Please provide all the formations created by Zhuge Liang with explanations.

Since the Shu army's combat targets were Wei's infantry and cavalry, and the combat terrain was the Longyou Mountains, Zhuge Liang based on the actual situation of the Shu army, reformed the original eight formations and gave full play to the Shu army's infantry and crossbow The specialty of soldiers is more suitable for mountain combat. Zhuge Liang used his ingenious thinking to "deduce the art of war and make eight formations." His eight formation diagram is an innovative formation diagram based on the ancient eight formations. -pgagcWd)

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Zhuge Liang claimed that "the eight formations are completed, and from now on, we will not be defeated." People at the time also spoke highly of Zhuge Liang's eight formations. high. Even Sima Yi sighed: "There are geniuses in the world." Li Xing of the Jin Dynasty said: "The eight formations of pushers are not among Sun and Wu." 1oXIO>

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Zhuge Liang’s eight formations were lost in the Tang Dynasty, but Zhuge Liang once built eight formations on stones, leaving behind three remains of the eight formations: First, On the gravel beach by the Yufu River. Li Daoyuan of the Northern Wei Dynasty recorded: "The river flows eastward to the south of Zhuge Liang's fortress. The stone moraine is flat and wide, looking at both Sichuan and the mainland. There are eight formations made by Liang. They cross the old fortress in the east and are made of fine stones. From the fortress to the west, The eight rows of stones are gathered together, and the distance between the rows is two feet. Because the eight formations are completed, from now on, the troops will not be defeated. They are all seeking the right to hide their troops. Those who know deeply from now on will not be able to do anything this summer. As time goes by, the upper part can be two or three feet tall, and the lower part is completely obliterated.” The second one is at the old Gaoping base east of Dingjun Mountain in Hanzhong. "Shui Jing Zhu" said: "The name of Shandong is Gaoping, which is where Liang camped. Zhong Shiji conquered Shu, and in vain he built a temple to the east of the camp, which is the eight formation map. The foundation is slightly there, but it is difficult to recognize because it collapsed. The third place is in Xindu. Mimu Town (now part of Chengdu). Of these three sites, the first one is the best preserved. These 8,864 piles of stone ruins contain the information of the Eight Arrays. JsN/"r?5

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Now I will introduce the formation, maneuvers, formation battles, use of arms, and formation changes of Zhuge Liang's eight formations. kd TZ8

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1. Eight formations and principles Y Y.-vh

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The Eighth Formation is a group square formation. From the perspective of formation formation, each eight formations has eight directions. In each direction, there is a formation. There are eight central formations in the eight directions of the whole formation, namely sky, earth, wind, cloud, dragon, tiger, bird and snake. The so-called "divided into eight and then reunited into one" means that they are divided into eight central formations, and together they form one large formation. In the center of the eight formations are the generals and Yu Qi's soldiers directly under him. "If there is zero in the center, the generals will hold it." There is a saying in "Tang Li Wen Dui" that "the number of formations is nine", so the center of the eight formations can also be regarded as a central formation, so the Song Dynasty called the eight formations the nine-army formation. ssmvhS"

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Each central formation is usually organized into six small formations, and the center is organized into sixteen small formations. The entire eight formations are divided into six There are fourteen small formations. After the large square formation, there may be twenty-four small formations of rangers, so the *** is organized into eighty-eight small formations. Some people speculate that the formation of rangers is to organize the two small formations into one. In order to delay the enemy's attack during defense, obstacles such as rush cars and antlers were set up around the eight formations. b O3T!

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When forming, the deployment of troops within the formation follows the following three principles: L]:C]54.

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First, it is inclusive and symmetrical. The large, medium and small arrays have an inclusive relationship. The large array is composed of the middle array, and the middle array is composed of the small array. From the perspective of the entire formation, "formations between formations" and "large formations covering small formations" are maintained in balance, forming "corners and corners connected, twists and turns facing each other" (the corners of the formation are interconnected and echo each other, The left and right formations and schools A and B mentioned in Zhuge Liang's "Military Order" are the performance of the formation confrontation.

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Second, there is the combination of Zhongwai and Lihe. The Eighth Formation is divided into Zhongwai and Zhongwai, that is, it is divided into the center and the periphery. The main force is deployed in the periphery; a small but elite force is deployed in the center, forming a thick outer and thin center. The deployment of troops is heavy on the outside and weak on the inside. "The method of the eight formations is also the method of emptiness and formation." When arranging positions, we often pay attention to clutching. There are terrain obstacles such as hills, ravines, and trees, so we should pay attention to separation and make necessary dispersed deployment of our troops to avoid obstacles; we also pay attention to integration, and after dispersed deployment, we can quickly combine operations under unified command. U(/u2

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The third is Qizheng. When organizing, the troops are divided into regular troops (conventional combat troops) and Qi soldiers (unconventional troops). Combat troops). When distinguishing between odd and correct formations, divide the eight central formations into "four are correct and four are odd." When deploying odd and correct formations, "each is divided into one upright and one odd." , and also distinguished the soldiers of "Yu Qi", that is, the soldiers directly under the central general.

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2. Eight-array maneuver method "tj9 PP

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Eight-array compilation After the formation is completed, the direction can be adjusted at any time according to the change of the enemy's combat direction. Due to the symmetry of the formation, as long as the front part is changed to the rear part, the rear part is changed to the front part; or the left part is changed to the right part, and the right part is changed to the left part. You can turn around and move very flexibly. However, due to the large and complex formation, in order to maintain order, you are not allowed to run quickly when moving forward, and you are not allowed to run fast when retreating. This is the eight formations in "Tang Li Wen Dui". The mantra tells us that "the past is behind, the future is forward, there is no speed to advance, and there is no rush to retreat" 6Q8A%bZ8

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3. The eight-formation combat method DSO. ^G\9

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The eight formations have all-round combat functions. There are four positive formations that can serve as four heads (flanks), four odd formations, and four red formations. Acting as the eight tails (reinforcement troops), if any direction is attacked, the deployment of the main combat direction can be completed without making fundamental changes, forming a troop configuration at the head, flanks and rear of the formation. If one place is attacked, the adjacent left and right center formations can be used. Automatically serve as two wings to attack the invading enemy. This is what the "Xu Wu Jing Zong Yao" said: "Four heads and eight tails, the first is the enemy, rush into it, and save both ends." oKtoS,c