First, ceremonies and music.
As early as the primitive society, from the group marriage period in the ignorance era to the class marriage period of the blood family in the middle stage, the ceremony has already emerged. "Book of Rites Quli Shang" contains: "My husband is rude to animals, so my father and son get together. It is called hybridization), which is what saints do, teaching people to be polite, making people polite and knowing themselves from animals. " And Suiren should be the first person to "teach people to be polite" and make people "different from animals". The records of education in ancient books during the Yao and Shun period also reflected the development and changes of this kind of ethics. Books such as Zuo Zhuan, Shangshu and Historical Records all contain Yao Mingshun's "Five Classics". The ancient book also said that there were three official positions in charge of education in the Shun Dynasty. One is Stuart, who is responsible for "respecting the five religions"; The second is Rank Zong, who is responsible for the "Three Rites"; The third is the Temple Music, which is responsible for "teaching Zhou Zi". "Five religions" refers to the Five Principles, that is, father's righteousness, mother's kindness, brother's friendship, brother's respect and son's filial piety. The so-called "three rituals" are the rituals of gods, earth gods and ghosts. This is religious etiquette. This shows that the appearance of paternal family made the patriarch worship in matriarchal clan commune develop into the worship of parents, and produced various religious ceremonies to promote the concept of inferiority and to maintain the emerging hierarchical order.
Second, shooting and imperial shooting refer to the training of archery techniques; Technical training of Yu Zhi driving a horse-drawn chariot. Shooting and defense are both military training and physical training. In the late Paleolithic period, people had invented bows and arrows. Bowing and archery is not only for hunting, but also for competing with other tribes for survival territory. As time goes on, the demand of the latter is more and more important than that of the former. Shooting and bending are important topics in the Western Zhou Dynasty's national studies and rural studies. According to ancient records, there were already "five shots" and "five emperors" at that time. Moreover, archery training in the Western Zhou Dynasty permeated with more ritual contents, which required learners not only to have clear ambitions and goals in thought, but also to meet the requirements of etiquette and ceremony in form. Learners should not only master strict shooting and defensive skills, but also develop good military ethics. This is the creation of the Western Zhou Dynasty, which embodies the development of the concept of slavery hierarchy and promotes the stylization of military sports training. The respect for archery and defense training in the Western Zhou Dynasty had a certain influence on the formation of China's fine tradition of attaching importance to martial arts.
"Five Shooting" and "Five Imperial Measures" refer to five ancient shooting methods, namely, white arrow, ginseng, brush note, ruler and well instrument. Five royal-five ancient driving skills, that is, singing Luan, chasing water songs, crossing the king's table, dancing across the road and chasing birds to the left. Judging from the method of five shots and the skill of five fights, the shooting fight summarizes all aspects of archery and driving skills. Shooting and defense are both practical skills. In ancient times, shooting and defense were military combat skills that the society attached importance to, but in the Zhou Dynasty, the nature of shooting changed from military training to a common people's activity, which made shooting more likely to become the content of Confucius' private education.
Third, books and numbers.
Calligraphy teaching in six arts education refers to literacy education of characters. In ancient times, numerology was associated with numerology, also called numerology. Numerology contains a wide range of contents, including at least six aspects: astronomy, pedigree, five elements, tortoise, miscellaneous industry and morphology. It involves natural science knowledge and technology such as astronomy, calendar, five elements, divination, geography, measurement, geometry and algorithm, as well as religious knowledge and technology. Ancient ancestors gave birth to their first astronomical knowledge because of their natural worship of the sun, the moon and the stars. With the appearance of intermarriage and the development of agriculture and animal husbandry, knowledge such as calendar and mathematics came into being.
The content of "Six Books" was not explained in Zhou Li, and it was not until the Han Dynasty that there was a systematic statement, referring to pictographs, referring to things, meeting, pictophonetic characters, transferring notes and borrowing. "Nine numbers" refer to square field, millet, declining, less extensive, quotient, average loss, insufficient profit, equation and pythagorean. Generally speaking, ISBN education is equivalent to our Chinese and math education today. Learning and mastering "six books" and "nine numbers" is the basic education to cultivate students' intelligence.