What do you mean by learning backwards? In ancient times, there was a way of endorsement: backwards, backwards.

I remember how many years ago, when I talked with my friends about learning Chinese, I emphasized the importance of reciting. He agreed and said, "Many articles, even a book, can be memorized by the ancients; Now people can't recite a few articles. " I was surprised and asked, "However, I have never heard of any ancient people reciting articles, and they all followed them!" " "Later, we all thought it was an exaggeration.

However, I still don't understand the meaning of the idiom "recite backwards". Later, I looked up many dictionaries, such as Chinese Dictionary, Cihai, China Idiom Dictionary by Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, China Idiom Dictionary by Zhonghua Book Company and Modern Chinese Dictionary. Their interpretation of this idiom is similar:

1. Learn the article backwards. (Chinese dictionary, Chinese dictionary)

2. Recite words or articles backwards, so as to make them flow smoothly. (China Idiom Dictionary)

Recite words backwards, describe poems and so on. (Modern Chinese Dictionary)

Moreover, most of the examples cited are two. An article from Guo Moruo's Diary of the Soviet Union on June 27: "She seems to have read the English part of the explanatory booklet backwards." The second is from Liu Shude's "Old Four Friends": "He has a dead uncle. Speaking of drums, he left him a" Romance of the Three Kingdoms ",which took a long time, but he could recite it backwards."

I still don't understand: first, I've never heard of anyone falling backwards; Second, if it's for exaggeration, can't it be said to be fluent?

So, what am I thinking? I was thinking:

I'm afraid there is something wrong with those explanations. Do scholars also make the mistake of following other people's advice? The word "inverted" not only means inverted, but also means dumped! Leaning back, does it mean that someone can pour out what they are carrying, and its speed is as fast and smooth as running water?

Today, however, as far as I can see and hear, scholars at all times and all over the world seem to think that the word "recite backwards like water" means that it can be as smooth as running water.

If you want to convince people, you must find evidence. Now I finally found it. After the joy, I was anxious to write it down and ask the readers for advice.

1. Many dictionaries have an almost word-for-word explanation for the word "pour": flip or lift the container obliquely to let things pour out. In life, there are many examples: taking out garbage and pouring water.

2. The Chinese Dictionary explains "throwing everything upside down": it describes throwing everything. Explain "dumping": to dump all the money and things in the bag means to dump everything.

3. The Chinese dictionary defines "diarrhea" as: pouring from top to bottom. Take Guo Moruo's Feather Collection Written under Vegetable Oil Lamp as an example: "This sound is like a flowing spring, rushing through thousands of rocks and valleys ... it sometimes dives into the depths, and sometimes suddenly becomes a waterfall of the Milky Way."

When I looked up the word "diarrhea" and saw that explanation, I almost jumped. Why? Because the word "inverted" in "Inverted Basket" and "inverted" in "Inverted Basket" are both later nouns, and the word "inverted" in "Backward" is a later verb, which is not convincing enough; And "Dao" in "diarrhea" is just a verb, which gives me strong support.

Moreover, what is "diarrhea" is not expressed in the text, but there is no need to think about it, of course, the Milky Way; What is "recite backwards like a stream" is not specified in the word, but it is known to refer to poetry.

At this point, I want to make a summary:

The word "recite backwards" does not mean that anyone can recite backwards from beginning to end; On the contrary, some people can pour poems from top to bottom (from beginning to end), as happy and smooth as running water ~