The Xia Dynasty (Emperor Yao) once established its capital in Kaifeng for 232 years, which was called Laoqiu in history. In the 8th century BC, during the Spring and Autumn Period, Zheng Zhuanggong built a granary city near Zhuxian Town in the south of Kaifeng, which means "expanding territory", hence the name Kaifeng. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Kaifeng was renamed "Kaifeng" for the taboo of Emperor Liu Qizhi, which is the origin of "Kaifeng".
In 36 1 year BC, during the Warring States Period, Wei Huiwang moved the capital to Daliang, which is the first time that Kaifeng has a clear historical record. After Wei Huiwang moved the capital to Daliang, he introduced the Yellow River water into Putian (now Putian, Zhengzhou), dug a gap and introduced Putian water into Huaihe River. With the prosperity of water conservancy, agriculture and commerce have been greatly developed and become increasingly prosperous. It also built the Great Wall, formed an alliance with the vassals, and became increasingly powerful, so that it dominated all countries, making Daliangcheng the most developed city in China at that time, alongside Xianyang of Qin State and Yingdu of Chu State. Wei Dingdu is a girder, which lasted 136 years. /kloc-during the period of 0/36 years, there were many stories about Mencius' wandering beams, stealing symbols to save Zhao, Sun Bin and Pang Juan, and left many historical sites in Kaifeng, which was worthy of being the first capital of Kaifeng ancient city.
After Qin unified the six countries, the county system was implemented, and Kaifeng, as the capital of the defeated country, was reduced to Junyi County, which belonged to Sanchuan County. As the name of Kaifeng, "Junyi" has been used for about 800 years. In 534 AD, when Emperor Xiaojing was in the Eastern Wei Dynasty, Liangzhou was established, which governed Chenliu, Kaifeng and Yang Xia counties. In the fifth year of Emperor Jiande of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Liangzhou was changed to Bianzhou, which was the beginning of Kaifeng being called Bianzhou, and it was changed from county governance to state governance. Kaifeng, which has been lost for hundreds of years, has slowly recovered its vitality, and Kaifeng has become one of the eight important warehouses on the water transport line of the Northern Wei Dynasty against the Southern Dynasties. The famous Jianguo Temple (Dasuoguo Temple) and Gu Temple (now around the iron tower) were built in the 6th year (555) and the 5th year (559) of Wen Xuandi Natural Forest Protection in Beiqi, respectively. The development of Buddhist culture has prepared for the prosperity of Tokyo culture. The Grand Canal, which was dug for more than 2,000 kilometers during the reign of Yang Di, is the main artery connecting the north and the south. The middle section of the Grand Canal is the Bianhe River connecting the Yellow River and Huaihe River. Kaifeng, which is located at the intersection of Bianhe River, is also an important gateway to Luoyang, the capital of the East. Kaifeng, which occupies the best time and place, has developed rapidly. After entering the Tang Dynasty, Kaifeng was also a metropolis with convenient land and water. In the fourth year of Wude in Tang Gaozu (AD 62 1 year), the general manager of Bianzhou was established, and in the first year of Tianbao in Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (742), Bianzhou was once changed to Chenliu County. In the second year of Tang Dezong Jianzhong (78 1), Li Mian, a relative of Li Tang, went to Bianzhou and built a 22-mile Bianzhou city. Later, Li Xilie rebelled, and Bianzhou was used to block the rebels for several months. Yongping made Li Mian expand Bianzhou City, which was large-scale, solid and broad, and was the embryonic form of Kaifeng City today. During the Five Dynasties, except the later Tang Dynasty, the capitals of Hou Liang, the later Jin Dynasty, the later Han Dynasty and the later Zhou Dynasty were successively Kaifeng, which was called "East Capital" or "Tokyo". Kaifeng in this period officially replaced Luoyang as the political, economic, cultural and military center at that time. Kaifeng, the capital of Hou Liang, has been established for seventeen years. Although the time is short, the rent in Kaifeng is relatively light, and the people have been recuperated. At the same time, the opening of Ding Liang has made the political center of China shift from the west to the eastern plain, which is of great milestone significance. In 923, Hou Liang perished, Luoyang was the capital of the later Tang Dynasty, and Kaifeng was still the seat of Xuanwu Army. In 936, Shi Jingtang destroyed the Tang Dynasty, established Houjin, and established Luoyang as its capital to Kaifeng. After 947, Kim died. Kaifeng is still the capital of the post-Han dynasty. In 95 1 year, Guo Wei launched a mutiny in Yizhou (now Puyang) to destroy the later Han Dynasty and build the later Zhou Dynasty. Guo Wei's diligence and love for the people, hard work and determination to reform brought a new atmosphere to the later Zhou Dynasty. In 954, Chai Rong of Zhou Shizong acceded to the throne. On the basis of Guo Wei, Chai Rong has made great progress in both internal affairs and military affairs by reorganizing its platform and reforming its malpractice system. Conquered Nantang for three times, won the land of "fourteen states in Huainan", resumed the water transportation between Jianghuai and Kaifeng, and further promoted Kaifeng's economy. In 955, 65,438+civilian workers were mobilized to build an outer city outside the original Bianzhou city.
In 960 AD, Zhao Kuangyin launched the "Chen Qiao mutiny" in front of the Houzhou Temple in Chen Qiaoyi (now fengqiu county, Xinxiang City), 40 miles north of Kaifeng Prefecture, and established the Northern Song Dynasty. 168 After the nine emperors, it was the most brilliant and dazzling period in Kaifeng's history, with a prosperous economy, a population of over one million, beautiful scenery and magnificent battlements. The history books even described Kaifeng as "Eight Wastes Struggle Together, All Nations share the same salt". Zhang Zeduan, a painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, painted a picture of the riverside at Qingming Festival, which depicts the bustling scenes and beautiful natural scenery on both sides of the Bianliang and Bianhe rivers in the Northern Song Dynasty. China's external traffic has changed from the Silk Road since the Han and Tang Dynasties to the sea on the southeast coast, and China's inventions such as gunpowder and printing have also spread all over the world. Kaifeng became the most prosperous and famous capital in the world at that time because of its great country.
In the second year of Jingkang (1 127), it was called "Bianjing" after the Jin Dynasty destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty. In the first year of Zhenyuan (1 153), Wan Yanliang, the king of Hailing, moved the capital to Daxing Mansion in Zhongdu, changed Bianjing to "Kaifeng Mansion in Nanjing" and became the capital of Jin State. 1 155, a fire broke out in the Forbidden City in Bianjing, and the building was almost destroyed. At the beginning of the sixth year of Zheng Long (1 16 1), Wan Yanliang invaded the Song Dynasty. At one time, "Nanjing Kaifeng House" was the ruling center. In the second year of Zhen You (12 14), Jin Xuanzong moved to Nanjing to escape the Mongolian army. In the second year of Tianxing (1233), Jin Aizong escaped from Kaifeng and moved to Telford (now Shangqiu) under the condition that Kaifeng was besieged by Mongolian troops.
After the Yuan Dynasty destroyed the gold, Kaifeng, Henan Province was established. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the Red Scarf Army, headed by Wang Xiaoming Han Liner, the first rebel in the world, established a "Dragon and Phoenix Club" peasant regime in Kaifeng.
In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang hesitated about where to make its capital. In March of the first year of Hongwu (1368), Xu Da led the Northern Expeditionary Army to capture Shandong and Henan. At this time, many people suggested to Zhu Yuanzhang that the capital city should be located in the capital city. In April, Zhu Yuanzhang inspected the capital of song dynasty and renamed it Kaifeng prefecture. Zhu Yuanzhang was satisfied with the results of the inspection, so he decided to settle here and set Yingtian as the capital city, implementing the dual capital system. But on the second day of August, the Northern Expeditionary Army of the Ming Dynasty was defeated by Dadu (now Beijing). In late August, in view of the change of the situation, Zhu Yuanzhang finally decided to make Nanjing his capital after weighing the advantages and disadvantages of Kaifeng.
In A.D. 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang changed Bianliang Road to Kaifeng House in Beijing. In A.D. 1379, he lost the title of Beijing and named his fifth son Zhu as the King of Zhou. Zhou Wang himself is very wise. Kaifeng is the seat of Henan Chengxuan Bureau, making Kaifeng the first city in the Central Plains, second only to Beijing and Nanjing, and an international metropolis.
After the Qing Dynasty ruled the Central Plains, Kaifeng City was rebuilt in A.D. 1662, and both Henan Province and Kaifeng Prefecture were located in Kaifeng. Due to the serious damage suffered by Kaifeng in the late Ming Dynasty, compared with the previous dynasties, Kaifeng's economy in the Qing Dynasty was eclipsed, and handicrafts, commerce and service industries were in decline. But Kaifeng, after all, is the provincial capital, and it still plays an important role as a commodity distribution center. In the late Qing Dynasty, Kaifeng was an important revolutionary center in Henan.
Reform in the Republic of China abolished Kaifeng and set up Yudong Road. In 3 years (19 14), Xiangfu County was changed to Kaifeng County. Kaifeng was founded in 18 (AD 1929). 2 1 year (A.D. 1932), the administrative supervision area was established. 1938, the Japanese army occupied Kaifeng and the provincial capital moved westward. The Japanese puppet government established the Henan provincial government in Kaifeng the following year. 1945 Japan surrendered and the Kuomintang government resumed its original organizational system in Kaifeng.
1On June 22nd, 948, the People's Liberation Army of China conquered Kaifeng for the first time, but it immediately withdrew due to strategic needs. In the same year1October 24th, Kaifeng was liberated again,/kloc-0 10, and in June, Kaifeng Special City was established, 165438, and the status of the provincial capital remained unchanged. 1954 10, the provincial capital was moved from Kaifeng to Zhengzhou, and Kaifeng was changed to a municipality directly under the central government. 1955 Zhengzhou District was moved to Kaifeng and renamed Kaifeng District. 1958, Kaifeng was placed under the jurisdiction of Kaifeng area. 1962, Kaifeng was restored as a provincial city. 1983, the system of "city with county" was implemented, and Kaifeng area was abolished. The five counties of Qixian, Tongxu, Weishi, Kaifeng and Lankao under the jurisdiction of Kaifeng City.
Kaifeng is a charming city with a long history and rich background. Kaifeng has a history of more than 465,438+000 years. During the Xia and Warring States periods, Wei established its capital here successively in the Five Dynasties, the Northern Song Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty, the Later Jin Dynasty, the Later Han Dynasty and the Later Zhou Dynasty, so it is known as the "ancient capital of the Eight Dynasties". Especially in the Northern Song Dynasty, Song Wenhua was born in Kaifeng, which inherited the Han and Tang Dynasties and enlightened the Qing Dynasty. Movable type printing, gunpowder and compass in China's "four great inventions" all came from the Northern Song Dynasty. Kaifeng is also a famous hometown of traditional Chinese opera, woodcut New Year pictures and drum art, with a long history of celebrity culture, Song Ci culture, food culture, Yellow River culture and official culture.
On June 5438+ 10, 2006, the price of Zhengzhou and Kaifeng Telecom was the same, and the long-distance tariff was cancelled or reduced.
From 20 13 and 10, Zhengzhou Kaifeng officially implemented the financial city.
20 13 10 Zhengzhou Kaifeng1October 26th, Telecom City * * used 037 1 area code, and the original number of Kaifeng was preceded by 2 digits of 0378 area code to quit the historical stage. In the master plan of Central Plains urban agglomeration, Kaifeng is proposed as a functional city of Zhengzhou metropolitan area, and some educational functions of Zhengzhou will be gradually transferred to Kaifeng, and Zhengzhou will no longer add land for higher education, making Kaifeng an educational base of Zhengzhou metropolitan area and realizing integrated development.
On September 20 14, the State Council approved the adjustment of some administrative divisions of Kaifeng City, the cancellation of Kaifeng County, the establishment of Xiangfu District of Kaifeng City, and the cancellation of Jinming District and its merger into Longting District. Jiandu Dynasty Dynasty Name Capital Location Capital Time Xia Laoqiu Kaifeng City East-North BC18th century to the end of BC17th century Wei Kaifeng City 3665438 BC+225 BC Kaifeng City Da Chu Bian Zhou 784 AD Kaifeng City 907-909 AD Kaifeng City 9 13-923 AD. Kaifeng, Tokyo, Han Dynasty, from 947 to 950, Kaifeng City, Bianjing, A.D. 1 132 to A.D.137, Kaifeng City, Nanjing, Jin Dynasty A.D. 1 1 year A.D. Elegance developed from girders, and its name originated from canal water. Today's Kaifeng City is developed on the basis of Junyi City. After the Qin dynasty destroyed the girders, the girders were placed in Junyi County. Kaifeng refers to the ancient city of Kaifeng from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the early Tang Dynasty. Located in Gucheng Village, about 5 Li southeast of Zhuxian Town, Kaifeng County. At that time, Zheng built a city here, meaning "opening up the territory", hence the name "Kaifeng". Today, Kaifeng is named after Kaifeng City. Kaifeng was renamed by Kaifeng. In the Western Han Dynasty, in order to avoid the taboo of Emperor Liu Qi, Kaifeng County was renamed Kaifeng County, and the place name of Kaifeng actually started from this time. Liangyuan, also known as Liangyuan, Rabbit Garden and East Garden, etc. It is the Hua Liyuan Cave built by Liu Wu of Liang Xiaowang in the Western Han Dynasty. The gardens are connected, and Fiona Fang is more than 300 miles. This is a great miracle in the history of China gardens. Liangzhou was named after Emperor Xiaojing established Liangzhou in Junyi County in the first year of Tian Ping in the Eastern Wei Dynasty (AD 534). It was established on the basis of Junyi City and is another alias of Kaifeng. The name Bianzhou originated from the reform of Liangzhou in the Northern Zhou Dynasty.
Zhu Wen, the great ancestor of Hou Liang, the capital of East China, established Hou Liang, and promoted Bianzhou to Kaifeng Prefecture, which governs 15 county and is called the capital of East China. Auspicious symbol is another name for Kaifeng. Bianjing, which began from the Five Dynasties to the early Northern Song Dynasty, officially began in 1 127, after the rulers ruled Tokyo. One of the Bianliang and Bianjing were born at about the same time, officially starting in the Yuan Dynasty. Woniu Town is commonly known as the outer city of Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty. The Naming of Xijing in the Puppet Qi Period. In the first year of Zhenyuan (A.D. 1 153), King Jin Hailing was renamed Bianjing Nanjing after the nomadic people in Nanjing captured Tokyo. In the early Ming Dynasty, due to the historical position of Kaifeng, Zhu Yuanzhang named Kaifeng "Beijing" for nine years after the capture of the Yuan Dynasty in the first year of Hongwu (A.D. 1368).