China is a writer, thinker, revolutionary and educator. Guangxu 7th year (188 1 September 25th) was born in Dongchangfangkou, Huiji County, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province. Formerly known as Zhou Shuren, the word Yushan, Yuting, Yucai. Besides Lu Xun, his pen names include Deng Jiang, Tang Yi, Deng Dangdai and Jiao Xiao. When I was young, I enjoyed my young master very much, and my family gradually declined and became penniless. Youth was influenced by the theory of evolution and Tolstoy's thought of fraternity. 1898 Lu Xun changed his name from Zhou Zhangshou to Zhou Shuren. 1902 went to Japan to study, originally studying medicine at Sendai Medical College, and later engaged in literary and artistic work, hoping to change the national spirit. 1905? D 1907, participated in revolutionary activities and published papers such as Moro Poetry and Cultural Deviation. During this period, I was ordered by my mother and wife Juan to return to China to get married. 1909 Co-translated the Collection of Foreign Novels with his brother Zhou Zuoren to introduce foreign literature. He returned to China in the same year and taught in Hangzhou and Shaoxing. 19 18 published the vernacular novel Diary of a Madman under the pseudonym of Lu Xun. Before that, he was a doctor and became a behavioral writer because of the war. Lu Xun was a "book lover" all his life. 1927 married Ms. Xu Guangping and gave birth to a boy named Zhou Haiying. 19361June19 died in Shanghai. His works were included in Complete Works of Lu Xun, His Works and Letters of Lu Xun, and various ancient books edited and revised by Lu Xun were reprinted. 198 1 year, The Complete Works of Lu Xun (16 volumes) was published. In 2005, The Complete Works of Lu Xun (eighteen volumes) was published. His works mainly include Blessing, The True Story of Ah Q and Diary of a Madman. Luxun Museum and Memorial Hall have been established in Beijing, Shanghai, Shaoxing, Guangzhou and Xiamen. Dozens of novels, essays, poems and essays by Lu Xun were selected into Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools. Novels such as Blessing, The True Story of Ah Q and Medicine have been adapted into movies. Lu Xun's works have been translated into more than 50 languages such as English, Japanese, Russian, Spanish, French, German and Arabic. , and has a wide audience all over the world.
Interviewee:? Where is Yu? -? The doorman? Level three? 10-2 1? 19: 15
Lu Xun (188 1.9.25? d？ D1936.10.19)1881was born in a ruined feudal scholar-bureaucrat family in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Formerly known as Zhou Shuren, the word Cai Yu. Together with his younger brother Zhou Zuoren, they were called "Zhou Brothers" during the May 4th Movement.
Lu Xun was the pseudonym he used when he published Diary of a Madman. The first meaning of this pen name is "fools should get up"; Secondly, I put my love on my mother Lu Rui. /kloc-Before he was 0/8 years old, he studied in my school and reflected the moon in Santan, our city. After school, he likes reading unofficial history's notes, loves folk art and draws rich nutrition from unofficial history and folk literature.
Lu Xun's family fell into poverty from Xiaokang family. He personally experienced two major events: first, his grandfather took bribes in the examination room; second, he took refuge in his mother and went to his uncle's house in the countryside, where he was ridiculed by the world and ridiculed by "beggars". Father is seriously ill and often goes in and out between pharmacies and pawn shops. This family fell into poverty from Xiaokang family, and in this way, he saw the true face of the world. While deeply appreciating the indifference of the world, it has also established a solid ideological and emotional connection with poor farmers. This had a profound influence on his later creation, life and thoughts.
1898, 18-year-old Lu Xun abandoned the so-called correct way of studying for exams and decided to "find another way, escape from a different place and seek a different place." He went to Nanjing to join Jiangnan Naval Academy, and the following year he was transferred to the Mining and Metallurgy School affiliated to Jiangnan Lushi Academy. At this time, he read Huxley's Evolution translated by Yan Fu, and the influence of evolutionary thought further stimulated his enthusiasm for reform and innovation.
1902 went to Japan to study, and in the face of the troubled motherland, I made the ambition of "I recommend Xuanyuan with blood" as my country. The "slide incident" made him realize that for stupid and weak citizens, "medicine is not the top priority" and "the first priority" is to change their spirit. At that time, he thought that the most effective means to change the national spirit was "literature", so he resolutely abandoned medicine and began to advocate enlightenment literature. He once organized "Freshman" magazine, but he aborted because of financial problems. Later, on the one hand, he translated foreign novels, and together with Zhou Zuoren, he translated foreign novels (1, 2). On the other hand, he introduced western philosophy and literary thoughts, and wrote important political and literary papers such as On Cultural Deviation and On Moro Poetry. The core of these articles is to call for breaking. Call for "Superman", praise the struggle spirit of Moro poets, and hope that China will have his own spiritual warrior. And gradually formed his own independent thought.
1909 (28 years old) Lu Xun returned to China and taught in Hangzhou and Shaoxing. Teach chemistry, biology and other courses. Novel writing began at 19 1 1, and the earliest works were Novels in Classical Chinese and Nostalgia with the Revolution of 1911 as the background. 19 12 at the invitation of Cai Yuanpei, he went to work in the Ministry of Education of Nanjing Provisional Government, and then moved to Beijing as the first section chief of the Social Education Department of the Ministry of Education. During the Revolution of 1911, I took part in revolutionary activities with great enthusiasm, but I was soon disappointed and caused great pain in my mind. So during my seven years in Beijing, I have been burying my head in copying ancient monuments and proofreading ancient books. At the same time, I have been quietly studying and thinking about all aspects of China's society and history, and summing up the failure lessons of the 1911 Revolution. After the restoration of Yuan Shikai, he fell into disillusionment and sank into ancient books. It is in this lonely mood that at the invitation of new literature friends, the creation of vernacular novels, vernacular poems and vernacular prose began almost at the same time. When his first novel Diary of a Madman was published in 19 18, he was already a middle-aged man who was almost "confused".
During the ten years from 19 18 to 1927, Lu Xun experienced the historical turning point from victory to failure in the May 4th Movement, the May 30th Movement and the Great Revolution, and his thoughts made great progress: on the one hand, his belief in evolution and individualism went from doubt to final destruction; On the other hand, he welcomed the October Revolution and doubted whether it was also a good medicine to save the nation from extinction. Through long-term practice and research, he finally believed that "only emerging proletarians have a future" and realized the fundamental transformation from evolution theory to class theory, from disloyal servants of gentleman class to true friends of proletariat and working people, and even soldiers.
In the "Women's Normal University Incident" around 1925 and the "March 18th" tragedy around 1926, Lu Xun was greatly shocked and frustrated. He left Beijing on 1926, never returned to Beijing, and never held an official position again. First, I went to Xiamen, where I became a professor of Chinese Department at Xiamen University, and then I went to Guangzhou (1927 65438+ 10), where I became a literary provost at Sun Yat-sen University.
In the 1930s, in the anti-cultural encirclement and suppression, Lu Xun swept the army and became the most influential Marxist thinker and left-wing literary leader at that time. Literary and artistic controversy. Since the birth of new literature, there have been disputes between old and new literature, as well as internal disputes of new literature, and most of these disputes were related to Lu Xun during his lifetime. For example, in the debate with Guo Moruo about "revolutionary literature", Lu Xun called Guo Moruo a "gifted scholar+rogue"; In the debate with Liang Shiqiu about the theory of human nature, Lu Xun called Liang Shiqiu "the running dog of capitalists". ? In the debate between "Beijing School" and "Shanghai School", Lu Xun said that "Beijing School" was close to the official and was helped by the official, while "Shanghai School" was close to the businessman and was helped by the businessman.
1928 10 Lu Xun settled in Shanghai and began his fighting life in the last ten years. 1936 65438+1October19 Lu Xun died in Shanghai at the age of 56.
Mao Zedong said in "On New Democracy": "Lu Xun was the leader of China's cultural revolution. He is not only a great writer, but also a great thinker and revolutionary ... Lu Xun is the most correct, courageous, resolute, loyal and enthusiastic national hero on the cultural front, representing the majority of the whole nation. Lu Xun's direction is the direction of Chinese new culture.
Lu Xun (188 1.9.25? d？ D1936.10.19)1881was born in a ruined feudal scholar-bureaucrat family in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Formerly known as Zhou Shuren, the word Cai Yu. Together with his younger brother Zhou Zuoren, they were called "Zhou Brothers" during the May 4th Movement.
Lu Xun was the pseudonym he used when he published Diary of a Madman. The first meaning of this pen name is "fools should get up"; Secondly, I put my love on my mother Lu Rui. /kloc-Before he was 0/8 years old, he studied in my school and reflected the moon in Santan, our city. After school, he likes reading unofficial history's notes, loves folk art and draws rich nutrition from unofficial history and folk literature.
Lu Xun's family fell into poverty from Xiaokang family. He personally experienced two major events: first, his grandfather took bribes in the examination room; second, he took refuge in his mother and went to his uncle's house in the countryside, where he was ridiculed by the world and ridiculed by "beggars". Father is seriously ill and often goes in and out between pharmacies and pawn shops. This family fell into poverty from Xiaokang family, and in this way, he saw the true face of the world. While deeply appreciating the indifference of the world, it has also established a solid ideological and emotional connection with poor farmers. This had a profound influence on his later creation, life and thoughts.
1898, 18-year-old Lu Xun abandoned the so-called correct way of studying for exams and decided to "find another way, escape from a different place and seek a different place." He went to Nanjing to join Jiangnan Naval Academy, and the following year he was transferred to the Mining and Metallurgy School affiliated to Jiangnan Lushi Academy. At this time, he read Huxley's Evolution translated by Yan Fu, and the influence of evolutionary thought further stimulated his enthusiasm for reform and innovation.
1902 went to Japan to study, and in the face of the troubled motherland, I made the ambition of "I recommend Xuanyuan with blood" as my country. The "slide incident" made him realize that for stupid and weak citizens, "medicine is not the top priority" and "the first priority" is to change their spirit. At that time, he thought that the most effective means to change the national spirit was "literature", so he resolutely abandoned medicine and began to advocate enlightenment literature. He once organized "Freshman" magazine, but he aborted because of financial problems. Later, on the one hand, he translated foreign novels, and together with Zhou Zuoren, he translated foreign novels (1, 2). On the other hand, he introduced western philosophy and literary thoughts, and wrote important political and literary papers such as On Cultural Deviation and On Moro Poetry. The core of these articles is to call for breaking. Call for "Superman", praise the struggle spirit of Moro poets, and hope that China will have his own spiritual warrior. And gradually formed his own independent thought.
1909 (28 years old) Lu Xun returned to China and taught in Hangzhou and Shaoxing. Teach chemistry, biology and other courses. Novel writing began at 19 1 1, and the earliest works were Novels in Classical Chinese and Nostalgia with the Revolution of 1911 as the background. 19 12 at the invitation of Cai Yuanpei, he went to work in the Ministry of Education of Nanjing Provisional Government, and then moved to Beijing as the first section chief of the Social Education Department of the Ministry of Education. During the Revolution of 1911, I took part in revolutionary activities with great enthusiasm, but I was soon disappointed and caused great pain in my mind. So during my seven years in Beijing, I have been burying my head in copying ancient monuments and proofreading ancient books. At the same time, I have been quietly studying and thinking about all aspects of China's society and history, and summing up the failure lessons of the 1911 Revolution. After the restoration of Yuan Shikai, he fell into disillusionment and sank into ancient books. It is in this silence?