Tips in this chapter
The texts of Chinese textbooks for grades 7-9 involve essays, novels, poems, plays and other forms, and the contents are all-encompassing. Most of them are classic works of various periods, which are typical and have strong demonstration significance for our writing. At the same time, as classic materials, they also have strong versatility. This chapter selects several famous essays and poems, and demonstrates how to refine classic materials and apply them from many angles.
When studying this chapter, we should focus on: the methods of sorting and classifying classic texts; How to use and expand materials from multiple angles; When writing, how to graft propositions with such materials.
Overview of methods
Chinese textbooks have always been based on selected masterpieces and excellent essays, which provide us with a lot of writing materials and exquisite writing methods. The use of classic teaching materials, we can start from the following three aspects.
First, skillfully borrow the relevant content of the textbook? title
The title is the eye of the article. Novel and special topics will certainly attract the attention of marking teachers among many unremarkable topics. The titles of many texts in the textbook are very distinctive and can be modified, copied or used as the titles of articles written. For example, when the title of the composition "Family" was put forward, the title "From indifference to deep gratitude" was drawn up by imitating "From Baicaoyuan to San Tan Yin Yue"; When giving the title of the essay "competition", it is very intriguing to draw up "from' failure alone' to cooperation success"
Not only the topics in the textbook can be used as topics, but also some sentences in the textbook can be used flexibly as topics. For example, to write a composition on the topic of "paying attention to life", you can write "Let the brainstorming come more violently!" Obviously, this topic is flexible classroom. In Haiyan, "let the storm come more violently!" " Made of.
Second, imitate the ideas of some texts and write your own articles.
One of the requirements for "innovation" in the composition of senior high school entrance examination is "ingenious conception", so we can imitate the unique conception of some texts in Chinese textbooks and write our own articles according to the composition requirements. This silent imitation can often win the favor of the marking teacher. For example, a perfect composition imitates the description of catching birds in the snow in From a Hundred Herbs Garden to a Moon in San Tan, closely following the word "fun". Especially, several verbs are used in the article, which describes the process of playing bungee jumping, "eagle catching chickens", "cockfighting" and "swinging" with friends on a flat land behind their house when they were young, which has been highly praised by the marking teacher. There are full marks? The article wrote that "I" went home on Sunday, and after my mother was busy with "I", "I" watched TV with peace of mind. My mother urged me to go back to school several times, but I didn't bother to move. In the end, it was too late. I grabbed my schoolbag and ran outside, but my mother stopped me and insisted on nailing a button for me. "I" was anxious, annoyed and helpless. But just as my mother bowed her head and bit off the thread for me, I suddenly saw her white hair and rough fingers. My heart was dug out and tears swirled in my eyes. This article is about your own affairs, but its ideas, even details, can't be seen from Zhu Ziqing's Back.
In addition, you can also change the angle, including changing the person and narrative style, and form your own new text.
example
The long river sets the yen, the desert is lonely, and the dusk in Yumen is so magnificent, and the distance is boundless. The afterglow of the sunset pierced the bloody sunset, swaying with the sad cry of Guihong and shining on my haggard face. I have been away from home for three years. Whenever dusk comes, I always like to come to the top of the city wall and stare at the sunset.
I took out my wallet from my sleeve, and the elegant red line on the red wallet was embroidered with two beautiful words: peace. My ex-husband sewed this for me himself. She said that she went to Laihe Temple specially and asked for an amulet for me to sew in this wallet.
-In 2009, the Beijing senior high school entrance examination scored a perfect composition "The battle is not over".
Comments: This is the masterpiece of Fan Zhongyan's poem "The Fisherman's Pride". "Qiu Lai scenery, hengyang geese to nobody's attention. The voices from all directions, rising from the corner, are thousands of miles away. Long smoke and sunset, isolated city closed. A glass of turbid wine is Wan Li's home, but Ran Yan hasn't come home yet. There is frost everywhere, so people can't sleep. Is the general white-haired and sobbing? " Compared with the original word, in the first paragraph, we can still see the shadow of the original word, while in the second paragraph, we changed a new angle, changed a narrative way, and had innovation, which was carried out with the theme of the word and did not deviate from Wan Li.
Third, turn to the materials in the text and write new ideas.
Borrowing old themes from textbooks and using clever skills can still write new ideas. The senior high school entrance examination in recent years can be said to be tried and tested. There are three ways to turn over the old and new themes and make the article look brand-new:
1. Extract the essence. Analyze the material before use, grasp its main idea, and then according to? If necessary, select the important part to use.
example
I like long papers. All kinds of books are my favorites. The fun of reading and her husband's communication, between the sun and the moon, Ouyang Xiu told me the connotation of "endless learning, getting lower and lower"; Reading and my husband feel the joy of nature, and I feel the breath of spring. Reading and her husband's emotional pleasure, Yuan Zhen's sentence "Once the sea is difficult for water, it will always be amber" shows the perseverance of many loyal officials and foolish men. "My mind is full of poems and books." When I was discouraged, books became my best mentor and encouraged me.
-The full score of the senior high school entrance examination composition "Encourage yourself"
Comment on the key sentences extracted from poems by candidates, which concentrated on expressing the theme of ancient celebrities' reading and deepened the theme.
It is a good method to borrow some characters or events from the text to reveal the main idea of a new topic or express one's own views. This kind of composition is not only not old, but also often praised for its ideological thickness. For example, in the excellent composition "Heroes are Great" in the senior high school entrance examination in 2009, the author selected Xiang Yu, Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Li Bai, Shi, and other examples from the textbook. Once these examples are quoted by the author, they become their own language, either specifically or generally, each with its own merits.
2. Newly-compiled stories, which are combined with reality and cleverly spliced.
The newly compiled story expresses the author's own thoughts, feelings or opinions with the help of the words and deeds of the characters in the textbook. The so-called "new compilation" is based on the behavior, personality and language style of the original characters. Overimagination, or splicing stories into real life, or shifting the focus of teaching materials, or magnifying the details closely related to the text, or thinking reversely, playing the pipa, or reasonably "adding branches and leaves", introducing characters that are not in the original text, or changing the narrative angle, writing new plots, or expressing new intentions different from the original text, and so on. This kind of writing can give people a sense of familiarity and freshness. In the college entrance examination composition, this kind of composition is the most eye-catching.
For example, in 2009, the Monkey King and I traveled in space written by a candidate in Guangdong Province, the author organically combined the images of Journey to the West and the Monkey King with modern life (space), while the Monkey King's modal tone was similar to the original, but he said hilarious modern words, such as "Of course I know? That's the Andromeda galaxy, where Chang 'e manages, and so on. , very practical, got full marks. In 2008, Jiangxi examinee wrote "Sometimes, I also want to be beautiful", which is a bold fiction based on the story about Zhao Jun leaving the fort in Du Fu's "Yong Huai Bei". The article describes Zhao Jun's visit to the fortress. Wang Zhaojun's personality charm is fully displayed through vivid description of characters and with the help of specific historical and natural environment. She is beautiful not only externally, but also internally.
Classical text materials are extremely rich, so you must choose the right angle when using them. In addition to directly using materials to interpret the theme of the composition, we can also start with improving rhetoric, enhancing persuasiveness, drawing lessons from writing methods, expanding imagination and investigating characters.
we? Look at an example of expanding imagination.
example
God's darling
-"A New Biography of Dong Shi"
I went down in history with an ugly name. But for thousands of years, I have been depressed and unhappy!
It is said that from that day on, I was laughed at by people at that time because I learned the frown and illness of the beautiful girl next door, and also created an idiom for me, so I stayed at home and spent all day in Lacrimosa. (However, although I don't think about tea and rice, I haven't lost weight. ) I don't understand that when history is so abnormal, smelly men are still pitiful and compassionate, and everyone wants to be "Bao Ge"! As for me, I just studied and imitated it. Why does it cause so much dissatisfaction and irony? I know because I gave birth to one? You look pale and depressed! I can't help blaming my parents' carelessness and God's injustice. God must have been distracted when he created me, otherwise my five senses would be so rough and dislocated!
I must settle accounts with God! A strong desire occupied my heart, and I decided to go to God at all costs to find out what I had lost!
After waiting for thousands of years, I finally got on the Shenzhou-10 manned spaceship and flew to God's "Happy Palace". God's home is not ordinary beauty, it is difficult to describe it in words! Although I was jealous, I didn't want to stay long, so I went directly to the Blissful Hall. Hey, who is that old man sitting in the garden with his eyes closed? It's God! So, I dressed myself, stepped forward and coughed and said, God, you are carefree, too! Why not go to the folk to observe the sufferings? I, Dong Shi, grew up like this because of your negligence, and suffered from people's eyes and ridicule. You should make a decision for me! "Say, can't help but sad, tears stream down obsessively, wet my skirt. God opened his eyes, smiled at me and listened to me. After I got my chest out, he said slowly, "My poor child, you have been living in everyone's eyes for so many years. You lost yourself and woven a cage of self-restraint. You have never found your own advantages and highlights from yourself! "Then, God said slowly," Everything is born in the world and has its own value. You see, in this garden, grass is not as beautiful as flowers, but? But without grass, the beauty of flowers will not stand out. What about you, don't imitate others, don't envy others, hurry out of this small world of self, find your own strengths and advantages, help others and serve the world, and you will reap the love and respect that people deserve! " Say that finish, god waved his sleeves and closed his eyes.
After listening to God's words, I froze there. ...
After I came back from God, I reflected on myself and examined myself. I have a strong body and enough strength, so I finished my work in my field and helped my neighbor Li Nainai's family. My voice is very tactful. When I sing, I not only make myself happy, but also give the working people a happy enjoyment. Ah, I also stepped onto the stage of the Avenue of Stars. Me, do you understand? My eyes, my needlework and embroidered flowers can attract butterflies to fly and be shortlisted for international awards. ...
Haha, I always smile. I walked out of my little world and accepted various media interviews. I am no longer synonymous with ugliness. I am the embodiment of personality and the representative of women in the new era.
On this day, I received a greeting card from heaven: "You are my darling-a gift from an angel, congratulations!" " "
-2009 Linyi College Entrance Examination Full Score Composition
After reading this masterpiece in the examination room, people can't help laughing, but also hide their own ideas, which is worth tasting.
This composition adopts a new story writing method to express the theme, which is a bold innovation and a success for young authors. Taking the classic story "Dong Shi Effective" as the starting point, this paper weaves the story that Dong Shi is distressed and angry because of his ugly appearance, so that he wants to ask God for advice, and then he is inspired and encouraged by God to reflect on himself, get out of the small world of self-restraint and realize the value of life, and vividly expounds the theme connotation to be expressed. The little author travels through time and space, imagining strangely, and the story application is not limited to the old model (the image of God is not sacred but full of human feelings); The little author is good at spreading stories, trying to render Dong Shi's distress and grievances, and preparing for the following plot changes. Articles such as "Original", "Beautiful Girl" and "Shenzhou 10" are humorous and vivid, with the characteristics of the times.
3. substitute stealthily and connect in series boldly.
In order to meet the requirements of different themes and styles, it is necessary to cut the material appropriately so that it can be properly used in different compositions. Transformation and grafting are common methods.
Replacing trees with flowers refers to skillfully cutting and using famous sentences in textbooks and connecting them together to "serve us". Please see a passage in Jiangsu examinee's perfect composition "Leng Xiang flies to Chinese": "If you don't return to a river, you will be a romantic figure through the ages. Chinese is expressed from the ancient population. Chinese was shouted by Zhang Fei at Dangyang Bridge. Chinese is written by Fan Zhongyan who cares about the country and the people. China people echoed on the pipa strings of Xunyang Jiangtou. Chinese takes us to Taohuayuan and experiences magic and adventure on the bluestone board in Jingyanggang. Let us deeply feel the feelings of "the deceased is like a husband", the generosity of "the old horse crouches, aiming at a thousand miles", and the bleak of "the autumn frost flies late, leaving the residual lotus to listen to the rain" ... "Many famous sentences, scenes and plots in the text come from textbooks? The author just skillfully cuts, blends and integrates them for his own use.
Let's look at another example.
example
We walked together.
"I said that you are an April day on earth, laughter lights up the winds around you, and you dance lightly in the spring." Since I met you, you seem to have been weaving literary dreams for me. At that time, I was ignorant and always loved to hear you recite quatrains, turn heavy rain into ancient rhyme, and draw ink paintings in my heart. Is it a dream of red mansions? Is it Su Xiaomei? Is it a land tour? Is it Li Taibai? There are too many, which makes me feel that the days we have passed together are like a grand peach blossom banquet belonging to literature, sweet and moist. You are so deep, elegant and talented.
"Staring at, are you investigating Chihiro? Birds; In listening, you are listened to as a flute with a thousand holes. " I remember you said you would take our children to Beijing to see if a famous school like Tsinghua Peking University is worth fighting for. I remember you said that learning sometimes lies not in cleverness, but in persistence. I also remember that you read Jason's My Four Seasons: "If one can expect something, one can go all out." I will never forget that firm voice. At that time, it was midsummer, and the phoenix tree fell into a cool green, paving the way for the light and shadow we walked together. You are such a passionate, diligent and tireless person.
"It's the sadness of lonely autumn, and it's the acacia in the far sea. If someone asks me what's on my mind, I dare not say your name. " Three years with you is as short as a sleep, but it is in this sleep that you let? The wind sent me a happy dream. In my dream, you taught me literary knowledge, learned knowledge, and more importantly, you taught me self-confidence and struggle. Now that I think about it, the time we passed together was like a cool misty rain, which sprinkled on my brow in front of the flowers. Such you, such persuasion, let me remember you.
"May your future be bright, may you have a lover and may you be happy in the world." A song is tender, is it your erhu string sound? Have your dreams been saturated by the imaginary river running far away? Sit down for a while and have a sip of "Biluochun" before you go. The days we walked together are over, and I will spend the whole spring saying goodbye to you.
Dear teacher, please allow me to thank you by changing Lan Shu's "country wine" at last? I have experienced these three years:
In the past three years, you have instilled literature in me. I am in the prime of life, you are strong and spring is strong; Three years later, I recalled you in the examination room. You are a glass of clear water wine, full of you and full of thoughts.
We walked that road together. Where is it?
I hurried by, not knowing whether it was sour or slightly bitter. ...
-2009 Nantong Senior High School Entrance Examination Full Score Composition
The classic materials used to comment on this masterpiece are rich. Lin's You Are the April Day on Earth, Luo's Doors and Windows, Zhang Jie's My Four Seasons and Country Wine have all been cut and appropriately combined with the narrative of the article, especially at the end. In order to thank the teacher for his education in the past three years, I changed and rewritten the country wine to express my inner uniqueness.
When writing, there are many ways to skillfully use textbook materials and innovate, which require students to gradually experience and enrich in writing practice. Don't sigh that there is no material available when writing, and don't complain that the material is not new. In fact, each of us has a golden mountain. If we use our "heart" to discover it, we may be able to achieve "one view" from "Chen Yan" and stand out in the examination room.
1. The text is rich in connotation. Many texts can be interpreted from different levels and sides, which greatly enriches our material warehouse, but it may also make us feel at a loss when writing. Therefore, we must carefully organize the materials and think about which angles the materials can be used and which topics are closely related.
2. Don't stick to words. The classic materials used in composition can be boldly cut and flexibly used to better serve the composition requirements. It is an important step to ponder the essence of these materials carefully, and it is also important to determine the appropriate methods. To be good at combining materials and superposing similar classic materials, the effect will be better than that of a single material.
3. Before the senior high school entrance examination, please use the method of sorting out classic materials introduced in the first chapter to sort out some classic written materials, and write ideas in combination with the actual senior high school entrance examination, so as to be familiar with the application direction of these materials as much as possible. In this chapter, we will list several commonly used classic text materials, and have composition examples. I hope you can learn more from others and think more.
In the usual Chinese learning, we have accumulated a lot of materials, which should be sorted out in different categories, such as philosophy of life, beauty of nature, beauty of love and so on, so as to facilitate the use of the materials in the composition of the senior high school entrance examination.