Generally speaking, good green is bright green, bright green and other colors. Emerald, on the other hand, is a little darker in color, without "inclination", transparent and profound, and is loved by the world for its green and pleasing tone. It is called the birthstone of May, symbolizing kindness, confidence, kindness and eternity.
It is difficult for emeralds to find flawless gems. In fact, it can be said that there must be some cracks and inclusions in emeralds, and the types of cracks and inclusions are very complicated, and they are even called "gardens" by love. The history of emeralds is as long and colorful as many other precious stones. It is said that the Holy Grail used by Jesus at the Last Supper was carved from emeralds. Emerald is also mentioned in the Bible, and its Song of Solomon says:
Women of Jerusalem, this is my lover and this is my friend! His hand is like a gold ring with emeralds.
According to historical records, emeralds were sold in the market as early as 6000 years ago. At that time, women in Babylon especially liked to wear emerald ornaments, which were called "emeralds" and "glowing stones", and some people presented them to the mythical goddess statues.
Emerald in ancient China was introduced from Persia via the Silk Road, and the word emerald in Chinese was also translated from Persian. The word "Zuo Muci" in Tao's Record of Dropping out of Farming in Yuan Dynasty refers to emerald.
The translation of "Emerald" was first seen in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty. Gong Zhen, who was traveling with Zheng He, recorded in History of Western Regions: "There are many treasures everywhere, such as jade and emeralds ..."
Ma Huan, who went to the Western Seas with Gong Zhen and Zheng He, recorded in "Gourd and Mouth Kingdom" in "Yingya Shenglan": "There are all kinds of treasures here, and even grandmothers such as Bi and La."
Later, it was translated into emeralds in Wang Shifu's The West Chamber, which was fixed and extended by later generations.
Feng Menglong's "Warning Story" and "Du Shiniang's Wrath Box" in the Ming Dynasty contained the precious gem of jade:
Du Shiniang also ordered angel lee to open the third drawer. The box is full of fluorescent pearls and diamonds inlaid with jade, which is impossible to evaluate. Du Shiniang took out a string of jade beads, which sparkled at night. Sun Fu had already exclaimed: "Don't throw, don't throw, this is something that can't be bought for 1,200 silver!"
Du Shiniang took angel lee and looked at it carefully: "You give this pearl to your mother, and she will pull me to her side and call me' daughter-in-law'!"
Angel lee stamped her feet and wept bitterly, regretting it. Du Shiniang threw the pearl into the river again. When I opened the drawer again, it was another drawer full of cat's eyes, jadeite and other rare treasures. Li Jia hugged Teacher Niang's leg and cried bitterly: "Teacher Niang has this treasure, and things can be saved!"
In addition, "Ming history? There is also a record in the Record of Grain Loans: "When Sejong was in power, the cat's eye and jadeite were sold out. "During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, the emerald in Hu Shi's Book Talk recorded:" Emerald, the so-called wood-assisted thorn in the Yuan Dynasty, belongs to the ground, is dark green in color and extremely expensive. " In Hongzhi, the Song Family Rules called emerald "Lock Green". Emperors in Ming and Qing dynasties especially liked jadeite. Ming Chengzu regards it as precious as a golden cat's eye, and there is a saying that "the ceremonial crown needs a cat's eye jade". The jade belt of the Wanli Emperor of the Ming Dynasty was inlaid with a very large emerald, and many gems were found in Dingling of the Ming Tombs. There are many precious emeralds in the relics of the Qing Dynasty. For example, there are three emeralds and more than 300 other precious stones in the bonsai made in the middle of Qing Dynasty. The full name of the bonsai is "Long Square Pot of Plum Blossom", which was built in Qing Dynasty, with a total height of 42 cm, a pot height of 19.3 cm and a pot diameter of 24 cm to 18.5 cm.
A rectangular basin with silver-plated silk, the mouth of which is vertically embedded with the head edge of rice beads, and each small head is embedded with rubies. The floor of the basin wall is decorated with blue mosaic patterns and various lights. The blue-burned mosaic pattern is inlaid with fruits and flowers made of jadeite, tourmaline and ruby, while the opening light is made of tiny gem beads such as rice beads, coral beads and emeralds.
On the basin, coral, bamboo and plum blossom constitute the scene of "Qi Mei's birthday", and the hills with silver silk and green touch are covered with red, blue and yellow gems. There are plum trees, coral trees and bamboo trees behind the mountain. On the plum tree, big pearls, rubies and sapphires are dressed in plum blossoms, bamboo trees are wrapped in golden stems, and the top is green leaves and red coral beads, which are beautiful and gorgeous. This bonsai is inlaid with gold and jade, decorated with pearls and silver, and covered with precious stones, especially a plum blossom, 64 big pearls and 2 16 rubies, which are exquisite and ingenious.
People in the Qing Dynasty can also identify the authenticity of jadeite by identifying its flaws. Ru Cang put forward: "Emerald, who helps Mu Qing, counts as a dragonfly wing." This dragonfly wing is the inclusion of jade later.
"Investigation of natural history" also clearly shows that emeralds "and rabbit hair patterns among them" are true. For example, the jade of Qing Dynasty is 1.26 cm high, 1.9 cm long, 1.4 cm wide and weighs 26.48 carats. Emerald is emerald green and glassy, and it is shaped by stepped deformation cutting and grinding technology.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the golden silk quilt covered after the death of Empress Dowager Cixi was inlaid with a large number of pearls and other precious stones, as well as two emeralds each weighing about 5 yuan, which can be described as treasures among emeralds.