Let's talk about accumulation first. Many people learn classical Chinese just to clear the obstacles of writing, thinking that the teacher has made it clear, and I understand that this is enough. Teachers speak one by one and students learn one by one. When you ask him how many articles he will always review and remember next semester, he will shake his head blankly and say that he doesn't remember any. This learning method is extremely undesirable. Therefore, learning classical Chinese is first of all accumulation. The best way to accumulate is to recite and memorize some important chapters of classical Chinese, including the meaning of content words, the use of function words and the changes of various sentence patterns in classical Chinese. More importantly, by reciting, we can learn the essence of the conception, layout and rhetoric of ancient famous articles and improve our cultural accomplishment.
So, how many chapters do you need to recite? The newly revised middle school Chinese syllabus has clearly stipulated that "read classical poems and simple classical Chinese, understand the meaning of words and the ideological content of works, and recite a certain number of famous articles." This "certain amount" is defined in the syllabus as 50 poems such as Difficult Road to Shu, Slow Voice and Farewell to Changting, and 20 ancient poems (paragraphs) of China such as Encouraging Learning, Preface to Lanting Collection and Red Cliff Fu. These are the minimum requirements for every high school student. With the increase of reading articles, your language perception of classical Chinese will become stronger and stronger, and your reading level of classical Chinese will become higher and higher. It's like laying a foundation before building a house. The stronger the foundation, the higher the house can be built. Recitation is the basis of learning classical Chinese and the fundamental way to improve the reading level of classical Chinese. Besides, there is no better way. If you don't spend time in this area, asking what to do during the exam is like leaving the earth by pulling your hair. Really helpless.
Talk about transformation. Transformation here refers to the ability to transfer, that is, the ability to read other simple classical Chinese on the basis of reading and reciting. Turning the knowledge learned in class into ability is to master some learning rules and methods of classical Chinese, specifically in the following aspects.
Grasp the meaning of notional words. Although only 150 notional words in classical Chinese are required in the syllabus, it is an indisputable fact that the more notional words are mastered, the higher the reading level will be. There are four main aspects to master the notional words in classical Chinese:
1. Ancient and modern meanings are different. Focus on the changes in the ancient and modern meanings of words, some of which have expanded, some have shrunk and some have shifted. For example, in the sentence "Man-made disaster, thousands of people hunger strike" in item D of 1999 college entrance examination, the meaning of "hunger strike" is completely different from today's "hunger strike". This is the evolution of word meaning.
2. This word is ambiguous. Polysemy in classical Chinese is very common. A word often has several meanings, and many have more than a dozen meanings. When you study, you should always sum up and deepen.
For example, the word "law"
Make a "launch" in "Nine times out of ten" ("Oil Seller");
In "It's too late, the prince is too late" ("Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin"), he made a "start";
"Lighting" in "Going to the North Army for more than 20 miles and getting angry at the same time" ("Battle of Red Cliffs");
"Open" in "Send a picture, see the dagger in the picture" ("Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin");
In "Great castration also fears righteousness, and it is difficult to break out of the unusual plan" ("Five Tomb Monuments");
"An Neng bends the flow of Hao Jie, grasps the way of the tomb, and expresses his sorrow" ("Five Tomb Monuments");
"Dispatch" in the "independence faction", sending more people, carrying more resources and supporting the monarch "("Battle of Red Cliffs ");
In "900 people who suddenly decided to defend Yuyang" ("Chen She family"), they did "recruiting troops and sending troops";
In "I know what you mean, nothing is refreshing" ("Promoting Weaving"), it is "a very short unit of length, and a dime is a beat";
In "Wild Fragrance" ("Drunken Pavilion"), "Open" and so on. These are all seen in class. Usually, more and more meanings of content words in the context are accumulated and mastered, and the ability of analogy will be formed, and the reading ability will naturally improve.
2. How to improve the reading ability of classical Chinese Dear students, I am a member of China Fast Reading Association, and I am glad to answer your questions.
For more than 8 years, I have been focusing on the research of speed reading memory ability, and I am fortunate to be a member of the speed reading association. As for how to enhance memory and speed reading efficiency, speed reading memory experts generally believe that as long as training and learning, memory can be doubled. Here are some experiences about memory: 1. The skill of speed reading is to read more than ten words at a glance. You can know the meaning of words by seeing a bunch of words, and you can understand the general idea of words habitually without thinking too much.
So the speed has increased. At the same time, learning efficiency will naturally improve.
2, fast reading skills are conducive to improving learning efficiency, mainly the efficiency of reviewing textbooks, reading fast, the same time can be repeated several times, naturally remember quickly. However, fast reading is a method and a habit. Many people think that after learning theoretical knowledge, they can understand the method of fast reading, but it is not.
Since fast reading is a method, you should know the method first. Secondly, fast reading is a habit. Since it is a habit, you need to practice. Only by regular practice can we improve. So I suggest you train your speed more deliberately in actual combat.
3. Fast reading is mainly aimed at people who take exams or study, which can improve their memory and learning efficiency. My daughter's college entrance examination and later civil service examination are all speed reading cultivated by elite speed reading. Elite is fast reading and fast memory. Her previous reading speed was 300 words and her memory was poor. She was an elite student in 2008, and the success of the college entrance examination was largely due to learning speed reading.
Including the current civil service examination, it is also because of this that the review efficiency has been greatly improved. If you are a student who is taking an exam or busy preparing for the exam, I suggest learning English. English speed reading is also recognized by our association.
I hope you will make progress soon! I hope my answer can help you, and I hope it will be adopted.
3. How to improve the ability of ancient Chinese? In my recent thesis, I touched on the problem of ancient medical literature. But what I wrote was the ancient medical literature of foreign students! So, you think, your ancient prose ability is worse, can it be worse than foreigners? No matter how high the level of modern Chinese of foreigners is, it is not as high as yours.
Find basic ancient Chinese textbooks, that is, those texts in middle school or university textbooks. Take notes in the book carefully and read it several times. Don't read too many articles, but read every article thoroughly. When you can finish reading a few articles, you will soon get started. After you get started, your ability will naturally improve.
I think there will be many places where Chinese medicine uses ancient prose, but students who study Chinese medicine do not learn ancient prose at the beginning, but just like ordinary students. So start from the basics, everyone is the same. Only by laying a good foundation can we further study ancient Chinese medicine books. Learn both at the same time