Significance of Discovery of Mawangdui Site and Yinxu Site

The excavation of Mawangdui Han Tomb provides extremely important physical materials for studying the development of handicrafts and science and technology in the early Western Han Dynasty, as well as the history, culture and social life at that time, which is of great value to the historical and scientific research in China, and its unearthed cultural relics are extremely precious. According to textual research, the silk book Fifty-two Prescriptions for Diseases unearthed from Tomb No.3 may be earlier than Huangdi Neijing (written in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period), which records 52 diseases, mentions more than 100 diseases, and has more than 280 prescriptions and more than 240 drugs used. This is the earliest prescription that can be seen in China now. The discovery of 52 prescriptions for diseases supplements the medical contents before Neijing and is a very precious medical heritage. More than 3,000 precious cultural relics have been unearthed from the three Han tombs in Mawangdui, most of which are well preserved. Among them, more than 500 pieces of various lacquerware are beautifully made, luxuriantly decorated and as bright as new. What is precious is a large number of silk fabrics in Tomb No.1, which are well protected. There are many varieties, such as silk, silk, silk, yarn, brocade and so on. There is a plain gauze dress, as light as smoke and as thin as cicada wings. Length 1.28 meters, long sleeves, weighing only 49 grams. Its knitting skill is superb, which is really ingenious. The unearthed silk paintings are the earliest existing large-scale works in China that describe the real life at that time. There are also colorful figurines, musical instruments, weapons, seals, silk books and other treasures. The painted lacquer coffin in the No.1 Han Tomb is as bright as new, and the top paint is painted with flowing water and animal monsters, with complex shape, vivid posture and high artistic level. A large number of silk books with 654.38+ 10,000 words unearthed from Tomb No.3 are rare historical documents. Silk books involve ancient philosophy, history and science and technology. After sorting, * * * has 28 kinds of books,120,000 words. There are also several books, most of which are lost. The topographic map unearthed from the No.2 Han Tomb is similar to the modern map in drawing technology and marking position. It has been exhibited in the United States, Japan, Poland and other countries and is highly praised as an "amazing discovery". According to the description of lacquerware, seal and seal, it is inferred that the first tomb is Li Cang's wife, the second tomb is Li Cang himself and the third tomb is Li Cang's son. The time between the three tombs is about 20 years. Tomb No.1 is 20 meters deep from the top of the tomb to the tomb. The coffin chamber is built at the bottom of the tomb pit and consists of three coffins (outer coffins, middle coffins and inner coffins), three coffins (outer coffins, middle coffins and inner coffins) and skids. Charcoal is filled around and above the wooden coffin, with a thickness of 30-40 cm, which is about 65438+100000 Jin. The outside of charcoal is filled and sealed with white paste with a thickness of 60- 130 cm. A complete female corpse (Xin Zhui, wife of Li Cang) preserved for more than 265,438+000 years was unearthed in the coffin. The corpse is 154cm long, with complete appearance, moist and soft body, some hair remains, some joints are flexible, and many soft tissues are plump, soft and elastic. The internal organs of the found corpse remain intact and their relative positions are basically normal. This is the longest preserved wet corpse in the world. Ruins of Yin Ruins: Since the discovery of Oracle Bone Inscriptions in 1899 and the scientific excavation of Yin Ruins in 1928, a large number of architectural ruins and rich cultural remains of the capital, represented by Oracle Bone Inscriptions and bronzes, have been discovered in Yin Ruins, showing the splendid bronze civilization of China in the late Shang Dynasty and establishing the position of Yin Ruins as the first ancient capital with reliable written records in China. In the past century, with the deepening of archaeological excavations, the scope and connotation of Yin Ruins are still expanding. Especially in recent years, the archaeological discoveries of Yin ruins are still shocking, such as Guojiazhuang in 1990, Jiagujiao Cave in the east of Garden Village in 19 1, Huanbei Shopping Mall in 1999 and Garden Village in 200 1. According to the current excavation of Yin Ruins and the existing regional judgment, there are bound to be a large number of cultural remains undiscovered within the scope of Yin Ruins, which will inevitably bring people new knowledge and treasures. With the deepening of archaeological excavation and scientific research, the scope of Yin Ruins will be further expanded, and the common cultural heritage of mankind will be further protected.