There is nothing in ancient times, and scholars know nothing.
translate
It seems that ancient people have never done such a thing, and knowledgeable people are too lazy to say such things.
original text
In ancient times, there was Gubuziqing [1]. Today, Liang has Tang Ju [2]. The shape and color of lovers are famous for their good or bad luck, which is called by the secular. There is nothing in ancient times, and scholars know nothing. Therefore, it is not as good as the theory of mind, and the choice of surgery is not as good as the theory of mind [3]. The appearance is overwhelming, and the heart is overwhelming. If the technique is right and the heart is smooth, it is disgusting and good, which is harmless to the gentleman; Although good-hearted and evil-hearted, it is harmless to the villains. Lucky for a gentleman, fierce for a villain. Therefore, long and small, good and evil, there is no distinction between good and bad. There is nothing in ancient times, and scholars know nothing.
To annotate ...
[1] Gu Buziqing: During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zheng was a native of China and had seen the face of Confucius and He.
[2] Tang Ju: A fortuneteller in the Warring States Period, who had seen fortuneteller for Li Dui and Cai Ze.
[3] On Thought: Studying people's thoughts. Discuss and check. Skills: Methods and paths refer to what you have learned.
translate
In ancient times, there was a Gu Buziqing. Now there is a kind of Tang Ju in Liang State, which can predict people's good or bad according to their looks and colors. Most people in society praise their looks. But ancient people would not do such a thing, and knowledgeable people were too lazy to say such things. Therefore, it is better to observe a person's mind than his appearance, and it is better to study what he has done and learned. Appearance can't determine a person's heart, which is influenced by what he does and what he learns. Everything you learn and do is right, and your heart is right, so although your appearance is ugly, your heart will be good, which will not prevent you from becoming a gentleman. Everything you learn and do is incorrect, so even if you are good in appearance and evil in heart, you are still a villain after all. It is lucky to be a gentleman, but unlucky to be a villain. Therefore, the height or height of a figure, burly or thin, ugly or beautiful, can not determine whether it is good or bad. People in ancient times wouldn't do such a thing, and people with knowledge didn't bother to say such things.
original text
Gai [1] Di Yao is long, Di Shun is short, long, short, [2] long and Zi Gong [3] short. Once upon a time, a minister named Gong [4] was seven feet long, three feet long and three inches wide. He had a nose, eyes and ears [6] and was famous all over the world. Sun Shuai 'ao of Chu [7], I am also Duan Zhisi [8], bald and long left [9], more mysterious [10], mainly Chu. Ye Gongzi is tall [1 1] and short [12]. If he walks, he will have clothes to wear. However, the rebellion of Bai Gong [13] also led to the deaths of Yin Zixi and Sima Zi [14]. Ye Gongzi went high into the State of Chu, killed Bai Gong, made Chu a backhand, was good at benevolence and righteousness, and gained fame for later generations. The story should not be too long [15] or too big [16], and it will be ambitious. Long and short, small and big, beauty and evil, no matter what!
To annotate ...
[1] Gai: Verbal words.
[2] Zhong Ni: The words of Confucius.
[3] Sub-bow: one is Confucius' student secondary bow; When he said that he was Xunzi's teacher, Xunzi passed on Yi.
[4] Wei Linggong: the monarch who defended his country during the Spring and Autumn Period, a famous dissolute and ruthless monarch in history. Gong: The name and deeds are unknown.
[5] Yan: Pass "Yan". This refers to the amount.
[6] Tools: complete and complete. Here refers to the nose, eyes and ears, but they are far apart, so they are different.
[7] Sun Shao: Prime Minister of Chu Zhuangwang in the Spring and Autumn Period.
[8] Period: Place name, Chuncheng. Me: People from the countryside.
[9] Sudden baldness: less baldness. Left length: the left hand is long.
Xu Anbi: Short stature. Xuan, straight wood in front of the ancient car. Compared with the crossbar in front of the ancient car.
[1 1] Gao: Dr. Chu.
Short and barren: describes short and thin.
[13] Bai Gong's rebellion: For details, see Zuo Zhuan's sixteen years of mourning for Gong. A scene of Bai Gong, the grandson of King Chu Ping.
[14] Ling Yin: official name. Zixi: Wang Ping Shu Chang Zi, the son of God. Sima: Official name. Sub-period: Prince Ping, Zi Jie.
[15] Thing: preach "scholar". Extrapolation: measurement.
[16] Wedge (xié): comparison and measurement.
translate
Yaodi is high, Shun Di is short, Zhou Wenwang is high, Duke Zhou is short, Confucius is high and Zigong is short. Once upon a time, there was a minister named Gong. He is seven feet tall, with a long and narrow face, three feet long and three inches wide on his forehead. Although he has a nose, eyes and ears, but far from it, his reputation has shocked the world. Sun Shuai of Chu was once a clown who missed this place. His head is bald, his left hand is longer than his right hand, and his height is not as high as the crossbar in front of the car, but he let Chu dominate the princes. Ye Gongzi, a doctor of Chu State, is tall, thin and small, and he seems unable to lift his clothes when he walks. However, Yin Zixi and Sima Zi died in Bai Gong's rebellion, while Ye Gongzi led his troops into Chu, killed Bai Gong, and pacified Chu. His kindness and fame spread widely in later generations. Therefore, for a scholar, we should not only look at his height, strength and weight, but also look at his ambition. Is the beauty and ugliness of height, body shape and appearance worth talking about?
original text
Xu Yanwang's [1] shape is impressive; The shape of Zhong Ni, such as Mongolia [2]; Duke of Zhou is like a broken body [3]; Hao Tao [4] is shaped like a melon; Yao Hongzhi's death [5] has no skin; Fu Shuo [6] is shaped like a fin [7]; Yi Yin [8] shape, no moose [9] on the face. Jade jumps, soup is partial. Yao and Shun participated in the plot [10]. Is follower [1 1] more evil than literature? Go straight to the difference between long and short, divide beauty and evil, and bully each other?
To annotate ...
[1]: Xu in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Legend has it that his eyes can only look up, can see his forehead, and can't look down.
[2] Qi (qρ): a mask worn in ancient times to drive away ghosts and epidemics. Confucius is fierce in appearance.
[3] Late (zρ): A standing dead tree.
[4](yáo): an ancient name, which is said to be a judicial official of Shun.
[5] Hong Yao: Minister, who designed Zhou to release the imprisoned King Wen, and later assisted the King Wu to destroy Zhou.
[6] Fu Shuo: A person's name. He used to be a craftsman who built walls for people, and later he was a minister of Wuding, the king of Yin.
[7] The body is like a fin (qí): It seems that there are fins on the body. Here refers to hunchback.
Yi Yin: Wang Dachen of Shang Tang.
[9] bearded moose (mí): the same as "bearded eyebrows", that is, bearded eyebrows.
[10] Reference: Reference. There are two students here. Mou: Pass the "eyes". This refers to the pupil.
[1 1] Followers: students from Xun Kuang. One refers to "scholars".
translate
Besides, Xu Yanwang's eyes can only look up, not down; Confucius' face is like a god; Duke Zhou is as thin as a dead tree; Hao Tao's face is green, like a peeled melon; Yao Hong has a beard and can't see the skin. Fu Shuo is a hunchback; Yi Yin has no beard and eyebrows. Jade limped, Tang was paralyzed, and Yao and Shun both had two pupils. Are you talking about will instead of study? Is it better to look at beauty and ugliness, cheat each other and despise each other than tall people and short people?
original text
The ancients were outstanding, long and beautiful, outstanding in the world, and the stronger their muscles, the enemy of a hundred people. But the death of the body and the country is a major event in the world [1], and the evil words of future generations will be recorded [2]. It is also a question of appearance right or wrong. It is not common to hear it, so it is better to discuss it.
To annotate ...
[1] Li (Lu): Shame.
[2] Review: Investigation refers to learning from it.
translate
In ancient times, Jie and Zhou were tall and handsome and outstanding figures in the world. They are agile and powerful, and can resist hundreds of people. However, in the end, it shames the whole world. Later generations must follow their example when talking about the wicked. This is not the evil brought by appearance, but because of their shallow knowledge and humble ideological realm.
original text
Today's secular disorderly monarch, the son of pastoral Song [1], is gorgeous and wild, dressed in strange clothes, decorated with feminine, and her blood-gas attitude means feminine; Women are unwilling to be husbands, virgins are unwilling to be scholars, and those who abandon their in-laws and want to run away are shoulder to shoulder. However, a gentleman in China is ashamed to think of himself as a minister, a father in China is ashamed to think of himself as a son, a brother in China is ashamed to think of himself as a brother, and a man in China is ashamed to think of himself as a friend. Russia, on the other hand, is bound to cry and regret its beginning, which is not only a matter of appearance, but also a matter of being despised. But who will be the followers?
To annotate ...
<1> xuān: a light and agile person.
[2] Russia: Soon, later. This means that one day. Be in charge: be arrested by judicial organs.
translate
Nowadays, secular restless people and frivolous people in rural areas are all beautiful and enchanting, dressed in strange clothes and dressed like women, with weak personality and attitude. There are no women who don't want to find them as husbands, and there are no girls who don't want to find them as fiance. One after another, they abandon their families and elope with them. However, a gentleman is ashamed to make such a person his vassal, a father is ashamed to make such a person his son, a brother is ashamed to make such a person his brother, and ordinary people are ashamed to make such a person their friend. One day, such people will be imprisoned by the government and executed in the downtown area. Today, everyone will cry and regret. This is not a disaster caused by appearance, but because of their shallow knowledge and humble ideological realm. So what do you think should be done?
original text
People have three ominous signs: young people are unwilling to grow up, cheap people are unwilling to be expensive, and unscrupulous people are unwilling to be virtuous. This is the third ominous sign of people. People will be poor in three ways: those above cannot love, those below are better than those above, and one is poor; If the country is not [1], then it is [2], indicating that the second person will be poor; Shallow knowledge and straightforward truth [3]. However, the benevolent cannot be pushed, and the knowledgeable cannot be solved. Even if people are three, they will be poor. People have these three walkers, thinking that going up is dangerous and going down is extinct. "Poetry" says: "Rain and snow are raining, and the banquet is gone." If you don't go down the tunnel, you will be arrogant [4]. This is also called.
To annotate ...
[1] Township: Through "Township", face to face. If: Shun.
[2] Di (bèi): Behind my back, in private. : slander.
[3] Qu Zhi: Being able and not being able means that there is a big difference in ability.
[4] Four sentences of Rain and Snow: See The Book of Songs Xiaoya Jiaogong for the poem quoted here. Rain, snow. Biāo, the appearance of heavy snow. Feast, sunrise and warmth. Dinner, hello, sunrise. Eliminate yourself. Tunnel, through the "fall". This refers to abdication. Form and language auxiliary words. Occupy, occupy
translate
People have three ominous signs: young people who refuse to serve the elderly, people with low status and high status, and people with mental retardation who refuse to serve talented people. These are three ominous things about people. People are bound to get into trouble in three situations: the monarch doesn't care about his servant, and the servant likes to criticize the monarch, which is the first situation; Disobedient to one's face and slandering others behind one's back is the second case. Knowledge and conduct are shallow, and talents are far from sages, but they cannot recommend benevolent people and respect wise people. This is the third situation. If a person has all kinds of behaviors mentioned in these three situations, then it is dangerous to be a monarch and it is doomed to be a servant. The Book of Songs says: "The snow pours down and the sun melts as soon as it comes out. But some people don't step down, but they are in high positions and look down on others. " That's the truth.
original text
Why are people people? Why have they been [1]? Yue: Because of its differentiation [2]. Hunger leads to food, cold leads to warmth, labor leads to rest, good leads to benefit, and evil leads to harm. It is inherent in human beings, and it is also the common ground between metaphor and hero. However, people are not only two legs, but also hairless, because they are noble. Today, a husband is smiling, but he has two feet and no hair, but a gentleman sips his soup and eats it. The reason why an old friend is a man is not because he has two feet and no hair, but because he has differences. Husband and beast have father and son but not father and son, and there is no difference between men and women [6]. There is no way to distinguish the old from the new.
To annotate ...
[1] Yes: Same as "to" because.
[2] Discrimination: refers to the hierarchical distinction between the upper and lower, the noble and the low, the old and the young, and the relatives and friends.
[3] Nothing to do: refers to the nature that is born and does not need to be learned.
[4] Yingying: orangutan. Smile: it should be "shape".
[5] Jue (Jue): massive meat.
[6] Yan (pìn): female animal. M incarnation: male animal.
translate
What makes people become people? Answer: Because people can distinguish rank order, such as up and down, high and low, old and young, and closeness. Hungry people need to eat, cold people need to keep warm, and tired people need to rest, and they like benefits and hate disasters. This is human nature, and there is no need to learn. This is the human nature that both Dayu and Xia Jie have. In this way, people are human not only because they have two feet and no hair, but because they can distinguish the hierarchical order. The gorilla looks like it has two feet and no hair on its face, but people can drink its soup and eat its meat. So people are human, not only because they have two feet and no hair, but because they can distinguish the hierarchical order. Animals also have a father-son relationship, but there is no father-son affection, there are males and females, but there is no distinction between males and females. Therefore, the essence of human society lies in the differences at all levels.
original text
Discrimination is greater than points [1], points are greater than rituals, and rituals are greater than holy kings. There are hundreds of holy kings. What can I do? Therefore, literature [2] has long been extinct, frugality [3] has long been extinct, and law-abiding people have been extremely limited [4]. Therefore, if you want to see the trace of the holy king, you will be embarrassed, and the queen king will also. He is the king after him and the king of the world. He gave up the king after him and said ancient times. For example, he gave up himself and served others. Therefore, if you want to see a thousand years old, you have to count [6]. If you want to know hundreds of millions today, judge one or two. If you want to know the world, you must judge Zhou Dao [7]. If you want to know Zhou Dao, you are a gentleman. Therefore, if you are near, you will know the distance, and if you know everything, you will know the Ming [8].
To annotate ...
[1] points: birthright.
[2] Text: Etiquette system.
[3] Festival: rhythm, the rhythm of music. Family, preach "play".
[4] Extremely long. Chǐ: slack off, slack off.
[5] (cà n) Ran: Clear and clear.
[6] Number: survey.
[7] Zhou Dao: The way of governing the country in the Zhou Dynasty, that is, the so-called civil and military way of Zhou Gong. I'm talking about a complete road. Let's take the previous statement here. Investigating Zhou Dao embodies Xunzi's thought that "the law is king".
[8] micro: weak, tiny. Ming: Obviously, it is very big.
translate
The most important thing to distinguish the hierarchical order lies in the hierarchical birthright, the most important thing in the hierarchical birthright lies in the ceremony, and the most important thing in the ceremony is to formulate its holy king. Someone asked: There are hundreds of holy kings. Who should I imitate? A: After a long time, the etiquette system will be annihilated, the rhythm of music will be lost after a long time, and the officials in charge of etiquette will slack off after a long time. Therefore, if you want to know the remains of the holy king, you must look at those well-preserved, that is, the way of governing the country by the later king. The queen is the monarch of the world. Giving up the queen and praising the ancient monarch is like giving up your own monarch to serve other monarchs. Therefore, if you want to know things thousands of years ago, you must look at the present. If you want to know hundreds of millions, you must count from one to two. If you want to know ancient things, you must examine the ruling system of the Zhou Dynasty. If you want to know the ruling system of the Zhou Dynasty, you must examine which gentlemen it attaches importance to. Therefore, we can infer ancient times from modern times, understand everything from the first place, and understand the vastness of things from the nuances. That's what we mean.
original text
The husband deceives others [1] and says, "The ancient and modern feelings are different, and those who govern chaos have different ways." Everyone is confused. Ignorant people, ignorant people, ignorant people are extravagant [2] ignorant people are also. What it sees is still deceivable, even worse than what has been circulated for thousands of years! Fools, between home and home, can still be deceived, the situation is over a thousand years!
To annotate ...
[1] Fool: an ignorant and reckless person.
[2] Degree: measure and consider.
translate
Some fools say, "The ancient and modern situations are different, and the ways used to govern the world are also different." People are confused by this statement and believe it. Those people are too stupid to argue, too shallow to measure. Everything you have witnessed can be deceived, not to mention things handed down from generation to generation for thousands of years! These fools cheat whenever they want in their daily lives, not to mention things that people have not seen for thousands of years.
original text
Why can't saints be bullied? It is said that a saint is a person who measures himself [1]. Therefore, people should be measured by people, feelings should be measured by feelings, classes should be measured by classes, merits and demerits should be measured by words, and Taoism should be used well, as it is in ancient and modern times. Class is not contradictory, although it has been like this for a long time. My hometown is not confused by evil songs [2], and I am not confused by sundries, so I can measure it.
To annotate ...
← 1÷ measure yourself: measure ancient things according to your own experience.
[2] township: through the "direction", facing. Evil song: evil and eccentric, not right.
translate
But why can't saints be deceived? A: Sages measure ancient things according to their own experiences. It is consistent from ancient times to modern times to measure a person by humanity, to measure individual feelings by natural feelings, to measure individual things by the general situation of things, to measure actual achievements by the content of speech, and to observe everything by Tao. As long as similar things don't deviate from each other, even if the time interval is long, the reason is still the same, so we won't be confused in the face of heresy and absurdity, and we won't be confused when we see chaotic things. This is because we infer everything according to this truth.
original text
The Five Emperors [1] had no descendants and no sages, so they died early. There has been no political communication and good governance between the five emperors for a long time. In the absence of Zhou Wei, Yu and Tang have been preaching and teaching to solve doubts, not without good governance, and it has been a long time. Long biography is a brief discussion, and recent biography is a detailed discussion. The subtlety is big [2], and the detail is small. Fools smell its simplicity but don't know its details, smell its smallness but don't know its greatness, so they die for a long time and their families die for a long time.
To annotate ...
[1] Five Emperors: the legendary Yellow Emperor, Zhun, Yao and Shun.
[2] Citation: enumeration. Big: Probably. The following "small" refers to the details.
translate
Except for the five emperors, there were no emperors handed down in ancient times, not because there were no sages, but because they were too old. The political affairs of the five emperors were also kept secret, not because they were not well managed, but because it took too long. Yu and Tang's political affairs have been handed down from generation to generation, but they are not as detailed as the Zhou Dynasty, not because they can't be cured, but because it took a long time. The farther the legend is, the more concise it is, and the closer the legend is, the more information it contains. Short can only list its general, informative can list its details. Fools smell the outline without knowing the details, and smell the details without knowing the outline. So after a long time, the etiquette system will be annihilated, and after a long time, the rhythm of music will be gone.
original text
Anything that doesn't conform to the former king and etiquette is called rape. Although arguing, the gentleman won't listen. The first king of France, obedient and upright, was a party scholar [1]. However, it is hard to say that without Le Yan, he is not an honest man. Therefore, a gentleman's words are good, his ambition is good, his actions are safe, and Le Yan is good. Therefore, a gentleman must argue. Ordinary people can't say what's good about themselves, but gentlemen do. Therefore, giving people words is more important than stones and jade; Judging people by words [2] is more beautiful than articles; Listen to people, take pleasure in bells, drums and harps. Therefore, a gentleman is greedy with words [3]. On the contrary, it is good, in fact, it doesn't care about its words, so it is inevitable to pollute the customs of servants for life [4]. Therefore, I ching said, "there is no sorrow and no reputation" [5]. Corrupt Confucianism is also called.
To annotate ...
[1] party: closed.
[2] Examining people: to "persuade people".
[3] insatiable greed: not tired.
[4] Pollution: Dirty. Domestic custom: vulgarity. Servant, mediocre.
[5] The second sentence of "containing sac": containing and ligating. Bag, pocket. Blame, fault
translate
Any statement that does not conform to the law of the former king and the way of propriety and righteousness is called rape. Although it is clear, the gentleman does not listen. Follow the example of the former king, follow the path of propriety and righteousness, and be close to the scholars. But I'm not very good at expressing my opinions and I don't want to talk about it. This is not a scholar who sincerely pursues Taoism. Therefore, a gentleman's argument must be based on his ambition and his behavior, and take pleasure in actively promoting it. Everyone likes to talk about what he appreciates, especially a gentleman. Therefore, giving kind words is more valuable than gold, stone and jade; Encouraging people with kind words is more beautiful than gorgeous clothes; Listening to kind words is happier than listening to the sound of bells and drums. Therefore, a gentleman is kind and tireless. Vulgar people, on the other hand, pay too much attention to reality and don't care about literature, so it is inevitable to be vulgar all their lives. I ching said, "there is nothing wrong with tightening your pockets, and there is no reputation." It's about those old and useless Confucian scholars.
original text
Anything that says [1] is difficult, from the highest to the lowest, even to chaos. If you can't reach it, you will get sick if you raise it far [2], and modern times will get sick [3]. Good people will stay away without hesitation, and they will move with the times for a short time [4], and they will be anxious [5], but if the government is embarrassed and awkward to themselves [6], Song [7] calls it, but it doesn't hurt.
To annotate ...
[1] said: This refers to lobbying.
[2] far-reaching: citing ancient things. Samuel: Absurd, absurd.
[3] Servant: vulgar and general.
[4] Yan (y ǐ n) Yang: intonation, height.
[5] Dilemma: This means dilemma. Win, profit, full.
[6] Furan: extensive and inclusive. Canal: Canal weir. Well, through the weir and the canal dam. Yǐn: a tool for correcting bent wood.
[7] Qu: You made a mistake.
translate
The difficulty of lobbying lies in persuading the meanest people with the highest truth and persuading the most chaotic monarch in the last days with the theory that the first king ruled the world. You can't persuade directly. If you list ancient things, you are afraid of being absurd and unrealistic, and if you list modern things, you are afraid that mediocrity will not be accepted. People who are good at lobbying take the middle road. We should learn from the past without being absurd, list the near things without being commonplace, change with the times, change with the world, be slow or urgent, or stretch or bend, all of which are as temperate as dams to control water flow and straighten bent wood, and bend as much as possible without hurting others.
original text
Therefore, a gentleman takes a measure [1] and a man drags [2]. This is enough to become the law of the world. Picking up people drags people, so it can be tolerant, because many people in the world [3] can achieve great things. Therefore, a gentleman is virtuous and tolerant [4], knowing and tolerant of fools, erudite and tolerant of shallowness, pithy and tolerant of miscellaneous, and a husband is both skilled and skilled. "Poetry" says: "Since Xu Fangtong, the power of the son of heaven [5]". This is also called.
To annotate ...
[1] rope: rope ink.
[2]Drag(y'): through "scoop", that is, paddle, that is, what brings people aboard, it is extended to guide.
[3] Because of the crowd: depending on the crowd.
[4] strike: the same as "fatigue" refers to people with inferior talents.
[5] "Xu Fang" two sentences: For the poems quoted here, see "The Book of Songs, Elegant and Long-lasting". Xufang, a country name in ancient remote areas, is located in the middle and lower reaches of today's Huaihe River Basin.
translate
Therefore, a gentleman is strict with himself, like measuring wood with rope and ink, treating people and things with guidance, like attracting people aboard with a boat, so as to be broad and inclusive and rely on everyone to achieve world events. Therefore, a gentleman's own talent can accommodate inferior people, his own wisdom can accommodate fools, his own breadth can accommodate shallow people, and his own specialization can accommodate people with complex knowledge. This is the way of compatibility. The Book of Songs says: "The reunification of the Xu people is the work of the son of heaven." . That's what I'm saying.
original text
Speaking skills: show your kindness [1], be sincere [2], be strong, hold, be metaphorical, be clear, be happy, be grateful, be precious, be precious and be sacred. If so, people often say that there is nothing to lose. Although people don't mention it, people are expensive. Husband means that he can be very expensive. As the saying goes, "only a gentleman can be expensive." This is also called.
To annotate ...
[1] Zhuang Zhuang: solemn and serious. At present: At present.
[2] Duancheng: Integrity and sincerity.
[3] Mental image (huān) sub-image: refers to harmony. "Huan" means "Huan". Sweet and fragrant.
translate
Persuasion methods: treat others with a serious attitude, be frank and sincere, persuade others persistently, inspire people with metaphors, make people understand that they are different through analysis, convey their ideas to others in good faith, and cherish, value and believe their theories so that everything they say will not be accepted by others. Even if you keep silent, others will respect him. This is called being able to attach importance to your precious theory. The ancient book says: "Only a gentleman can make his valuable theory be valued". That's what I'm saying.
original text
A gentleman must argue. Ordinary people can't say what they are good at, but what a gentleman does. It is built on the basis of small civil air defense and gentleman's defense of benevolence. Words are not benevolent [1], words are not silent, and arguments are not silent [2]; Speak with benevolence, those who are good at words will go up, and those who are not good at words will go down. Therefore, benevolence is great. Top-down, down the road, decree also; Bottom-up, so loyal to the world, for help. Therefore, the gentleman's trip is also insatiable. Have a good intention, do it safely and do it in Le Yan. Therefore, a gentleman must argue. [3] It is better to collect when you are good, and it is better to see your duty when you are good. Small debate and inspection, see the end and understand, the duty and reason, saints, scholars, gentlemen are divided [4].
To annotate ...
(zhònɡ) in [1]: in accordance with.
[2] Na (nè): I'm not good at words.
[3] small debate: arguing about small things. Ending: a clue.
[4] points: responsibilities, boundaries. Equipment: fully equipped.
translate
A gentleman must argue. Everyone likes to talk about what he appreciates, especially a gentleman. So the villain preaches evil, and the gentleman preaches good. Words have nothing to do with kindness, he might as well not speak, and be clumsy as a glib tongue; What is said is related to kindness, and it is better to say it well than to say it badly. So the word benevolence is of great significance. The words of the monarch guiding the people are decrees; Words from courtiers who are loyal to the monarch are admonitions. Therefore, a gentleman delights in benevolence. It must be here for ambition and here for behavior, and it is fun to actively promote it. So a gentleman must be argumentative. Grasping the clue of things, grasping the clue of things, it is better to grasp the root of things. Arguing trivial matters can be scrutinized, grasping clues can be understood, and grasping advantages and disadvantages can get the fundamental meaning of the argument. This is the proper function of a saint and a gentleman.
original text
There are villains, gentlemen and saints. Don't think first, don't plan early, take it when something happens, write like this, move the wrong place [1], be resourceful, and be a wise debater. Think first, ask for it early, listen to its words in [2], practice its words in writing, be sincere in the party [3], and be a debater of scholars and gentlemen. Listening to his words and arguing without unity [4], using his body [5] is even more deceitful and futile, not enough to obey the wise monarch and not enough to be with the people, but the balance of your words [6] and foresight [7] are enough to belong to Qiwei [8], and the husband is called the outstanding traitor. The holy king rises, so he will be punished first. Then the thief comes second. Thieves have to change, but this can't be changed.
To annotate ...
[1] Jucuo: Action, adoption or abandonment. Ju, pronounced "ju". Wrong, setting. Migration: change, change.
[2] X: Wait a minute, wait a minute.
[3] Party: the same as "Kuang" and integrity.
[4] No unity: meaningless.
[5] Use his body: appoint others.
[6] concurrently: tune also. This refers to speaking beautifully and speaking evenly.
[7] foresight (zhān) only: language is more or less. Listen, talk. Just, say less.
[8] Qi Wei: Exaggerated. Rejection: Like "suppression", arrogance.
translate
There are arguments between villains, between scholars and gentlemen, and between saints. It is appropriate to say it without thinking or planning in advance, but it is also reasonable. What you say is literary and systematic, and you can be resourceful no matter how the situation changes. That's what saints say. After consideration and planning in advance, hasty words can also have enough power to impress people, and the words spoken are plain and honest, which is the debate between gentlemen. Although listening to his speech is eloquent, it is meaningless. How cunning and unsuccessful his appointment was. He doesn't deserve to be a wise monarch and a harmonious people. But he speaks beautifully and speaks more or less appropriately, which can be called arrogance. Such people can be called traitors. When the holy king appears, he must kill such people first, followed by thieves. Because thieves can still change, but this traitor will not change.
Comment and analysis
This paper is divided into three parts. The first part lists various examples to criticize physiognomy, and thinks that a person's quality lies not in the length of appearance, the size of face, good and evil, but in whether he can abide by official rank and title. This is the so-called "heart is better than heart". The second part expounds the idea of "the king after the law" and criticizes the idea of "abandoning the law for the past" in the society at that time. It thinks that the story of the ancient holy king is "lost for a long time, and the family broke down", so if you want to see the trace of the holy king, you can only get it from the "embarrassed person", that is, the queen, otherwise it is like "sacrificing yourself to be king, but doing things for others". The third part explains the importance and method of argument.
The article takes ChristianRandPhillips as the topic, aiming at criticizing superstitious dating skills, but the latter two parts have nothing to do with the topic. Or think it's a mistake of honor and disgrace. However, due to the brilliant literary talent of this article, the paragraph "King after Fa" is extremely thorough and represents a very important part of Xunzi's thought, so I chose the full text.