(classic)
With different names, Chicory Chrysanthemum Wheat (Classic), Dalan (Bielu), Dianmai (Qianjinfang), Nantianzhu Grass (Shengji Zonglu), Jianronghua (Lin Yi Brick Kiln) and Dianzhucao (Shandong Chinese Medicine).
The source is Dianthus or Dianthus with flowers.
Plant Morphology ① Dianthus, also known as: Chrysanthemum, Millet (Erya), Ground (Qi Shu), Dianthus, Wild Wheat, Cauliflower, Scissors and Ten Scenes.
Perennial herbs, up to 1 m. Stems are tufted, erect and hairless, with dichotomous branches on the upper part and obvious nodes. Leaves alternate, linear or linear-lanceolate, length 1.5 ~ 9 cm, width 1 ~ 4 mm, tapering at the top, short sheath phimosis at the base, entire, glabrous on both sides. Flowers solitary or several panicles with sparse branches; Pedicel 4 cm long; Bracteoles 4 ~ 6, arranged in 2 ~ 3 rounds; Calyx cylindrical, 4 cm long, 5-lobed at the top, with lanceolate lobes, membranous edges and fine hairs; Petals 5, reddish, white or purplish red, deeply split into thin lines at the apex and hairy at the base; Stamens10; Ovary superior, 1 room, style 2, slender. Capsule oblong, surrounded by persistent calyx. The flowering period is from August to September. The fruiting period is 9 ~ 1 1 month.
Born on a hillside or under a forest. Distributed in most parts of the country.
② Dianthus (Du Gongbu Collection), also known as Dianthus Goose, Embroidered Bamboo (Luoyang Flowers and Trees), Luoyang Flower (Outline) and Shizhu Flower.
The morphology is similar to that of the above species, and the main differences are that the bracts are oval, leaflike, spreading, calyx tube 1/2, and the apex is caudally tapered; Calyx tube 2 ~ 2.5 cm long, lobes broadly lanceolate; Petals are usually purplish red with shallow serrations at the apex. The flowering period is from April to June. The fruiting period is from June to August.
Gardens are cultivated. Distributed in most parts of the country.
It can be collected in summer and autumn, usually before the flowers bloom. Cultivators can harvest 2-3 times a year, cut off the whole plant, remove weeds and soil, and dry in the sun.
Medicinal materials ① Dianthus chinensis
It is the dry whole grass of Dianthus caryophyllus, with a length of more than 30 cm, erect stems, light green to yellowish green, smooth and hairless, and slightly enlarged nodes. Most leaves are complete, opposite, linear or linear-lanceolate. The total length of the flower is about 3 ~ 4 cm, and there is a calyx with yellow membrane. The length of calyx tube is about 3/4 of the whole flower. The bracteoles under the calyx are pale yellow, which is about 1/4 of the calyx. Corolla apex deeply divided into thin lines, reddish or lavender. Sometimes you can see the capsule, which is rectangular, with shriveled appearance, cracked top and brown flat seeds. The stem is hollow, fragile and easily broken. Slight breath, slightly sweet taste.
② Dianthus caryophyllus
It is the dry whole grass of Dianthus caryophyllus. Similar to Dianthus caryophyllus, but the flower length is about 3 cm, the calyx tube is about 1/2 of the whole flower, the bracteoles under the calyx are about 1/2 of the calyx tube, and the corolla apex is serrated, brownish purple or brownish yellow.
The above two herbs are turquoise, dry, without weeds, roots and unopened.
Location: Hebei, Henan, Liaoning, Hubei and Jiangsu. It is also produced in Hunan, Zhejiang, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Anhui, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Fujian, Yunnan and Guangxi.
In addition to the above two species, the whole grass of other Dianthus plants, such as Dianthus northeast, Dianthus filiformis and Dianthus xing 'an, is also used as Dianthus paniculata. Dianthus orientalis is still used as Dianthus in Ningxia.
The chemical composition of fresh Dianthus caryophyllus contains 77.3% water, 2.62% crude protein, 13. 18% nitrogen-free extract, 4.95% crude fiber, 1 1.09% crude ash and 0./kloc. It also contains vitamin A substances, the content of which is 0.3333% calculated by vitamin A, and a small amount of alkaloids.
Carnation contains eugenol, phenylethanol, benzyl benzoate, benzyl salicylate and methyl salicylate. The whole plant contains saponins, sugars and vitamins. Roots contain saponins.
Pharmacological action ① diuretic action
Dianthus caryophyllus has a certain diuretic effect on rabbits, anesthetized dogs and non-anesthetized dogs. After oral administration of 2 g/kg Dianthus caryophyllus decoction, the urine volume and chloride content of rabbits with saline retention increased to 65,438 056.6% and 268.2% within 6 hours. The diuretic effect of Dianthus stems and spikes decoction is similar to that of pure spikes, but slightly weaker. Dianthus Dianthus decoction increased the urine volume of anesthetized dogs by 65,438 0 ~ 2.
② Influence on intestine
In the experiments of isolated rabbit intestine, anesthetized dog in situ and chronic intestinal fistula in dogs, it was observed that Qumai decoction had obvious exciting effect on the intestine. The isolated rabbit intestine mainly showed an increase in tension, while the anesthetized dog in situ and chronic intestinal fistula showed an increase in intestinal peristalsis, but the tension had little effect. The effect of curved wheat ear is slightly stronger than that of stem ear. Diphenhydramine and papaverine can antagonize this effect.
③ Influence on cardiovascular system.
Dianthus caryophyllus has a strong inhibitory effect on isolated frog heart and rabbit heart, and has a hypotensive effect on anesthetized dogs, which may be caused by cardiac inhibition.
④ Influence on schistosomiasis.
10% dianmai decoction can kill Schistosoma japonicum in vitro for 8 ~ 12 minutes; Rabbits infected with schistosomiasis were given 4 ml of 100% decoction once a day for four weeks. Although all the sick rabbits died one after another, compared with the control group, it was found that the residual insect rate decreased, the weight loss was slow, and the liver changes improved. It has also been reported that Dianthus chinensis has no killing effect on Schistosoma japonicum in vitro, and its maximum tolerance dose or semi-lethal dose 1/2 in vivo test has no effect on reducing the mortality rate of mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum and killing adults.
Processing, removing impurities, removing residual roots, washing, cooking, cutting into sections, and drying in the sun.
About Lei Gong's baking: "When using bamboo juice, soak it for one volt first, and then percolate it out to dry."
Bitter nature and cold nature.
(1) Classic: "The taste is astringent and cold."
② Don't record: "Xin, non-toxic."
③ Materia Medica: "Bitter taste, slightly cold."
Meridian enters the heart, kidney, small intestine and bladder meridian.
(1) Herbal Classic: Tongxin Classic
(2) Compendium of Materia Medica: "Starting with the two meridians of Shaoyin and Taiyang."
③ Yaojie, Changsha: "Entering the liver of foot Jueyin and the bladder meridian of foot Sun."
4 rejuvenation materia medica: "into the heart, spleen and kidney."
Function: clearing away heat and promoting diuresis, breaking blood and dredging menstruation. Treat urinary tract obstruction, gonorrhea, edema, amenorrhea, carbuncle, red eye and sore.
(1) Classic: "The essentials are to combine carbuncle, urine obstruction, pricking, carbuncle swelling, improving eyesight, eliminating carbuncle, abortion and combining blood."
② Don't record: "Nourish kidney qi, drive away bladder evil, stop cholera, and promote hair growth."
③ "Theory of Medicinal Properties": "Main five stranguria."
④ "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "Leaves: for treating hemorrhoid bleeding, ascaris lumbricoides in children, swelling and pain in eyes, pounded for treating immersion sores, and vulvar sores in women." Son: Give birth to children, treat amenorrhea, break blood clots and discharge pus. "
⑤ Materia Medica: "It is important to benefit the small intestine."
⑥ Modern Practical Chinese Medicine: "Treating edema, urine fever, astringent pain and bloody stranguria."
Oral administration and dosage: decocted, 1.5 ~ 3 yuan; I still took the pills and dispersed them. External use: grinding and dressing.
People with spleen and kidney qi deficiency and pregnant women are contraindicated.
(1) Notes on Materia Medica: "Grass and peony are used together. Ugliness is not diminished. "
2 Pinhui Essence: "Do not take it during pregnancy."
(3) The Classic of Materia Medica: "Anyone who has insufficient kidney qi and no heat in the small intestine should avoid it; Those who suffer from deficiency before and after delivery suffer from small water, which is forbidden by law. " Edema can cause swelling, but spleen deficiency is not allowed. "
Prescription ① is used to treat red urine or constipation, heat stranguria and blood stranguria: Herba Dianthi, Herba Polygoni Avicularis, Semen Plantaginis, Talcum, Fructus Gardeniae, Radix Glycyrrhizae (parched), Caulis Akebiae, and Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (simmered with slow fire, pulverized, cut into sections and baked) each 1 kg. Break up when you get up. Two yuan per serving, a glass of water, put in the wick, fry until seven minutes, remove the residue and take it after eating. Children do less than they can. ("Fang Ju" is eight positive three)
(2) Those who have trouble urinating have water vapor, and their people are bitter and thirsty: two ounces of Fructus Trichosanthis, three ounces of poria cocos and Chinese yam, one piece of aconite root (cannon) and one or two ounces of Yunnan wheat. On the five flavors, in the end, honey pills are big; Take three tablets three times a day. I don't know, add it to seven or eight tablets. It is famous for its small convenience and warmth in the abdomen. (synopsis of the golden chamber-kouqumai pill)
③ For patients with lower energizer fever, Huang Chi in urine, stranguria, or bleeding, both urine and stool are bleeding: Gardenia (peeled, fried) for half a second, one or two curved pulse spikes, and licorice (fried) for three points. The top is the bottom. Take five to seven dollars each time, a bowl of water, seven onions, fifty wicks, and five or seven slices of ginger, fry them until they are medium-cooked, and take them warm at any time. ("Fang Ju" Li Xiaosan)
(4) Treatment of fish umbilical sore swelling: Dianthus, cooked in oil, mashed. (A Compendium of Cui Shi)
⑤ Those who can't stop taking medicine due to blood disorder: Dianthus australis (raw Dianthus caryophyllus) has a big thumb (file), five jujubes (enucleated), one ginger (such as a big thumb), the little finger of Juncus Juncus is big, thirty gardenias (peeled) and half licorice (fried). Put a six-flavor file on it, put it in porcelain, add a bowl of water, and cook it until it is half a bowl. You can take it. ("South Tianzhu Drinking Record Shengji Zonglu")
⑥ Treat eye soreness such as redness, swelling and pain, and soaking. : Stir-fry the koji until the end, and apply it to the corner of your eyes with goose saliva or with mashed juice. (Sheng Huifang)
Famous experts discuss ① "Outline": "In ancient times, it was difficult to give birth to a doctor, and there was Dianthus soup; Nantianzhu Powder is used to treat nine-hole hemorrhage, and also to break blood and help resuscitation. "
② "Herbal Classic Shu": "The winding pulse, bitterness and bitterness can break blood, descend due to yin cold, and can dredge the lower orifices to urinate, so urine is mainly blocked due to extremely hot small intestine. Cold can dissipate heat, but pungent can disperse the knot, so the carbuncle must be swollen. In addition to damp heat, we must also clear our eyes to the nebula. Han Xin broke the blood, so it broke the fetus, aborted the child and sealed the blood. Removing kidney heat, so the cloud nourishes the kidney. People who drive away the evil bladder meridian will also release damp heat. " Dampness and heat can cause excess heat, so it is clear and turbid, which is cholera. If the damp heat is removed, cholera will disappear on its own. "
(3) "Materia Medica": "Curved pulse, slippery, can pass urine, reduce yin fire, remove five stranguria, and benefit blood vessels. Cold medicine also eliminates eye swelling and pain; Blood-nourishing drugs can dredge meridians, break blood and produce sperm. It can be used for diseases such as damp-heat and pain in the lower energizer. "
(4) Materia Medica Justice: "The winding pulse is yin and cold in nature, and it has no other use except dampness and fever. In this meridian, except for the eyes, it is said that nourishing the kidney, so the evil heat is clear and the true yin is complex, and the useless fruit can nourish the yin. Puncture, termination and abortion are all severe. Don't record it, also known as its main cholera, which means that damp and heat can not distinguish turbidity, and it is thought to be used for eliminating dampness, not for controlling yin and cold. " Rihua "refers to its main five stranguria, menstrual impassability;" Jing Yue said that the combination of cold medicine can also eliminate the swelling and pain of eyes, while the combination of blood medicine can break the blood and give birth to a baby, and promote the damp heat in the lower jiao; Stone stubborn refers to the monarch drug that facilitates urination; "Rihua" also said that its leaves are used to treat hemorrhoids, bleeding, swelling and toxic blisters, all of which are used to clear heat and guide stagnation, but it is appropriate to treat excess heat. Kou Zongshuang said, knowing only the small intestine, the heart meridian is hot and the small intestine is deficient, so it is not suitable for use. Stone obstinacy, also known as dysuria and spleen edema after pregnancy, is prohibited. It is reported that some elderly people suffer from qi stagnation, which is not due to the accumulation of damp heat. Therefore, it is forbidden to use the method of dispersing qi, strengthening the five meridians and entering the right, which only consumes body fluid. "
Remind you: the traditional Chinese medicine Qumai comes from the Internet. Please follow the doctor's advice before use.