proofs (usually two proofs or sets of proofs), in order to prevent some unexpected mistakes from appearing on the pages that have been basically finalized, we often use lengthened words to add several lines. The commonly used method is to change the half-angle punctuation marks in the corresponding paragraphs into full-angle punctuation marks, or to add spaces before and after other symbols, foreign languages and numbers. If you can't lengthen words in this way, you should try to add words in the corresponding paragraphs.
stretching
Line extension refers to adding one or more lines to a page. When the printed proofs still have the phenomenon of "single line into a plane", in order to prevent the subsequent pages that have been basically finalized from changing and may produce some unexpected errors, one or more lines are usually added to the page by extending lines. The general method is to enlarge the blank space above and below the chart, change the string chart into a column chart, and lengthen the paragraph with more words in the last line.
5. Turn pages, down and up
Every article in a journal can't be arranged in an integer page. There will always be some pages with more or less blanks, so we need to fill in more.
The so-called page turning refers to transferring part of the text at the end of an article to another page. If the last sentence (preferably the end of the paragraph) of the main body of the article is left on the original page, it should be marked "(down to the first page)", indicating that the following text goes to the first page; At the beginning of the translation, "(continued from page ××)" should be marked, indicating that the following text should continue the corresponding text on page ××.