China prehistoric culture can be divided into five stages: Youchao, Suirenshi, Fuxi, Shennong and Huangdi. The real architecture started from the Yellow Emperor. During this period, with the development of society, settlements as units appeared. In the settlement, residents' bedrooms are the main buildings, as well as large houses, squares and other building facilities for residents' public activities. These facilities serve all residents, so they are all open, that is to say, there is no hierarchy in this period.
About 2 1 year BC, mankind entered the era of civilization (slave society), and the earliest country was born in the form of urban architecture. The city at this time is different from prehistoric times. It has become a military facility, a political center and a stage for political activities of controllers. That is, there was a saying of "building a city to protect the monarch" at that time, and the city appeared as the opposite of the people, and all the designs of the city reflected the above ideas.
2。 The hierarchy of people reflected by the social hierarchy in ancient China.
In ancient China, "civilization formed" and entered the "country", so did cities. At that time, the city was the ruling center of the country. This was the case with the "cities" in Xia, Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties, and it was also the case until the Qing Dynasty. This is the embodiment of the whole ancient hierarchy.
3。 The Central Idea in China's Ancient Architecture
In China's traditional thought, everything is impartial, which is the so-called golden mean. In architecture, it is the idea of being in the middle. It is said that China is the most expensive.
4 。 The "high" thought of China's ancient architecture.
From the beginning of slave society to the end of Qing Dynasty, China society embodied a strict hierarchical system, and people were divided into high and low. And this is reflected in the architecture, which shows the design idea of "high".
5。 The "Supreme" Design Thought in China Ancient Architecture
The pre-design idea of China's ancient architecture is mainly manifested in the position of the main hall in the palace complex and the architectural pattern of "front facing and rear sleeping" and "front facing and rear room" embodied in the main hall of the Great Dynasty.
6。 Design concept of "harmony between man and nature"
The ancient emperor was called "the son of heaven", which means that he ruled the people on behalf of heaven, so he called the country he ruled "the world". The son of heaven is the link between heaven and earth, so in architectural planning, it is necessary to "take heaven as the law" and the son of heaven is among them. Then, according to the design concept of "Heaven", the political center-the capital was built. It can be seen from the names of palaces in various dynasties. Weiyang Palace, the palace of Chang 'an City in Han Dynasty, is also called "Purple Palace" or "Wei Zi Palace", which was originally the name of the constellation. This name was also called the Forbidden City in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and its roots were the Purple Palace and the Imperial Residence.
In the same building, the idea of "harmony between man and nature" is also embodied through "the sky is round", which means "heaven", and the floor of the house is square, which represents "earth" and people live in it, thus showing the philosophical thought of harmony between man and nature.
The idea of "the unity of heaven and man" is to divide heaven and earth into two parts, with people as the main body, such as "Zuo Zu You She" and "Zhong" as "palaces", "Zuo Zu" living in the east as "Yang" and "Tian", and "You She" living in the west as "Yin" and "Di", and the palace is occupied by the emperor. In fact, "vestibular bedroom" and "vestibular bedroom" are the "yang" of the former and the "yin" of the latter. Yang is the sky, Yin is the earth, people live in it, and heaven and earth are integrated. In short, this idea is deeply rooted in the ancient architecture of China.