Can someone explain to me what Dongba dialect is?

The Naxi nationality, with a population of about 300,000, is not a big ethnic group among more than 50 ethnic groups in China, but its Dongba culture is well-known at home and abroad, which has aroused the interest and concern of the world and become one of the hot spots of Lijiang tourism exploration. Dongba culture, like the ancient cultures of other nationalities in the world, is also a religious culture, that is, Dongba culture, and also a folk activity. Dongba religion is the primitive polytheism of Naxi nationality and believes in animism. It is a religion developed under the influence of Naxi local culture-witchcraft culture and Tibetan "benzene" religion introduced into Lijiang later. The priest's name is Dongba, which translates as a wise man. These "wise men" are knowledgeable, can paint, sing and dance, and have knowledge of astronomy, geography, agriculture, animal husbandry and medicine, and etiquette. The characters they used to write the scriptures are an ancient Chinese character called Dongba characters, which "specializes in pictographs, people painting people, things painting things, thinking that books are the line". They are the main inheritors and disseminators of Dongba culture. In other words, Dongba culture is an ancient Naxi culture passed down from generation to generation. Dongba culture includes hieroglyphics, Dongba scriptures, Dongba paintings, Dongba music and dance. Among them, Dongba hieroglyphics are considered to be the only remaining hieroglyphics in the world. Dongba culture, as a unique and rich national culture, has attracted great attention and attention from scholars all over the world. In the past century, scholars from France, Britain, the United States, Russia, Germany, Norway, Italy, Canada, Japan, Switzerland, Poland and other countries have come to collect, investigate and study the Dongba culture of Naxi nationality. The first person to let the world know about Dongba culture of Naxi nationality was French Tyrone Lacopelan. He included a Dongba hieroglyphic scripture in the book The Origin of Characters Near Tibet, which was published in London on 1894. 19 13, a French scholar, Professor BOCOT, compiled and published his collection of books about Dongba language of Naxi nationality, LESMSOS. Among many scholars who study Dongba culture of Naxi nationality, the most striking ones are China scholar Li Lincan and American scholar Locke. Mr. Li Lincan, the former vice president of the Palace Museum in Taiwan Province, was originally engaged in painting art. When he came to Yulong Snow Mountain in Lijiang where Naxi people live in concentrated communities, he decided to put down his brush and study Dongba culture, and wrote some important works such as Pictograph Dictionary, Zhuyin Dictionary and Learning Anthology. American scholar Locke came to China to study plants in the 1920s. He lived in Naxi area for more than 20 years, collected a large number of Dongba cultural materials and wrote many books about Dongba culture, among which the English Encyclopedia of Naxi Language (Volumes I and II) became an important book for studying Dongba culture. Locke is known as the originator of studying Dongba culture in the west. Since 1980s, a large number of young scholars have emerged, and there has been an upsurge of studying Naxi Dongba culture. The research results are increasing year by year, and an international Naxi Dongba chemistry is taking shape. Dongba Sutra is the core and connotation of Dongba culture. In the process of studying Dongba culture, scholars at home and abroad have also collected a considerable number of Dongba scriptures as research materials. At present, there are about 30,000 Dongba Classics in the world. Among them, the United States, Germany, Britain and France collect about 1 10,000 copies; Taiwan Province, Nanjing, Beijing, Kunming, Lijiang and Zhongdian have 20,000 books. Besides China, the United States has the largest collection of Dongba Scriptures in the world. There are 7,836 volumes in the Library of Congress, the Library of Harvard University and the Library of Washington University.

Because Dongba Sutra is written in hieroglyphics of the original picture, it is not easy for ordinary people to interpret it, so Dongba Sutra has always been regarded as a "heavenly book". Lijiang Dongba Cultural Institute of Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences has been translating Dongba classics since the early 1980s. With the cooperation of Mr. Dongba, after more than ten years' efforts, the researchers of the institute finally completed the translation project of the Complete Works of Notes on the Translation of Ancient Books in Naxi Dongba, and the translation has been edited and published by Yunnan People's Publishing House. Its publication will make more people in the world understand this mysterious Dongba culture, and will also play a positive role in promoting the formation of Naxi Dongba chemistry. The Dongba Sutra of Naxi nationality has more than 500 volumes and more than 700 Wan Yu, [1] all written in hieroglyphics. This hieroglyph is called "Sen Gill" in Naxi language, which means "the trace of wood and stone" or translated into "the word of wood and stone", which means it looks like the word of wood and stone. This kind of writing originated from pictures and has always maintained the characteristics of pictures, but it has become a written symbol by convention. It has been used for more than ten centuries in Lijiang, Zhongdian and Naxi areas of Weixi county, and there are many works about Naxi hieroglyphics at home and abroad. Dongba Jing records the myths that reflect the life of Naxi people in ancient times. The quantity and quality are amazing. He not only had a great influence on the later development of Naxi literature, but also greatly enriched the myth treasure house of all ethnic groups in the motherland. Many myths are relatively long, such as Genesis and The Battle of Black and White. [2], are more than 2000 lines. From these myths, we can see all kinds of ancient Naxi gods, such as heaven, earth, sun, moon, star, goodness, evil, male, goddess, Raytheon, wind, cloud, mountain, water, earth, stone, iron, wisdom, dexterity, kindness and abundance. Of course, there are all kinds of monsters. In this world of gods, not only the images of various gods are very different, but also the actions of gods have different wit, which shows the colorful myths.

Lijiang is the main settlement of Naxi people in China and the only Naxi autonomous county in China. It is a unique tourist attraction in Yunnan Province. Lijiang's beautiful natural landscape and ancient town, which are integrated with the natural environment, attract more and more domestic and foreign tourists, and the unique and rich Naxi Dongba culture attracts people all over the world. The Naxi nationality, with a population of about 300,000, is not a big ethnic group among more than 50 ethnic groups in China, but its Dongba culture is well-known at home and abroad, which has aroused the interest and concern of the world and become one of the hot spots of Lijiang tourism exploration.

Dongba culture, like the ancient cultures of other nationalities in the world, is also a religious culture, that is, Dongba culture, and also a folk activity. It is an ancient Naxi culture handed down from generation to generation in Dongba. Dongba religion is the primitive religion of Naxi nationality, and its priest is called Dongba. He is the main inheritor of Dongba culture, translated as a wise man and the highest intellectual of Naxi nationality. Most of them combine singing, dancing, classics, books, history, painting and medicine. In other words, Dongba culture is the Naxi ancient culture handed down from generation to generation in Dongba.

Wei Lan, a scholar of Dongba culture in Lijiang River, said: "Dongba culture includes hieroglyphics, including Dongba Sutra, Dongba Painting, Dongba Dance, Dongba Music and various Dojo in Dongba, which also contains many connotations of national psychological quality. The so-called Dongba culture refers to such a cultural system. " Dongbawen

Dongba script picture Dongba script is a very primitive hieroglyph. Judging from the development of writing form, it is even more primitive than Oracle Bone Inscriptions and belongs to the early form of writing origin. The earliest symbol images were written on wood and stone, and then these symbol images were written on paper. Dongba is called Dongba because it has mastered this kind of writing. Dongba script is the only remaining hieroglyphics in the world at present, and it is a "living fossil" of the origin and development of human social characters.

There are more than 1300 hieroglyphs * * in Dongba characters, which are a combination of calligraphy and painting, with smooth lines, concise brushwork and bright colors. Many Dongba characters still use these characters. Dongba means wise man. For thousands of years, Dongba people wrote books and said that while inheriting Dongba teachings, they absorbed and integrated the cultural achievements of past dynasties and wrote more than 20,000 volumes and more than 1,000 Dongba classics with tens of millions of words. The fields of Dongba classics are quite rich, including astronomy and geography, religious philosophy, language, literature and art, meteorological calendar, biomedicine, agriculture and animal husbandry, weapons mines and so on. It expresses the Gunaxi people's cognition of nature and the summary of human culture from many angles. With the passage of time and the accumulation of knowledge, it has become a large encyclopedia of ancient Naxi society and an important part of Dongba culture.

Wei Lan, a scholar of Dongba culture in Lijiang, said: "Dongba characters are basically the same, because of the sense of respect created by human beings, or imitation. Words are nothing more than tools for recording languages. When people observe things, they record them. At first, there were pictures. Now we have many pictures and characters in Dongba language. A picture is a story, a fixed content. You can see what it means by looking at this picture. Therefore, because of the pictures and characters, people are observing, such as our Chinese characters, because they are looking at the' mountain' in the plain, which is the mountain. There are three mountains, but Naxi people live in the mountains, and when he goes out, it is a mountain, so when he creates words, there is only one' mountain', which is what it means. Like the door of Chinese characters, there are two doors, while the Naxi people only have one door, so he only sees one door when he creates words, which is related to his environment, so he draws everything he sees when he creates words and gradually uses pictures. In the words of the Han people, we call painting and calligraphy the same origin. "

There are different opinions about the formation of Dongba characters. One thinks that Dongba characters are still in the primitive writing stage and only use pictographic means; The other thinks that he has started to use loanwords, hieroglyphs and so on. , and has evolved from pictographs to hieroglyphs; Another view is that Dongba script is a symbol system between hieroglyphics and ideographs; There is even a view that Dongba characters can be divided into three categories: hieroglyphs, hieroglyphs and phonetic symbols.

With the development of Naxi society and the mutual influence of national culture, some Dongba in Lijiang created Gebawen in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Geba means disciple, Gebawen is a character created by Dongbashro descendants, and Gebawen is the transformation and development of Dongba.

A little knowledge: Naxi people call themselves "Na", "Naxi" and "Na Ru". Historical records of Jin and Tang Dynasties are called "Mosha" or "Mosuo". Distributed in Lijiang, Zhongdian, Weixi and Ninglang in Yunnan, Yanyuan, Yanbian and Muli in Sichuan. The language belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family or the Yi branch of the Tibetan-Burmese language family.