What are the most primitive ways to escape the heat?

What are the most primitive ways to escape the heat in summer? The heat is unbearable. People hide in air-conditioned rooms and turn the air conditioner to the lowest gear, but it's still not fast enough. Then they have a cold drink and a cold draft beer, which makes them a little cooler. However, ancient people did not have air conditioners and electric fans. How did they spend this hot summer? The hot summer sun is like fire. Besides "the prince shakes the fan", the real prince has a better way to escape the heat than shaking the fan. This is recorded in the old Wulin. Wang Sun has a special Summer Palace, where "long pines and bamboos plow, cold waterfalls fly empty, and big pools can bet ten acres." The "cold waterfall" here is an artificial waterfall. Cold water is washed on the roof by water truck, and water flows into the large pool from the roof. There are all kinds of flowers in the pool, and there are hundreds of pots of fragrant flowers in the yard, which are coming from the wind wheel and are full of fragrance. 1, on both sides of the emperor's case, "there are dozens of golden pots in each case, and the snow is like a mountain." These are the ice and snow prepared last winter. Generally, it is put in the underground cold storage, which will be used by the emperor in summer. Zhu Xiang white tigers, such as Galen wood and real wax dragon saliva, don't hang. Living in such an environment, it is reported that "I don't know if there is dust and heat in the world." A college student was called here to meet him, and he even said, "Xiaomi won't stand for long." The emperor asked him what was wrong, only to know that he was too cold, so he gave him a northern silk cover. Such a summer resort can only be enjoyed by members of the royal family. Some senior officials and dignitaries in the Tang Dynasty also set up private summer facilities, which are not as large as the palace, but they are also extremely exquisite. Among them, the landscape pavilion is a summer building built by court officials in the Tang Dynasty. Volume 5 of Tang Yulin records that there is a rain pavilion in the Wangs, and four notes are flying on the eaves. In summer, it is as high as autumn. Liu Yuxi's poem "Liu Fu Mashuiting Summer" also describes the characteristics of the water pavilion: thousands of bamboos and green lotus flowers, and the water pavilion is empty. The amber light is red and suspected of leaking rain, and the crystal curtain is more breathable. This kind of water pavilion uses machinery to transport cold water to the water tank at the top of the pavilion for storage, and then let the water flow down from around the eaves to form a rain curtain, thus playing the role of cooling off summer heat. Of course, this semi-automatic refrigeration facility is expensive and cannot be built by ordinary people. Another good way to escape the summer is to climb mountains. The temperature in the mountains is much lower than that in the plains. The famous summer resorts are Lushan Mountain and chengde mountain resort. There was a burst of jubilation on the mountain, and the summer heat disappeared. Of course, it is also ideal to go to the seaside for the summer. For example, in Beidaihe, the sea breeze blows away the summer heat and the sea water is cool. Don't think that only modern people can enjoy the benefits of refrigerators. In fact, China has had refrigerators since ancient times. Although it is far less than the refrigerator produced by modern technology, it can still keep fresh. In the ancient book Zhou Li, an "ice guide" for storing food was mentioned. This "ice guide" is actually a box-like thing with an empty inside. As long as you put the ice in and then put the food in the middle of the ice, you can keep the food. This may be the earliest refrigerator used by human beings. 1978 Two ice guides were unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houchu in Sui County, Hubei Province. There is also a long spoon for holding cold drinks on the ice. In addition, in the ancient book "Wu Yue Chun Qiu", there is also a record: "When traveling, you must stop at the ice kitchen." The "ice kitchen" mentioned by Yang here is a house specially used by ancient people to store food and a place to supply food in summer. Ingenious design and exquisite casting were regarded as "refrigerators" in ancient China. A sword consists of a wine container and a sword. Fang Zun is placed in the center of the building, which has a cover with carved holes. The square mouth of the cover just covers Fang Zun's neck, and the bottom of the sword is equipped with a movable mechanism to firmly fix Fang Zun. There is a big gap between the sword and the statue. It should be used to hold ice cubes in summer and hot water in winter. By the Ming Dynasty, the emperors and nobles in Beijing had opposed the refrigerator as an important summer heat removal device. The refrigerator was a box made of Huang Huali wood or mahogany and filled with natural ice cubes for cooling. From the appearance, the refrigerator has a big mouth and a small bottom, which is in the shape of a square barrel with a copper hoop around the waist for two weeks. There are copper rings on both sides of the box, so it is easy to carry with lead rings. The mouth of the box is covered with two opposite hardwood cover plates, which are engraved with money holes. At that time, the refrigerator was not only beautiful in appearance, but also exquisite in functional design. Tin foil is hung in the refrigerator box, and there is a hole in the bottom of the box. One of the two cover plates is fixed at the box mouth, and the other is a trap. If the summer heat comes, you can take off the insect trap, put ice cubes in the box, and put new fruits or drinks on the ice and take them at any time. It tastes dry, makes people feel comfortable, and the summer heat disappears. Because of the protection of tin foil, ice water will not corrode the wooden box, but will seep out from the small hole at the bottom. In addition, when the ice melts, it can absorb the indoor hot air, adjust the indoor humidity by covering the hollow exhaust holes, and also play the role of air conditioning. Because of the widespread use of refrigerators, Beijing needs a lot of ice cubes every summer, which are all taken from the freezer. In the past, both the Forbidden City and the official residence had their own ice storehouses with water storage. Every year, from the winter solstice, the ice is broken into the cellar in Shichahai, Tongzi River, which is under the management of the Ministry of Industry. 2. In the books written by Song people, such as Dream of China in Tokyo, Story of the Prosperous Age of West Lake, Record of Liang Menglu, Old Stories of Wulin, etc., scholars, ordinary people and other "ancient poor people" all mentioned the cold drinks in Bianjing or Hangzhou at that time, including rock sugar mung beans, pear infiltration, papaya juice, plum juice, black tea water and so on. It can be seen that iced fruit juice and herbal tea are two categories of cold drinks in Song Dynasty. A Qing Gu Tieqing's Jia Qinglu said that there are "cold water" on the streets of Suzhou in summer. Locals buy cellar ice and neighbors sell it, which is called cold water. Or mixed with bayberry, peach and safflower, commonly known as "iced bayberry" and "iced peach". The method is to put icehouse around tea or juice to cool down. A Qing Qian wrote in the Spring and Autumn Notes: "Fu Ri. . . . . . Those who keep ice water, or those who have soups such as stir-fried perilla leaves, epimedium leaves and licorice in the city, are called "summer soups". It is also mentioned in this book: "People who knock on copper lamps to sell plum soup (Yangmei soup) in Beijing are far from selling watermelons. "In addition, there is a kind of bean jelly for discussion. This bean jelly is light yellow in color, semi-solid and translucent, and it is cool and delicious with sugar water and fruit sweat. It is made from the fruit of Ficus pumila. The method is to take out the sticky seeds in the hard shell, put them into a cloth bag, immerse them in cold water, and rub them constantly by hand, so that the gum contained in them seeps out of the cloth bag and condenses into translucent jelly after half an hour. In addition to cold drinks, the poor in ancient times could also eat cool fruits and vegetables. Although they don't have the right to use ice guides, they do have a set of cold storage methods: old Beijingers hold fruits and vegetables in baskets by the well, then tie the baskets to the hoist and go down to the well to suspend them in cold water. Put it on for three or five hours and then take it out to taste the delicious cold. However, the most primitive summer resort is of course in the water. The water is always cooler than the shore. The clear river is like green silk. Every summer, sometimes at noon, sometimes at night, the ancients went swimming in the river. Ordinary people can also go to the lake in summer, prepare candied fragrant flowers and painting fans, and board the boat to pan the lake. " Most of them occupy the vast land of deep willows, fishing in the water and returning on the moon. "Or a good man will open a big boat, take a mushroom pillow to cool off the heat and take a quick bath, but it is very suitable. Or stay in the middle of the lake and go home in the evening. "