Miao Xiyong, whose name is Zhong Chun, was named Mu Tai. He was a famous TCM clinician and herbalist in Ming Dynasty, the grandson of Li Si Tang (who studied medicine from Zhu Yuanzhai, a famous Xing Wu scholar), and the sibling of Miao Chang, a scholar in Wanli. Originally from Changshu, Jiangsu Province, he lived in Changxing for many years, was a scholar in the examination, lived in Jintan County with Zhang Shitai, and lived in a city with Wang Kentang. Make good use of cool and moist drugs to treat diseases. After practicing medicine, he was diligent in writing, accumulated 3 years of hard work, and finally wrote many books, among which Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica and Xianxingzhai Medical Notes were his representative works. Main experience
Miao Xiyong was born in the 25th year of Jiajing (1546). His father died at the age of eight and his relatives and friends were separated. Because he suffered from malaria at the age of 17, he didn't recover after prolonged medical treatment. He checked Su Wen.) "Summer injury is bound to cause malaria in summer and autumn, and he cured his personal ailment according to the feeling of summer evil, and" the side is weak ",the portal declines, and the world is tired and entangled, so he often sees anger, hinders things and counts the baby's diseases." He became interested in the way of Qihuang, and he was with Sima, a disciple who entered the room in Wuxi Gao Panlong. He thinks that there are many warm Yangming syndromes, and he makes good use of pure alcohol, cold and cold to fold them. He is famous for reusing plaster to nourish yin. Whenever there is a distress or strange syndrome, "the common doctors care for each other but leave", and people "will hand over the quality and ask Mr. Miao". Miao has made many friends all his life. He once met Shen Jinheng (whose word is Liang Zhen), Zhang Sui Chen (whose word is Qing Zi), Wang Wenlu (whose word is Shi Lian, that is, Yi Yangsheng) and Tang Buyan, and constantly stayed with Renqiu monk Pei in the stream (staying in Jintan Xichan Temple), inspector Chen Chishi, don't drive Yu Runfu, Zhang Hengyang of the Ministry of Civil Service, Zhang Xuanpu of Imperial College, Shi Heting of Hanlin, and Si. In order to collect folk prescriptions, he wrote "Knife and Bi Decoction and Folk Medicine Left" (preface to Ding Yuanjian's "Notes on the Medicine of Awakening First"). He had a good friendship with Wang Kentang. He selflessly introduced his experience of enriching blood with Ziziphus Spinosae seed in Nanjing, and later passed on Shiseido Pill, an effective prescription for treating nasal congestion, invigorating spleen, promoting appetite, promoting digestion and stopping diarrhea. "All the books compiled by Fan Yutai were edited by Zhong Chun" (Wang Honghan's History of Ancient and Modern Medicine). Works
Shen Nong's Classic of Materia Medica and Notes on Xianxingzhai Medicine are his representative works. Academic content 1. Healing cold with change
Miao Gong's theory on treating typhoid fever, combining the differences of times and places, is quite "opening doors independently", and cutting Zhongjing into a law, such as treating the sun, abandoning Ma Gui and mainly using Notopterygium Decoction. This is because in the land of the south of the Yangtze River, "there is never a strong wind, but there is always damp heat." Notopterygium root is the key to dispel wind, dispel cold and remove dampness, so it is the monarch medicine. At the same time, perilla and scallion are added in autumn and winter. If the patient feels irritable, he will be cool if he likes it, hot if he doesn't like it, and thirsty at the same time, that is, if he wants to be introduced into Yangming, he should add gypsum, Anemarrhena asphodeloides and Ophiopogon japonicus to the Notopterygium Decoction, and the big dose will help him get rid of sweat. 2. creating three tips to treat hematemesis
when Miao zhongchun treated hematemesis, he thought that the pathogenesis of hematemesis was mainly yin deficiency and excessive fire, forcing blood to move rashly, liver qi rising too much, liver not hiding blood, and qi rising against fire to lung gold and injuring yang collaterals. Qi goes against blood, and fire rises and blood overflows. Of course, other bleeding such as hemoptysis and epistaxis caused by hyperactivity of qi and fire and liver failing to store blood can also be used. Therefore, three keys to treat hematemesis are put forward, that is, it is better to promote blood circulation than to stop bleeding; It is advisable to replenish the liver but not to cut it; It is advisable to reduce qi but not fire.
3. Pay attention to spleen and stomach.
Dongyuan's Treatise on Spleen and Stomach tends to promote yang and dryness. Although Miao advocated his theory, he developed it, so he should be careful to use bitter and cold products, such as Rhizoma Coptidis, Stems, Cortex Phellodendri and Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, so as not to hurt the spleen and drain it. However, warm and dry herbs that rob the body fluid, such as Atractylodes macrocephala and Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, are said to strengthen the stomach and remove dampness, but can save the standard, while taking too much can diarrhea the spleen, which can damage the body fluid. Therefore, it is also appropriate to stop, but not to use it indiscriminately. He pointed out that there are twelve syndromes of spleen deficiency, and the general prescription is the difference between spleen yang deficiency and spleen yin deficiency. Spleen yang deficiency should be warmed and nourished, while spleen yin deficiency should be cleared and nourished. For the body with long illness, spleen yang is injured and spleen yin is insufficient, so it should be treated with both spleen and yin. However, if the spleen likes dryness and hates dampness, it will flow into dryness, so Miao warned: "Only knowing that fragrance is dry and warming is the way to treat spleen, but not knowing that sweetness and coldness moisten and benefit yin." In view of this, he often uses ginseng, white lentil, yam, lotus seed, orange peel, poria cocos, fried licorice, jujube or jujube kernel, stone solution, adenophora, Ophiopogon japonicus, white peony root, Amomum villosum, malt and so on to regulate the spleen and stomach. 4. Distinguishing between true and false strokes < P > Miao Zhongchun believes that "there is a difference between true and false strokes, and the difference is a thousand miles." And point out their differences. In order to feel the exogenous wind evil, in the cold northwest, where the atmosphere is strong, people with empty qi are easy to do what they want, and can be divided into middle dirty, middle fu-organs and middle meridians. People with dirty organs die more, people with fu organs become useless, and people with meridians can be recuperated. The treatment of true Chinese medicine is to dissolve wind evil first, and then nourish qi and blood, so Xiao Xu Ming Tang can be used. Medicinal Cinnamomum cassia twig, Herba Ephedrae, raw and cooked Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata, Radix Angelicae Pubescentis, Radix Saposhnikoviae, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae and Rhizoma Arisaematis. In the category of "excessive heat and phlegm, the true yin is deficient, the internal heat is extremely intense, the body fluid is tortured, condensed into phlegm, the airway is blocked, and the heat is extremely hot, so that the servant suddenly becomes stiff." People who are sick are mostly in the south of the Yangtze River, where there is no strong wind but more damp and hot air, such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan and other places, and they are unconscious, or their mouth and eyes are skewed, or their language is astringent, or they are hemiplegic. In the early stage of the disease, it can be manifested as internal heat syndrome, such as dry mouth and bitter tongue, closed stool and short and astringent urine. Liu Hejian believes that the pathogenesis of "class-in-class" is that it is inappropriate to lose interest, and water does not control fire; Zhu Danxi thought that damp-heat fire, phlegm in the middle and qi in the middle. On the basis of absorbing their theories, Miao believes that internal deficiency and dark wind are indeed yin and yang deficiency, and there are many people with yin deficiency, which is different from external wind and evil. The method of clearing away heat (Radix Asparagi, Radix Ophiopogonis, Flos Chrysanthemi, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Poria, Trichosanthis Radix, and Toilet), harmonizing qi (Fructus Perillae, Folium Piperis, Orange, and Radix Curcumae), and removing phlegm (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, Semen Sinapis Albae, Bamboo Juice, Jingli, and Pericarpium Periplocae) should be used to treat the target, while the root cause should be nourishing yin (Radix Asparagi, Flos Chrysanthemi, and Radix Curcum Miao believes that if "Zhongzhong" misuses the medicine for treating "true stroke", it will "turn light into heavy, and if it is heavy, it will die." 5. Xin Liangfa Powder Treating Eruption
Miao Zhongchun summarized the main symptoms of Eruption as cough and sneezing, tears in eyes, diarrhea, excessive phlegm and heat, thirst, boredom, and even manic sore throat and faint lips. And summed up the characteristics of treating rash, pointing out that rash is caused by lung and stomach heat evil, "almost gas plague and so on!" Therefore, it is not appropriate to treat rash according to the syndrome, but when the root cause is cured to eliminate pathogenic heat, the syndromes will retreat. The pathogenic heat is mainly dissipated by cooling, and the pungent cold, sweet cold and bitter cold are used for medicinal purposes. However, it is best to avoid acid harvest, and it is best to be pungent and scattered, and the facilities are warmed up, which is a disaster. Xin San such as Schizonepeta Spica, Pueraria lobata, Salix Xihe, Gypsum Fibrosum and Herba Ephedrae; Cool as Scrophularia, mint and bamboo leaves; Sweet and cold, such as Ophiopogon japonicus, raw licorice and sugarcane pulp; Bitter and cold herbs such as Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Coptidis Rhizoma, Cortex Phellodendri, Fritillaria and Forsythia suspensa are also used. At the beginning, rash must be accompanied by cough, but it can't stop cough. If rash is accompanied by asthma, don't use asthma-relieving drugs. It is advisable to use a large dose of bamboo leaf gypsum soup with Xihe willow, Scrophularia root and mint. Anyone who is very hot, that is, add Xihe willow with white tiger soup, and avoid using Cimicifuga, which will make him gasp. Diarrhea patients should not stop diarrhea, but use Coptidis Rhizoma, Cimicifuga Rhizoma, Radix Puerariae and Radix Glycyrrhizae. It is believed that the rash family should not avoid diarrhea, and diarrhea will relieve the evil heat of Yangming. Cough after rash, to clear heat and eliminate phlegm, do not use astringents such as Schisandra chinensis. Postpartum diarrhea and pus and blood in stool are all caused by pathogenic heat, so it is forbidden to stop astringency, but it is better to ascend and disperse. Cimicifuga, Radix Puerariae, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Semen Lablab album and Rhizoma Coptidis are still used. After miliaria, the vitality comes back, and the spleen and stomach are weak. It is advisable to use Radix Paeoniae Alba and Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata as the monarch, and lotus meat, white lentils, yam, Ophiopogon japonicus and longan meat as the ministers. If you take more, it will become stronger. After the eruption, you should use honeysuckle, forsythia suspensa, Scrophularia, licorice, Huaishengdi, flax and coptis root. Clinical application
Miao Xiyong is diligent in studying medical methods, brave in practice, and unique in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. His diagnosis and treatment characteristics can be summarized as follows: (1) healing the cold through change; Create three tips to treat hematemesis; Pay attention to the spleen and stomach; Distinguish between true and false internal and external strokes; Xin Liangfa Powder for Treating Eruption. Anecdotal allusion
He visited the capital because of something, and entrusted Kang Mengxiu to support his mother. Her mother had diarrhea, and the Kang couple took care of it as a daughter-in-law. After her death, she "gathered beautiful materials" (see Li Yan's "Records of Old Stories in the South Wu", Volume II), which shows that she has a wide range of social contacts and all share weal and woe.
Miao Gong, a local hero, "attaches great importance to integrity and economy". When Yang Lian took office as Changshu magistrate of a county, he first visited him and humbly asked him for advice. Zhong Chun recommended Mao Qing, a millionaire in Hidden Lake, to help * * * develop water conservancy and teach him the experience of growing grain. He also encouraged Mao Jin, the son of Mao Qing, to visit Qian Qianyi in Fushui Mountain Villa as a teacher, build a library (Jigu Pavilion and Mugeng Building were built in Mao Shi), buy the Song and Yuan engravings at a high price, and make good paper (made in Mao Shi)
Miao Xiyong's personality is bold and unrestrained. Mr. Miao communicates with the members of Xileng Poetry Society. Every morning and evening, he "talks about the rise and fall of ancient and modern state affairs, the victory and defeat of military strategists, the wind is surging, and he wants to ruin the wall house". He is full of beans and dishes, "the wine is hot and the ears are hot", and he speaks out his mind, "Looking up to the sky and screaming" and is happy. People's evaluation
Miao's clinical argument is profound, the conception is clever, and the language is simple and the method is prepared, which is praised by many Tessa in later generations. Since Xue Ji, when the wind of warming and tonifying prevailed, Miao can boldly express his views and advocate coolness, which is worthy of appreciation and learning. After practicing medicine, he was diligent in writing and ploughing, accumulated 3 years of painstaking efforts, and finally wrote many books. Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica and the Notes on First Awakening and Zhai Medicine were his representative works, which enriched the treasure house of Chinese medicine, so he gained an outstanding reputation at that time and was passed down in the Ming history with Li Shizhen. Influence of later generations
Miao Xiyong's academic thought has a great influence on later generations. Miao believes that "typhoid fever" is a general term for many infectious diseases, and it is "typhoid fever" when it occurs in winter, and "febrile disease" and "fever" when it occurs in spring and summer, which belongs to "untimely and improper typhoid fever". No matter "typhoid fever" or "epidemic febrile diseases", the evil spirits must come from the nose and mouth. This is his original idea, which has great influence on the development of epidemic febrile diseases and epidemic febrile diseases in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and is one of the influential figures in the formation of the school of epidemic febrile diseases. In the treatment of vomiting blood, he put forward three tips for treating vomiting blood; For the treatment of spleen and stomach diseases, Miao is good at moistening and clearing the spirit; Miao Zhongchun's medicine for treating apoplexy is Ganrun Qingling, which opened the door for the clinical treatment of apoplexy in Qing Ye Tianshi and laid the foundation for Zhang Shanlei's eight methods for treating apoplexy. In the treatment of rash, his two books, Treatise on Simultaneous Treatment of Eruption and Continuation of Eruption, still play a guiding role in clinic.
Miao Xiyong thinks that from the Han Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, it has been "more than a thousand years, the atmosphere is lenient, the characters are brittle, and the situation is completely different from that of the northern soil, so its medicine can sometimes be changed, not against Zhongjing. Learn from what you want, change it, and follow the times. If so, the law will not end in poverty. "
"If blood fails to reach the meridians, qi goes against the meridians."
"The liver is the general's official, and it mainly stores blood. If the liver vomits blood, it will lose its duty. If the liver is nourished, the liver will be calm and the blood will return. If you cut it, you can't hide blood because of liver deficiency, and the more blood you have. "
"Excess of qi is fire, and when the qi drops, the fire drops; when the fire drops, the qi does not rise, and the blood moves with the qi, so there is no danger of overflowing the orifices. To reduce the fire, you must use a cold and cool agent, which will hurt the stomach. If the stomach is injured, the spleen will not be able to control the blood, and the blood will not return to menstruation. "
"those with stomach-qi, that is, acquired vitality. Based on grain qi, it is the saying: the pulse with stomach qi means life, and the pulse without stomach qi means death. He also said: if you are safe in the valley, you will be prosperous, and if you are out of the valley, you will die It can be seen that the innate qi is still not exhausted, and he will not be injured quickly when he is dirty. The stomach gas alone will be injured occasionally, so that it will die quickly. " "Valley gas, pi country reimbursement also, reimbursement of a must, then all stand apart; When the stomach qi is defeated, it is difficult to apply a hundred medicines. "