In ancient times, Guangzhou was once the ancient capital of three dynasties. At the beginning of Han Dynasty, Zhao Tuo established Nanyue State in Guangzhou. By the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the "Southern Han Kingdom" appeared here; In addition, the "Nanming" dynasty mentioned in the literary masterpiece Peach Blossom Fan (founded in the late Ming Dynasty, the regime lasted only 40 days) also established its capital in Guangzhou. Guangzhou is an international metropolis full of modernity, vitality and a long history. It is one of the first 24 famous historical and cultural cities in China announced by the State Council, and it is also an excellent tourist city in China. Here are beautiful mountains and rivers, beautiful scenery, natural landscape and human landscape complement each other, and the streets and lanes set off the modern urban landscape, which is a place worth visiting.
Population, religion, nationality
The total registered population of Wanwan Guangzhou at the end of the year was 7.251.900, an increase of 55,600 over the end of last year. Among them, the urban population is 5,882,600, and the population of county-level cities is1369,300; The city's agricultural population is 2,293,600 and the non-agricultural population is 4,933,200.
Guangzhou has a long history of religions, including Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism and Christianity. Except Taoism, which is the local religion in China, others were introduced from abroad. Buddhism was first introduced to Guangzhou (AD 255), followed by Taoism (AD 306), Islam was introduced in the early Tang Dynasty, and Catholicism and Christianity were introduced to Guangzhou in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties respectively. Guangzhou has a profound religious and cultural heritage. By the end of 2003, there were 53 sites for religious activities registered and opened according to law with the approval of the government, including the Catholic Sacred Heart Cathedral, the Notre Dame Catholic Church, the Islamic Huaisheng Temple and the Xiaoguang Buddhist Temple, four national key cultural relics protection units. There are two provincial-level key cultural relics protection units, namely the Buddhist Liurong Temple and the ancient tomb of Islamic sages; There are also 8 municipal key cultural relics protection units.
There are about 260,000 religious believers in Guangzhou, accounting for 2.62% of the city's total population, including 654.38+million Buddhists, 654.38+million Taoists, 654.38+million Islamists, 5,000 Catholics and 45,000 Christians. There are more than 240 people who specialize in religious professions.
According to the statistics of the fifth census in 2000, the resident population of ethnic minorities in Guangzhou is138,900, and the floating population of ethnic minorities is about 70,000. The total population of ethnic minorities in Guangzhou exceeds 200,000, accounting for 1.97% of the total population. * * * There are 52 ethnic minorities, of which Hui and Manchu are ethnic minorities living in Guangzhou, and Zhuang, Tujia, Miao and Yao have 1 10,000 people. The work of ethnic minorities in cities is mainly concentrated in manufacturing, wholesale and retail, catering, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, social service and construction. There are three ethnic primary schools in the city-Huimin Primary School, Manchu Primary School and She Village Primary School, and there is also a village inhabited by ethnic minorities-She Village, Zhengguo Town, Zengcheng City, with 60 households and 3 17 people. There are 1 1 minority mass organizations in Guangzhou, including the National Unity and Progress Association, the Minority Intellectuals Association, and the history of Manchu Culture Research Association.
administrative division
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the administrative subordination and administrative divisions of Guangzhou have undergone several major changes and adjustments.
1949 10 Guangzhou 14 was liberated in June and was once a municipality directly under the central government; 1950 changed to the leader of the Central South Military and Political Commission; 1954 was placed under the leadership of Guangdong Province and changed to a provincial municipality.
In the early days of liberation, Guangzhou was divided into 28 districts, including 20 urban districts, 7 suburban districts and aquatic 1 district (Zhujiang District). There are 12 1 administrative streets (sections), 4 townships and 2 towns below the district. 1950 adjusted the administrative divisions, and 28 districts were merged into 16 districts, including 8 in the urban area, 1 water area (Zhujiang District) and 7 in the suburbs. 1952 and 10 were adjusted again, and the original eight urban areas were merged into five, and the Pearl River area was still retained; The original seven suburbs were merged into three, and the administrative units below the municipal area were merged into 86 administrative streets and 1 township. 1958, the city people's commune was established, and it was decided to divide the city into eight people's communes, including four in the urban area and four in the suburbs, with branches below the commune. This decision to change the administrative system was not fully implemented later. August 1960, the organizational system of the following districts was restored. These four urban areas are named Yuexiu District, Dongshan District, Haizhu District and Liwan District respectively. The three suburbs are Huangpu District, Fangcun District and Jiangcun District. This year, Huaxian County and Conghua County, which originally belonged to Foshan area, were transferred to Guangzhou. 196 1, Fogang County, which originally belonged to Shaoguan area, was assigned to Guangzhou City (1963 was assigned to Shaoguan area). 1 May, 962, three suburbs merged into1suburb. 1973, Huangpu district was re-divided from the suburbs. 1975, Panyu County, Zengcheng County, Longmen County of Huiyang District and Xinfeng County of Shaoguan District, which were originally from Foshan District, were included in Guangzhou City. 1983 Qingyuan County and Fogang County in Shaoguan area were placed under Guangzhou City. 1985 set aside some areas from the suburbs of Guangzhou to set up Tianhe District and Fangcun District. 1987 65438+ 10 The suburb of Guangzhou was renamed Baiyun District. 1988, the administrative divisions of Guangzhou changed greatly. 65438+On June 7th, with the consent of the State Council, Longmen County in Guangzhou was placed under the jurisdiction of Huizhou City, Xinfeng County was placed under the jurisdiction of Shaoguan City, Qingyuan County was revoked and Fogang County in Guangzhou was placed under the jurisdiction of Qingyuan City. 1May, 1992, with the approval of the State Council, Panyu County was abolished and Panyu City (county level) was established. 1June, 1993 and1June, February, the State Council approved the cancellation of Huaxian County and Zengcheng County respectively, and the establishment of Huadu City (county level) and Zengcheng City (county level). 1March, 1994, with the approval of the State Council, Conghua County was abolished and Conghua City (county level) was established. In June 2000, with the approval of the State Council, Panyu City (county level) and Huadu City (county level) were abolished respectively, and Panyu District and Huadu District were established. At this point, Guangzhou * * * governs 10 District and 2 cities (county level).
The development of history
Bay Bay Guangzhou was called "Chuting" in ancient times. According to historical records, as early as the Zhou Dynasty in the 9th century BC, the "Baiyue Clan" living here had close contacts with Chu people in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The locals used "Chu Pavilion" to commemorate this friendship, which was the earliest name of Guangzhou.
The construction of Guangzhou City Wall began in Qin Dynasty. At that time, Nanhai county magistrate Ren Tao led the army to pacify Baiyue, and built a city here, named Ren Tao. Later, the name of Cheng Xiao was changed to Panyu City, which is located near today's Biancang Street. Later, Zhao Tuo established Nanyue State and expanded Panyu City again. During the Three Kingdoms period, Soochow was divided into Guangzhou and Panyu was under the jurisdiction of Guangzhou. Since then, the name of Guangzhou has officially appeared. Guangzhou has a long history and is the starting point of the Maritime Silk Road, so it has left many historical sites. There are mainly zhenhai tower, Wuxian Temple, Nanyue King's Tomb, Chenjia Temple, Liu Rong Temple, Guangxiao Temple, Huaisheng Temple, Shishi and so on.
Guangzhou is famous in modern history. Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, Huanghuagang, Martyrs Cemetery, Lu Xun Memorial Hall, Peasant Movement Workshop, Sanyuanli Anti-British Site and the former site of Whampoa Military Academy are the witnesses of Guangzhou's modern history.
physical geography
Bay Bay Guangzhou is the capital of Guangdong Province and the center of politics, economy, science and technology, education and culture in Guangdong Province. Guangzhou is located in the south of Chinese mainland, south-central Guangdong Province, on the northern edge of the Pearl River Delta, close to the lower reaches of the Pearl River Basin. Its range is 1 12 degrees 57 minutes east to 1 14 degrees 3 minutes north to 22 degrees 26 minutes north to 23 degrees 56 minutes. It is adjacent to Boluo and Longmen counties in Huizhou in the east, Sanshui, Nanhai and Shunde districts in Foshan in the west, Qingyuan, Fogang and Xinfeng counties in Shaoguan in the north, Dongguan and Zhongshan in the south, and faces Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions across the sea.
Due to the numerous islands and dense waterways in the Pearl River Estuary, including Humen, Hengmen and Modaomen, Guangzhou has become an excellent seaport for ocean transportation in China and the import and export shore of the Pearl River Basin. Guangzhou is also the intersection of Beijing-Guangzhou, Guangzhou-Shenzhen, Guang Mao and Guangzhou-Meishan railways, and the civil aviation transportation center in South China, with very close ties with all parts of the country. Therefore, Guangzhou is called the "South Gate" of China.
city planning
Wan Wan has vigorously promoted the construction of urban environmental landscape and formed a multi-level greening system. Natural scenery and garden features are readily available. The scenery on both sides of the Pearl River is very beautiful. There are many scenic spots and tourism projects in Guangzhou, and the tourism resources are more abundant.
Guangzhou is also known as the "shopping paradise", with a wide range of goods. Not only that, Guangzhou is also a gourmet metropolis and the birthplace of Cantonese cuisine. Restaurants and restaurants all over the city, as well as various modern and traditional cuisines, make the reputation of "food in Guangzhou" deserved.
General situation of city
After more than 2,000 years of changes, Guangzhou has developed into a multi-functional and comprehensive mega-city, the political, economic and cultural center of Guangdong Province, an important coastal port city open to the outside world in China, and a famous tourist city in southern China. As a member of world association of major metropolises, Guangzhou is committed to building a modern international city.
economic construction
Guangzhou is an important coastal port city for China to open to the outside world, and also the starting point of the ancient Maritime Silk Road in China. For more than two thousand years, Guangzhou has never stopped its foreign trade activities. This is a veritable international commercial city. Millennium Port City has accumulated a profound commercial culture for Guangzhou, and is the center of people flow, logistics, capital flow and information flow. Today, Guangzhou still plays an important role in China's commerce. It is the venue of China Export Commodities Fair, the first exhibition in China, attracting numerous merchants from all over the world every year.
cultural education
Before September 2005, the new campus of Guangzhou University, namely Guangzhou University Town, was fully completed. It is located in Xiaoguwei Island and Nan 'an District, Xinjian Town, Panyu District, with Luoxi Island in the west, Biological Island in the north and cheung chau island in the east. It is about17km away from Guangzhou downtown and17km away from the planned Guangzhou New Town. The site is located on the south extension axis of Guangzhou, in the metropolitan area, and there are historical sites such as Huangpu Military Academy, Yuyin Mountain House, Baomo Garden, Guangzhou International Convention and Exhibition Center and Guangzhou Biological Island nearby. Guangzhou University Town has a planned total area of 43.3 square kilometers and a planned total population of 350,000-400,000. The recently completed Xiaoguwei Island is about 18 square kilometers, divided into five campus groups, and will be stationed in Sun Yat-sen University, South China University of Technology, South China Normal University, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Xinghai Conservatory of Music, Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts, etc./kloc-0.5 million students. According to the master plan, Guangzhou University Town will be built into a modern, ecological and national first-class university park with strong cultural atmosphere and distinctive features, which is geared to the development of market economy and Guangzhou's status as an international metropolis, is a center for the training of senior talents and scientific research exchange in South China in 2 1 century, and integrates learning, research and production.
The construction sequence of Guangzhou University Town is to build Xiaoguwei Island in the near future and Nan 'an District in the long term. Xiaoguwei Island has a total construction area of more than 7 million square meters and will be built in two phases. In the first stage, the first batch of 30,000 students will be guaranteed to live in the buildings and urban basic municipal facilities necessary for the start of school in September 2004, with a total investment of about 654.38+05 billion yuan (including land acquisition), including 654.38+039 campus buildings with a total area of about 2.2 million square meters, the total length of municipal roads is about 66 kilometers, and some cities have supporting buildings. The second phase is 2.5 million square meters of campus buildings and other supporting municipal facilities.
traditional culture
Wanwan Guangzhou has become a bright pearl of the motherland with its humanistic communication etiquette, colorful folk customs, comprehensive language art, fresh and bright Cantonese opera music, inclusive Cantonese opera art, innovative Lingnan painting school, Guangzhou cuisine, well-known teahouses and teahouses, popular winter jasmine market and pioneering urban spirit. We believe that in the near future, Guangzhou will become a more modern and international metropolis, so that people all over the world can see its elegance!
Climatic characteristics
Bay Bay Guangzhou is located in the south subtropical zone and belongs to a typical monsoon maritime climate. Because the back of the mountain faces the sea, the maritime climate is particularly remarkable, with the characteristics of warm and rainy, sufficient light and heat, small temperature difference, long summer and short frost period. Because of the same period of water and heat, it is very beneficial to crop growth, but the threat of natural disasters is also great, which has a negative impact on industrial and agricultural production.
Guangzhou is rich in light and heat resources, with annual average sunshine hours 1, 896.5 hours, annual total solar radiation of 4367-4597 MJ/m2, annual average temperature of 2 1-23 degrees Celsius, and daily average temperature above 0 degrees Celsius. The frost-free period is 328 days in the north and 352 days in the south.
Guangzhou has abundant rainfall, with annual precipitation 1689.3 ~ 1876.5mm, and rainy season (April to September) accounts for 80% ~ 83% of the whole year. Due to the influence of topography, there is more precipitation in mountainous areas than in plains, and more in the north than in the south. At the same time, the rainy season coincides with strong light and high heat, forming a fairly high climatic biological potential (light and warm water potential), reaching 77865 ~ 97950 kg/ha.
The alternation of winter and summer monsoon is a remarkable feature of Guangzhou monsoon climate. As the polar continental air mass extends southward, the north wind in winter is dry and cold. Due to the northward expansion of tropical ocean air mass, the southerly wind in summer is warm and humid. Summer monsoon usually turns into winter monsoon in September, and winter monsoon turns into summer monsoon in April.
area of land
Wan Wan has a total area of 7,434.4 square kilometers, accounting for 4. 18% of the total land area of the province. Among them, the area of municipal district 10 is 37 18.5 square kilometers, accounting for 50.02% of the total area of the city; The area of the two county-level cities is 37 15.9 square kilometers, accounting for 49.98%.