Classification suggestion:
(1) Basic knowledge
1, pinyin
2, text
Step 3 talk
4. Wrong sentences
(2) Classical Chinese
1, notional words in classical Chinese
2. Function words in classical Chinese
3. Classical Chinese sentence patterns
4. Flexible use of parts of speech
5. Classical Chinese grammar
(3) Ancient poetry
1, accumulation of poetry classification (theme, form)
2, poetry answer terms
3. Dictation
(4) Composition
1, material
2. Various topics of conception.
3. Good articles, sentences and paragraphs
2. How to accumulate classical Chinese and how to take notes depends on your usual accumulation. To tell the truth, there is no way to get in touch with classical Chinese quickly in junior high school. In the past, when we recited the classical Chinese text, we remembered the notes of classical Chinese words by the way. Generally speaking, the words in the text can be understood thoroughly and there is basically no difficulty. But in the future, this practice will not meet the needs of the exam, especially after entering high school. My previous study method was,
Find a reference book about classical Chinese, which contains some grammar contents, such as attributive postposition, ellipsis, prepositions, function words and other grammatical introductions of classical Chinese. This is the foundation, which can be studied and mastered seriously. This is of great help to you.
The most important thing is that you buy an ancient Chinese dictionary or dictionary and use it in combination. You usually read more classical Chinese. Look up the ancient Chinese dictionary or dictionary if you don't know the words, and translate it in combination with your own mastery of classical Chinese grammar and full-text artistic conception.
In this way, you will get twice the result with half the effort in the future, which is also my experience in learning classical Chinese. I'm still reading ancient books and history books. It may be a habit formed before. College entrance examination results 125. This is very bright.
By the way, I'll tell you the skills of poetry appreciation. Or find a more comprehensive book, not too many books, you first study how the cases in the book are analyzed, some of which are sentimental or lyrical. By the way, recite some commonly used analysis contents. Seeing this kind of poetry appreciation, you can set it directly, not blindly. Still need to analyze more cases. I get 5 points in every exam, and some 100 points and 6 points. Don't you know what changes have taken place in rice now?
How to accumulate classical Chinese and how to take notes depends on your usual accumulation. To tell the truth, there is no way to get in touch with classical Chinese quickly in junior high school. In the past, when we recited the classical Chinese text, we remembered the notes of classical Chinese words by the way. Generally speaking, the words in the text can be understood thoroughly and there is basically no difficulty.
But this method can't meet the needs of the exam in the future, especially after entering high school. My previous learning method was to find a classical Chinese reference book, which contained some contents about grammar, such as attributive postposition, ellipsis, preposition, function words and other classical Chinese grammar introductions. This is the foundation, which can be studied and mastered seriously. This is of great help to you.
The most important thing is that you buy an ancient Chinese dictionary or dictionary and use it in combination. You usually read more classical Chinese. Look up the ancient Chinese dictionary or dictionary if you don't know the words, and translate it in combination with your own mastery of classical Chinese grammar and full-text artistic conception.
In this way, you will get twice the result with half the effort in the future, which is also my experience in learning classical Chinese. I'm still reading ancient books and history books.
It may be a habit formed before. College entrance examination results 125.
This is very bright. By the way, I'll tell you the skills of poetry appreciation.
Or find a more comprehensive book, not too many books, you first study how the cases in the book are analyzed, some of which are sentimental or lyrical. By the way, recite some commonly used analysis contents. Seeing this kind of poetry appreciation, you can set it directly, not blindly.
Still need to analyze more cases. I get 5 points in every exam, and some 100 points and 6 points.
Don't you know what changes have taken place in rice now?
4. How to do a good job in classical Chinese in college entrance examination ... how to accumulate it. 1. Analysis of the necessity of creating a good atmosphere for learning classical Chinese.
The new Chinese curriculum standard emphasizes: "Reading simple classical Chinese can help you understand the basic content with notes and reference books." It can be said that the new Chinese curriculum standard reduces the requirements for learning classical Chinese, and the items of the classical Chinese examination in the senior high school entrance examination are limited to textbooks. Theoretically, there should be a fairly ideal result, but the result is quite unexpected. The author investigated more than 50 Chinese teachers in middle schools, and found that in the process of classical Chinese teaching, most teachers pay great attention to sentence translation, memory and targeted exercises, and the teaching process is rigorous.
However, in the process of learning classical Chinese, most students think that the process of learning classical Chinese in this way is boring and inefficient, just like learning another foreign language. They even think that teaching classical Chinese well is teachers' wishful thinking, and students can only "roll with the punches". The reasons for the low learning efficiency of classical Chinese are: 1. Students leave the situation of understanding classical Chinese.
Classical Chinese is really not like modern Chinese, which makes students read fluently and understand the meaning. It is difficult for students to accept the complexity of translation, to understand the expression of stubborn teeth in classical Chinese and to understand the true and rich expression of ancient people's feelings.
For example, in Zou Ji satirizes the King of Qi, Zou Ji asks his wife, concubine and guests the same question: "Who am I, Xu Hongmei in the north of the city?" The wife said, "Your Majesty is very beautiful. How can Xu Can Palace compare with you?" The princess said, how can I compare with you? The guest said, "Xu Gong is not equal to your beauty." They replied with one voice, with the same meaning but different sentence patterns, and slightly changed words, but expressed different tones and different psychology of different characters.
When students understand the above content, they often start with words and sentence patterns, and then rush to answer the teacher's question "Why is the tone different?" Instead of experiencing it in a specific story situation. This understanding of classical Chinese is superficial, dull, vivid and not profound, and the mastery is hasty, hasty, unstable and firm.
2. Students leave the situation of using classical Chinese. Zhao Pu's Half Analects of Confucius Governing the World illustrates the importance of applying what you have learned.
However, in daily life, students' communication is not deliberately expressed in classical Chinese, and they think it is a rather pedantic performance. Kong Yiji's "Too much is too little, too much" is a proof. In the teaching class, our teachers may also ignore the particularity of the flexible use of classic sentences in different situations.
For example, teachers often describe it as a high-profile performance of the United States singing bad human rights at the United Nations, which is interpreted as ulterior motives. But at this time, "The Drunken Pavilion" should not be understood in this way.
In fact, the use of classical Chinese also requires students to have a certain cultural taste. Due to the limitation of students' cultural quality, students have a special liking for the emerging and simple network language, but ignore the use of classical Chinese.
3. Students leave the classical Chinese humanistic situation. Classical Chinese is rich in poetry and painting, exudes unique cultural charm and embodies profound national feelings.
However, students seem unable to understand the subtleties of classical Chinese. For example, in the article Born in Worry and Died in Happiness, students understand the important knowledge of "sense of worry" and "success in adversity". However, when asked about the modern significance of their sense of hardship and how to make themselves talents, students are at a loss.
The key lies in the lack of humanistic situation. The creation of humanistic situation in classical Chinese requires students to pay attention to contemporary social and cultural life, pay attention to the cultivation of their own quality, and strive to be well cultivated in the study of classical Chinese, improve their life quality and cultivate healthy personality.
For example, the creation of the humanistic situation of "anxiety consciousness" makes students worry about the war in peacetime, the environment of developing society, and the incurable diseases in a better life ... Let students learn from the broad mind of the ancients, shoulder the responsibility of inheriting excellent civilization, and establish a correct outlook on life and values. It can be seen that it is very necessary to create a good atmosphere for learning classical Chinese.
2. Strategic thinking on creating a good atmosphere for learning classical Chinese. Since learning classical Chinese requires a good situation and it is so important to create a good atmosphere for learning classical Chinese, we should think strategically.
1, intonation, irony and intonation is to ask students to read aloud, read correctly and fluently, visualize the language in cadence, beautify and deepen their emotions. Let the students immerse themselves in it, understand the taste of the article and gain something.
"Old books are never tired of reading, and children know themselves when they are familiar with them." "They are familiar with 300 Tang poems, and they can sing even if they can't write poems." This is a subtle presentation of chanting. For example, the repeated reading of "sending 900 people to guard Yuyang and stay in osawa Township" in Chen She Family is different from "sending 900 people to stay in osawa Township", which deeply understands the history of Qin Xing's corvee and people's garrison.
After Zou Ji satirized the King of Qi as a "capable minister", Qi Weiwang said "goodness". Concise and just right, it reflects Qi Weiwang's affirmation of Zou Ji and shows that he is an enterprising and enlightened monarch.
Therefore, when reading the word "goodness", we should read the majesty and wisdom in short notes and the heroic mind in high notes. Such a generation of wise men can be said to have both form and spirit to force Xiao. 2, taste perception, rebuilding the body's teaching of classical Chinese, Mr. Ye Shengtao believes: "When reciting, we should not only rationally understand what we have learned, but also sincerely experience it. Unconsciously, the content and truth become the readers' own things, which is the most precious realm. "
A good example is Tao Yuanming's reading, "appreciating anecdotes and analyzing doubts" and "the governor forgets to eat". When we recite Fan Zhongyan's great political ambition of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later" in Yueyang Tower, we should realize the practical significance of "enjoying the world first and enjoying the world later".
When we sing the sacredness of "sacrifice one's life for righteousness" in "I want fish", we should feel the will of people with lofty ideals to sacrifice their lives for the country and go to disaster generously throughout the ages. Through the feeling of taste, let students have a cordial experience and make classical Chinese learning interesting; Students' unique aesthetic taste also makes the connotation of classical Chinese shine.
At the same time, students also internalized the excellent cultural essence, achieved perfection, and improved their cultural literacy to varying degrees. 3. Accumulate knowledge and apply what you have learned. Ouyang Xiu said in his poem: "Learning is still there.
5. How to accumulate classical Chinese? First, love classical Chinese and cultivate interest. Some people complain that we don't need classical Chinese today, so why should we learn "whatever it is"? This statement is very poor: First of all, classical Chinese is the bearing form of all ancient cultures in China. Medicine, mathematics, astronomy and geography are all written in classical Chinese, which has been passed down to this day. Classical Chinese is a valuable asset with a long history. If we don't understand it, how can we appreciate the classicality and exquisiteness of China culture? Secondly, most idioms and allusions in modern Chinese 7A64E4B893E5B19E3133361306334 come from classical Chinese. For example, asking for fish from the edge of a tree (a jar? Hui Liang Wang Shang), a distant friend and a close attack ("Warring States Policy, Qin Ce III"), because of choking ("Lv Chunqiu? Swinging soldiers "), approachable ("Historical Records? Duke Zhou's family background) ... These familiar and concise idioms are all from classical Chinese, not to mention the allusions of "being wise after the event", "concentrating, failing again and being exhausted three times". Thirdly, classical Chinese contains rich philosophy of life, which can not only cultivate our sentiment, but also guide us to be a man: "Zou Ji can be sarcastic and teachable" tells us. "Ten Thoughts on Emperor Taizong" warns us to "be prepared for danger in times of peace, abstain from extravagance and thrift" ... The benefits of classical Chinese are far more than these. "The best way to learn * * * is to learn materials. "Only by sincerely liking classical Chinese can we learn classical Chinese well. Second, to learn classical Chinese, we should work hard on the vocabulary and sentence knowledge of classical Chinese. It is possible to read classical Chinese fluently. 1, pay attention to preview, learn to translate word by word with the help of notes before the self-study sentence-breaking class, and don't wait for the teacher to explain. When previewing, pay attention to find out difficult sentences and submit them to the class for discussion, and ask teachers and classmates. It is necessary to classify keywords, highlight key points and break through difficulties. There are quite a few notional words in classical Chinese that are polysemous and multi-purpose, so we should be good at using them. Learn the word "live". At the same time, the ancients wrote articles without punctuation marks. Therefore, how to punctuate a sentence directly affects the understanding of the content of the article. To punctuate sentences correctly, we should pay attention to the following points: first, accurately grasp the basic knowledge of classical Chinese, understand keywords, and judge the relationship between words clearly. Second, we should know some common sense of ancient culture, such as the expression of names of people, places and offices. Master some rules of dialogue, reporting and quotation in the text. For example, words such as "yue", "cloud" and "narration" are often used as signs before quoting and reporting content. Fourthly, according to the words commonly used at the beginning and end of a sentence, the words commonly used at the beginning of a sentence include Gai, Fu, Shi, Hou, You Shi, Ran Er, Ran Ze, Gong, Thief, I and so on. Modal auxiliary words, such as "you and", "thank you" and "in"; Disyllabic function words, such as "Ye Fu", "Yizai" and "Yunyun". Also often used at the end of a sentence. You can also break sentences according to common idioms in sentences, such as words indicating ordinal number and order, and words indicating questions. In addition, sentences can be broken according to common sentence patterns, fixed sentence patterns or rhetorical devices. 2. Understanding and appreciating classical Chinese can generally be divided into words and sentences according to the principle of "words cannot be separated from sentences". Words can be divided into two categories: content words and function words. Among them, notional words can be divided into five categories: ① monosyllabic words and disyllabic words. There are mostly disyllabic words in modern Chinese. For example, the word "wife" is a disyllabic word in modern Chinese, which means wife, while it is two monosyllabic words in classical Chinese, which means wife and children. (2) Different meanings in ancient and modern times, including synonym enlargement, word meaning reduction, word meaning transfer, emotional discoloration and name change. ③ The word is polysemy. For example, the word "Yin" means to open the bow. Procrastinate; Guide and lead; Take it and lead it; Retreat. Retreat. (4) general vacation, including general, borrowing, ancient and modern characters. Its basic law is "homophone substitution". ⑤ Flexible use of parts of speech, including: nouns as adverbials; Nouns are used flexibly as verbs; Adjectives as nouns; Adjectives are used flexibly as verbs; Causative usage, dynamic usage, intentional usage and passive usage. Whether it is a notional word or a function word, its meaning and usage are always displayed in a specific language environment. When accumulating classical Chinese words, don't memorize them by rote, but try to figure them out in combination with "context". 3. It is easy to remember and understand. Inverted sentences can be divided into subject-predicate inversion, verb-object inversion, object postposition and adverbial postposition. Thirdly, Chinese textbooks emphasize the reading and reciting of classical Chinese, with the intention that students can master the knowledge of classical Chinese, understand the meaning of the text and cultivate their language perception ability through more reading and reciting. In preview, they finish the task of rough reading. The first task of rough reading is to dredge the text, and then perceive the text on this basis and make a preliminary study on the whole. Read it two or three times according to the context, and then guess that you should be able to understand 60% to 70% of the text. In rough reading, you should draw difficult words for discussion in class. On the issue of sparse words, I think students should first accumulate some classical Chinese vocabulary. Because learning classical Chinese is like learning a foreign language, you don't have enough vocabulary, and everything is just castles in the air, so the accumulation of vocabulary is very important.