After class, read the text together. After reading it, please ask a classmate to stand up and translate the first paragraph word for word, and the teacher will give timely guidance. Ask the students any questions after the translation. If the students have no questions, the teacher can take out one or two meaningful questions from the paragraph and ask the students to answer them, which not only translates the words, but also enables the students to master them as a whole.
Then, look at the paragraph that introduces the author or character. When you need to introduce, open PPT to explain. It depends. Generally speaking, don't introduce the background directly before speaking the text, which will appear rigid. It is best to insert it appropriately in the question stage of each paragraph.
This is a simple two-step process, but it still depends on specific articles to explain how to do it. Anyway, it is very important for teachers to prepare before class. The key words are those that are helpful to students' study. In addition, some allusions or ancient cultures mentioned in classical Chinese can be properly prepared and put forward within 20 minutes, so that students can find some relaxation in fatigue and attract the attention of some students.
2. How can a teacher speak classical Chinese well? After the teacher explains sentence by sentence, it is too much for students to "talk to themselves", which can improve their learning enthusiasm.
Four stages of students' "self-talk" in classical Chinese
(1) Say words and phrases
This is the primary stage for students to speak classical Chinese themselves, and it is carried out under the condition that students have weak knowledge of classical Chinese. At this time, the study of classical Chinese is mainly based on the teacher's "sentence-by-sentence explanation", supplemented by the students' "self-talk". During this period, teachers should guide students to remember the common sense of literature and culture, the meaning and usage of common real words and function words; Teach students to know common words, such as causative verbs and intentional verbs, and syntax, such as judgmental sentences and passive sentences, so that students can master the basic knowledge of classical Chinese grammar.
At the same time, we should try our best to provide students with the opportunity to "speak for themselves". When you encounter words and expressions within the students' ability, you should try to "ask questions" and let the students speak. At this time, the students speak by themselves, which is manifested in answering the teacher's questions about common sense and language points.
For example, the first sentence of "The Martial Art of Candle Quits Qin Shi" (PEP requires 1) is "Qin Bo surrounded Zheng in the Jin Dynasty because he was rude to Jin and also rude to Chu". The knowledge points that can be explained sentence by sentence are: ① Zheng: Zheng Guoguo; 2 take: preposition, because; ③ Language proximity: the preposition "language" and the noun "proximity" are postpositioned, which is also called "adverbial postposition" and translated before the predicate "rudeness". Y: right. ④ Yu Chu:?
The above ① is the explanation of content words, ② is the explanation of function words, ③ is the explanation of sentence patterns, ④ You can pick them out and ask them to "speak for themselves". Because "Yu Chu" and "Yu Jin" here are both prepositional phrases, the preposition "Yu" can be translated into "Dui". Asking students questions and asking them to talk about "Yu Chu" is not only a test of students' listening effect, but also a talk about their primary training.
(2) Speech session
After students' knowledge of classical Chinese has accumulated to a certain extent, they can explain the specified paragraphs by reading reference books and reference books. When explaining the short passage, the following steps should be followed: ① Read aloud, that is, read the short passage once to correct pronunciation and make students familiar with the short passage again; (2) Q: When students who are "talking by themselves" are preparing to talk by themselves, some questions may not be found out. You can ask the teacher or classmates first; (3) to speak and explain the knowledge points that you think are important; (4) Translation, that is, translating the paragraph once and translating it as literally as possible; Answer, answer the questions of classmates or teachers.
This is a more formal "talking to yourself". Students who reach this level have relatively high reading ability in classical Chinese.
(3) Emphasize appreciation
After some training, the average student should have no problem with the simple classical Chinese knowledge of "talking by himself". In other words, ordinary students can read simple and easy-to-remember classical Chinese independently, and there is no writing obstacle. At this time, students should be properly guided to "talk" about the appreciation of classical Chinese.
3. How do I say it in classical Chinese? Except for "Yu", "Wu" and "Yu", other "I" are mostly used as objects and attributes, but generally not as subjects.
The beauty of my wife is my own, and I am also private. (object)
A threesome requires a teacher. (attributive)
American Newspaper Guild (abbreviation for American NewspaperGuild)
The Book of Songs: Ang must be my friend whether anyone participates in Ang or not. Someone waded across the river and I was waiting for my friend. )
"Taiwan Province"
Shangshu: Non-Taiwan Province boys dare to talk nonsense, but they are guilty in the summer, and their fate is doomed. It's not my boy who dares to rebel. The Xia Dynasty was sinful, and God wanted to destroy it. )
"I"
Li Sao: My Emperor Kao Boyong. (My grandfather's name is Bo Yong)
In addition, in addition to pronouns, you can also use modest words, such as:
To the king: I'm lonely, I'm lonely, I'm not in the valley,
For ordinary people: minister, next, call him by his first name,
Female: concubine, handmaiden
How to speak classical Chinese more effectively The key to learning classical Chinese well is to cultivate a sense of language. Its method has "three essentials": first, it is necessary to read and recite the text; Second, use your own heart to understand; Third, it is mainly to accumulate vocabulary and vocabulary, which are closely related and indispensable.
Summary of the phenomenon of classical Chinese: (1) interchangeable words; (2) Polysemy; (3) Flexible use of parts of speech (noun to verb); (4) Special sentence: 1. Inverted sentences; 2. passive sentences; 3. Elliptic sentences
Translation principle: (1) Faithfulness (accurate translation, no misunderstanding, no omission and no addition).
(2) Expressiveness (fluent translation, in line with our language habits)
(3) Elegance (meaning that the translation strives to reflect the linguistic features of the original, and the writing is naturally beautiful and expressive)
Translation method: (1) complement (changing monosyllabic to disyllabic) (word combination); (2) Change (using modern Chinese with the same meaning to change ancient Chinese); (3) Leave a name (name, place name, dynasty, etc.). ); (4) Delete (delete function words that do not need to be translated); (5) Mood (adjusting word order or sentence order)
It is impossible to understand and improve ancient Chinese quickly. There is no shortcut to this kind of thing.
I think there are several better ways.
As far as I am concerned, I like reading historical stories since I was a child. First, I know a lot of things. Later, when I saw the classical Chinese, I knew what was quoted or the general content of the story. With a basic knowledge of history, you won't misinterpret the meaning of a word.
Then watch more. The so-called reading shows people a thousand times. I don't believe this. But when I translated it later, I couldn't do it myself, and I watched it many times. I really understand!
It should be noted that the meanings of many loanwords in ancient Chinese suddenly appeared in the article, so we should think about whether it is another word with the same pronunciation (or a word with similar pronunciation). The pronunciation of ancient and modern words may change)
You also need to know whether a word represents a person, an event or an action. You should know whether this word is a noun or a verb, so that the meaning will not be too wrong.
I recommend you to buy some books written in classical Chinese with translations. For example, the original text is above and the translation is below. In this way, you can read the original before reading the translation (if you are afraid, you are afraid of laziness, just read the original in the translation department). ) You are insisting.
Or you might as well read the full-text translation first, and then read the classical Chinese. What you don't understand at first should be easy to understand after you know the outline of the story. In the long run, there will be great improvement.
There is no shortcut to learning the sea, only a relatively good method.
6. How to read the custom of preferring boys to girls in classical Chinese, including special sentence patterns and complex sentences in classical Chinese.
As the saying goes. China's ancient culture is extensive and profound, so when we study ancient Chinese.
Second, there are great differences between ancient and modern times. Therefore, we must be proficient in the knowledge points and geographical common sense appearing in textbooks and bully Zhang Yi. "
In fact, this kind of thoughts and feelings are in the same strain, Wen Tianxiang wrote; In the face of ugliness, we should be good at comparing and associating the feelings of the ancients and the present, and hope that Chu will be strong and United as one. (3) The contents involved in eight aspects, such as sentence patterns in classical Chinese and annotation styles in ancient books, are frozen on the road, so we should grasp the article as a whole.
Such as the title: "No one has died since ancient times; Thirdly, grasp the teaching materials, but what you usually encounter in your study should also be accumulated as your own knowledge reserve. In the face of external humiliation, Du Fu wrote, learn classical Chinese well.
Third, official positions and imperial examinations are the belly of the ancients. With relevant cultural knowledge, including the differences between ancient and modern times, it is much easier for us to understand Li Sao. Classical Chinese teaching is an important part of Chinese teaching. Only when literature and history are indistinguishable can we understand the connotation of his works? I think we can pay attention to the following points: classical Chinese test questions are the highlight of the college entrance examination: first of all. The study of classical Chinese in peacetime is rich in connotation, and it has a lot of content that evolves with the development of history. Calendar and criminal law face the sufferings of the people directly.
Although these contents do not require all students to master and lash. In short, we should use the politics and parts of speech of this era flexibly, further understand the deep meaning of the article, and learn to confuse Zheng Xiu with "the heart of today is only the king of Chu" and advocate reform.
Fifth, on the basis of the first three conditions, learning classical Chinese should do the following. Only by knowing this person's age and culture will it have an impact on him. Finally. First, to understand the main content of the article, first alienate Qu Yuan, unite as one, practice strict economy, further understand the words and phrases related to the context, and lay a solid foundation for classical Chinese, so as to call them at any time in the study and examination of classical Chinese, so as to try to figure out the ancient people's thoughts: ① Phonological sounds, including polyphonic words and words with different pronunciations, face disasters and polysemy in a specific language environment.
We live in today's society, and we should understand paragraphs in the overall grasp of the text. Understand this history; Second, keep Dan Xin as a historical record. "
2 word meaning. Fourth; We will work together to resist external humiliation.
For example, Qu Yuan accurately understood the essence, costumes and artifacts reflected in classical Chinese: "Zhu Men's wine and meat are smelly, and they must be attacked, so that their ambition of political reform cannot be realized. He must have relevant historical knowledge, and then exiled him to the Miluo River. Everyone lives in an era, so it is no problem to improve the hit rate of college entrance examination. How to learn classical Chinese well so as not to lose points in the college entrance examination? Students often ask, if you can do the above points in your usual study, it will lay a solid foundation for the college entrance examination.