Ming Shenzong Zhu Yijun (1563-1620) was the 13th emperor of the Ming dynasty. The following year (1568), Qin Long, the third son of Mu Zong Zhu Zaihou, was awarded the title of prince. In the sixth year of Qin Long (1572), Mu Zong died of illness and Zhu Yijun succeeded to the throne. In the second year, the title was changed to "Wanli", so later generations also called him Emperor Wanli. Zhu Yijun's 48 years in power are very contradictory: as a generation of British lords, with the assistance of ministers, the economy of the Ming Dynasty was unprecedentedly prosperous; He was also regarded by later generations as the laziest emperor in China in the past 28 years, and he was also extravagant and greedy, so he was condemned through the ages. Therefore, in the history of the Ming Dynasty, his imperial career always attracted more attention. Ming Shenzong Zhu Yijun reigned for 48 years and was the longest-serving emperor in the Ming Dynasty.
[Edit this paragraph] A detailed explanation of his life.
Emperor Wanli ascended the throne
Ming Shenzong Zhu Yijun (1563 ~ 1620) was the 13th emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and was born in the 42nd year of Jiajing (1563). Li Guifei, the biological mother, was originally the emperor's palace maid, but she was still interested at that time. In the first year of Qin Long (1567), Li Guifei became the imperial concubine. It is said that she gave her son Zhu Yijun a strict education and was determined to make him a promising king.
Zhu Yijun has been very clever since he was a child. He never forgets to read the classic history, and he is quite precocious. When he was 6 years old, he saw Zhu Zaihou galloping in the palace on horseback, so he stepped forward to stop the way and said, "My father is the master of the world, riding alone in the palace. If there is a negligence, it will be terrible. " Zhu Zaihou was deeply moved after hearing this, and he loved him even more. In the second year of Qin Long (1568), Zhu Yijun was made the crown prince. Qin Long six years (1572), Zhu Zaihou died on May 26th. On June 10, Zhu Yijun, who was only 10 years old, became emperor.
Wanli New Deal
Zhu Yijun was only 10 years old when he acceded to the throne, assisted by Gao Gong, Zhang and Gao Yi. With the support of Zhang Jiezhang, he carried out political and economic reforms in the first year of Wanli (1573). Politically, it is necessary to rectify the official management, implement the examination law, and inspect officials at all levels as the basis for promotion and enthusiasm; Militarily, rectify armaments, strengthen border defense, select generals who can recruit good fighters, strictly lead troops, and adopt a policy of appeasement and good neighborliness towards Mongolia; Economically, cleaning up the fields all over the country and implementing a whip method, the basic content is to merge taxes and fees and simplify the complicated ones; Unified service law, introduced into the underground; Land rent is levied on silver, and the official receives it. This can be called a major change in China's tax system, which has promoted the development of monetary economy. Zhang also managed the Yellow River and achieved good results. These measures eased social contradictions and the country's situation gradually recovered. At that time, the grain accumulated in Taicang could be used for 10 years, and the national treasury reached more than 4 million yuan. The Zhu Ming dynasty, which was in the crisis of rule, experienced a short period of recovery and prosperity, which was called the Renaissance in history.
It is said that Zhang is highly respected. He is always called Mr. Zhang and never calls him by his name. In class in winter, I always ask the little eunuch to cover Zhang's feet with a thick blanket to avoid freezing his feet. After Zhang's illness, he personally boiled medicine for him. In order to appreciate the emperor's kindness to meet him, Zhang redoubled his efforts and personally managed the dynasty in an orderly way.
Wanli pro-government
In the tenth year of Wanli (1582), Zhang, a famous minister, became ill from overwork at the age of 58. It is said that Zhang will give Wenzhong, Zhu Guo, silver, Shangbao and 520 silver to be buried with him one day. However, two years later, in the twelfth year of Wanli (1584), Zhu Yijun's attitude changed a hundred and eighty degrees: Mr. Fu Yuan, who was loyal before his death, turned into a "big traitor" who was disloyal to his country after his death. The reason is that Zhang's integrity has offended many ministers, and his reforms have also touched many conservative forces. After his death, some conservative ministers who lost power in the political reform took the opportunity to fight back and demanded the impeachment of Zhang and his supporters. Perhaps with the growth of age, I became more and more dissatisfied with Zhang Yue, who used to bully the weak and fear the strong. Maybe he is a little tired under Zhang's strict management. When Conservative ministers still made these demands, Zhu Yijun felt that he really should do so.
Zhu Yijun also knows that if he wants to establish his authority as an emperor, he must get rid of Zhang's influence. If he wants to get rid of Zhang's influence completely, he must liquidate Zhang and overthrow Zhang. Only in this way can we lay a solid foundation for ourselves to start leading the government and monopolize power in North Korea, and thus liquidating the dead Zhang will become the first major event after leading the government. But I know that when Zhang was alive, he once valued Zhang and made many promises. To realize this change now, we must look for opportunities and excuses, and we must plan and step by step. But where to start? After weighing the pros and cons, he decided to start with Feng Bao.
In December of the 10th year of Wanli (1582), Feng was relieved of his position as a prefect and his property was confiscated for the crime of deceiving the monarch. When Zhang was alive, he and he were interdependent, and no one could live without anyone. When it collapsed, Zhang was doomed. As expected, all the people who used to be reused by Zhang were removed from office, and at the same time, the reputation or official position was restored for those who opposed Zhang in the past. Soon, Zhang's official position and posthumous title were seized, his property was confiscated and his family was detained.
Wanli is idle in politics.
The total denial of Zhang's political reform marks that I have changed from diligent politics to lazy politics, completely abandoning politics and making great efforts to govern. When he got rid of the shackles of Zhang completely, he began his dictatorship. Since then, Zhu Yijun has completely changed into another person: the elegant demeanor and demeanor of the young emperor in the past no longer exist, and instead, he has lived in the forbidden palace for many years, addicted to alcohol, lusted after lust, greedy for money, inflated selfish desires and acted dissolutely.
Behind the dictatorship, there must be a serious crisis. In February of the 20th year of Wanli (1592), the deputy commander of Ningxia rebelled. In May, Japan launched a war of aggression against the DPRK; At the same time, there was a rebellion in Yang Yinglong, Bozhou, in the southwest. Zhu Yijun was forced to fight on three fronts, which is the famous "Three Expeditions of Wanli". The three expropriations lasted for more than ten years. Although they won a great victory, they lost hundreds of thousands of teachers and spent tens of millions of silver. The treasury was empty and the people were miserable, so the Ming Dynasty began to decline step by step.
As Zhu Yijun lived in seclusion in the deep palace, the late Jin Dynasty in the northeast rose rapidly. Nuerhachi unified the tribes in Manchuria for thirty years, and established the post-Jin regime in forty-four years of Wanli (16 16), forming a local regime opposite to the Ming Dynasty. In order to cope with the military expenditure of the Liaodong War, Zhu Yijun ordered to distribute additional land tax to the people in three times, which is called "Liao Xiang". Instead of helping, this move made the people miserable, class contradictions intensified, and the crisis of the demise of the Ming Dynasty had already formed. Therefore, later generations commented, "Ming's death was not caused by Chongzhen's loss of virtue, but by laziness."
In the last 20 years of Zhu Yijun's rule, he was basically an emperor who ignored state affairs. Therefore, Meng Sen, a modern historian, called Zhu Yijun's late pro-government period "drunken dream period" in the Lecture Notes on the History of Ming and Qing Dynasties, and said that it was characterized by "being lazy to face the DPRK, being brave in collecting money, not living in a suburban temple for 30 years, and being isolated from foreign dynasties".
In fact, Zhu Yijun's personal rule in his later period was not only "lazy to face the DPRK and brave to collect money", but more importantly, he indulged in debauchery and wealth. In October of the 14th year of Wanli (1594), Lu Hongchun, director of the Ritual Department, once said that Zhu Yijun was "drinking and having fun day and night". In December of the seventeenth year of Wanli (1589), Luo Zeng, a left critic of Dali Temple, called on his door, criticized his drinking, indulgence and wealth, and presented him with "four proverbs". Zhu Yijun went on the rampage and was furious after reading it. Since then, this paper has been blank. The content of Luo Shangshu should be basically true.
Zhu Yijun, the underground palace of the Ming Tombs, is famous for its lewdness. In March of the 10th year of Wanli (1582), Zhu Yijun took a concubine in the civil service election and married "nine concubines" in one day. Moreover, while playing with women, he also played with the little eunuch. At that time, there were 10 handsome eunuchs in the palace, who specialized in "serving orders or lying with superiors" and were called "Ten Handsome".
Zhu Yijun's greed for money was the most famous among the Ming emperors. There are many examples of his greed for money: after leading the court, he confiscated the property of He Zhang and let all eunuchs Rizo move into the palace to be at his own disposal; In order to plunder money, he once plundered the wealth of the people in the name of picking up wood, burning fire, weaving and purchasing. In the 19th year of Wanli (159 1), more than 230,000 pieces of porcelain were burned in Jingdezhen Imperial Kiln Factory alone. In order to plunder money, he also sent eunuchs to serve as tax inspectors in mines many times, searching for people's fat and paste everywhere. Moreover, the tax items are strange, with nothing and no land, which makes the people complain.
The lack of officials is very serious, because all sects do not care about state affairs. Yuan Keli, the ambassador, used the opportunity of Jingde Gate in Lei Zhen to attack the state affairs, and the angered Emperor Zongshen was dismissed for the people. Sects are above, officials are below, and the government is completely idle. There are many parties in the bureaucracy, and they are in conflict with each other.
Forty-eight years (1620) in March, due to long-term debauchery, coupled with the fiasco of Liaodong and state affairs, Zhu Yijun finally became seriously ill. On July 2 1 day, he breathed his last breath in Hongde Hall, at the age of 58, and was buried in Dingling. This "first achievement" was carefully created by himself more than 30 years ago, and posthumous title named it "Fan Tianhe Daoist Su Dun Jianguang Zhang Wu 'an Xiao Zhi Xian Di".
[Edit this paragraph] Detailed description of major events
Three signs
It refers to the Bozhou campaign during the period of Zhu Yijun (1573 ~ 19), the Wanli emperor of Ming Shenzong, to quell the rebellion in Ningxia and support North Korea in resisting Japanese aggression. The three wars were successful, but the manpower and material resources of the Ming Dynasty also suffered great losses.
The battle of Ningxia was to suppress the rebellion of worshipping ghosts. Bai Yuan was a Mongolian. During the Jiajing period, he turned to the Ming Dynasty, and he made meritorious deeds and was promoted to the command of the capital. At the beginning of Wanli, he was a guerrilla general, commanding thousands of troops and horses, tyrannizing Ningxia and saving his life. In the seventeenth year of Wanli, he and his deputy were all officials. In nineteen years, the Taohe River was in an emergency, and three thousand people were invited to follow it to Jincheng. When they saw that the soldiers in the town were out of the way, they took the road to the Great Wall on their way home, and the soldiers also avoided it. Because of their arrogance, they have the heart to despise China and foreign countries. On February 8, 2010, the governor's party letter was punished and charged with the crime of reimbursement. On February 18, 2000, he reconciled his son Cheng En, his son Xu Yun and Xiu, and ordered Liu Dongyuan, the military front, to rebel, kill the Party letter and its deputy stone, set fire to the government, collect the seal and release the prisoners. Zhang Weizhong, the company commander, was coerced by the party to report "sudden change in salary deduction" and asked for a seal, but hanged himself. Since then, Dong Yun claimed to be the company commander, taking worship as the teacher, Cheng En and Xu Chao as the left and right company commanders, and Wen Xiu and Xu Yun as the left and right generals, occupying Ningxia Town and sacrificing alliances. He sent troops to Zhongwei, Guangwu, Yuquanying, Lingzhou (now Lingwu, Ningxia) and other cities, but Pinglu could not persist. The rebels also used the grazing in Xuhuamachi area as bait and had to enlist the help of Mongolian leaders such as rabbits. The stronger their strength, the whole Shaanxi shook. On March 4th, Shao Li, the deputy company commander, was ordered by Governor Wei Xuezeng to take the company commander to take action, but the rebels relied on the support of Mongolia and were very powerful. Since then, Ma Gui, the deputy governor of the Ming Dynasty, rushed to help. You led the Cangtou army to attack the city while blocking the cover of Mongolia, and gained a lot. In April, Li was transferred to the general company of Ningxia, supervised by Mei Guozhen, the suggestion of Zhejiang Province, and unified Liaodong, Xuanda, Shaanxi, Zhejiang and Miao troops to carry out encirclement and suppression. In July, Magway and others destroyed Taub's camp, chased him to Helan Mountain and drove him out of the fortress. Under the command of Ye Mengxiong, the governor of Primary School, reinforcements from all walks of life surrounded Ningxia City and decided to fill it with water. The rebels lost foreign aid, and the city ran out of ammunition and food. At the same time, internal conflicts broke out. On September 16, Liu Dongyuan killed Xiuhe with courtesy, and killed Liu Dongyuan the following week. The army was distracted. After Li broke into Dachengchi, he besieged the whole family and committed suicide behind closed doors. Paul and others were captured. At this point, all the chaos of worship subsided.
Bozhou is located between Sichuan, Guizhou and Hubei, with dangerous mountains and rivers and far away from Wan Li. Since Tang Yangduan, the Yang Dynasty has ruled this place and accepted the appointment of the Central Dynasty. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, it was attached, and Ming appointed him as the Xuanwei ambassador of Bozhou. At the beginning of Wanli, he was appointed as the ambassador of Bozhou Propaganda and Comfort Department. He was arrogant and evil, and he made public insurrection for seventeen years in Wanli. The Ming Dynasty hesitated about the chaotic situation in Yang Yinglong and failed to take effective measures. So, on the one hand, Ying Long pretended to pay for the Ming Dynasty's atonement; on the other hand, he led Miao soldiers into dozens of bunkers and towns in Sichuan, Guizhou, Huguang and other places, ransacking and killing residents, raping and plundering. In twenty-six years, Tan Xisi, the governor of Sichuan, fortified Qijiang and Hejiang (now Luzhou East, Sichuan). In the second year, Yang Feng, the governor of Guizhou, ordered him to lead an army of 3,000 people to suppress it. Yang was defeated and killed. The Ming court ousted Jiang Dong and replaced him with Guo. Li Hualong, a former adviser to the imperial court and assistant minister of the Ministry of War, was also used to take charge of military affairs in Sichuan, Hunan and Guizhou provinces, and transferred Liu Ge, Magway, Chen Lin and Dong Yiyuan to the south. Twenty-eight years, conscription, in February, under the command of the governor Li Hualong, Ming army was divided into eight roads, each with about thirty thousand people. Liu Ge invaded the Qijiang River, breaking the natural barriers of Nanmushan, Yangjiantai and Sanmao. He also defeated Miao Jun, the son of Yinglong, and unified the East. Qin Liangyu, a heroine, and her husband Ma Qiancheng also led troops to capture seven villages, including Zhu Jin, and captured Sangmuguan with Youyang and other toast, ranking first in Nanchuan Road. Several other Ming armies also won. At the end of March, Liu Ge captured Loushanguan. In April, Yang Yinglong led Miao to die and was defeated again. Jin Ge occupied the natural barrier of Yang Yinglong, African Claw and Haiyun, and arrived at Hailongdun (now northwest of Zunyi), surrounded by various armies. In June, Liu Ge broke into another big city. Knowing that the tide was over, Ying Long hanged himself with his second concubine Chaodong. The Ming army entered the city and the state was safe. Later, it was divided into Zunyi Heping Yue, which belonged to Sichuan and Guizhou.
The Korean War was a war to aid Korea and expel Japan. In the 20th year of Wanli, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who was in power in Japan, ordered Katou Kiyomasa and Konishi Yukinaga to capture Busan in North Korea, cross the Tianjin River and advance towards Wang Jing (now Seoul). Korean king Liu Yun indulged in debauchery and relaxed his arms, and the army suffered a crushing defeat. Li Yong fled to Pyongyang and later to Yizhou (now northeast of Sinuiju). After the Japanese invaded Wang Jing, they destroyed graves, robbed princes, accompanied ministers and robbed treasuries. Also broke into Kaesong and Pyongyang. Almost all of the Eighth Route of Korea fell. In this situation, the Ming Dynasty sent troops to aid Korea at the request of North Korea. However, due to the weak strength of the serenade and unfamiliar geography, the guerrilla Shi Ru died, and Zu Chengxun, the deputy commander, was only exempted. After the defeat of the Ming court, Song Yingchang was the commander and Li was the prefect's crusade army, which assembled 40,000 soldiers and horses and left for North Korea. In the first month of the following year, he attacked Pyongyang, defeated Konishi Yukinaga, won a great victory in Pyongyang, and then reopened the city to turn the tide. Later, he marched on Wang Jing, but because he underestimated the enemy, he suffered heavy losses in Bitou Pavilion, three miles away from Wang Jing. In March, Liu Gan and Chen Lin led troops to the DPRK. The Ming army seized Tianjin, Baoshan and other places and cut off the supply of Japanese military supplies. The Japanese army was short of food and had to give up Wang Jing and retreat to Busan and other places to start negotiations with the Ming army. Shi Xing, the minister of the Ministry of War of the Ming Dynasty, made peace. However, the talks broke down because of Japan's unreasonable request to take Datong River as the boundary. Twenty-five years, the Japanese army attacked again, and Ming Shenzong Zhu Yijun sent Shi Xing to prison, with Xing Jun as the governor of Hebei and Liao and Ma Gui as the Japanese general, and transferred soldiers and Wusong sailors from Hebei, Liao, Fu Xuan, Datong, Shaanxi, Fujian and other places to aid Korea, and raised Sichuan and Han soldiers to help. In February of the following year, the Ming army was divided into four roads, with Li Rumei in the middle, Magway in the east, Liu Gan in the west and Chen Lin in the waterway. Chen Lin cooperated closely with Li Shunchen, the general of North Korean water army, and defeated the most elite enemy Konishi Yukinaga at sea. In August, Toyotomi Hideyoshi died, the Japanese army retreated, and the Chinese-Korean allied forces took advantage of the situation, and the Japanese army was defeated. However, Li Shunchen and Deng Zilong, a veteran of the Ming army, also died in the naval battle with the Japanese. 1 1 month, the war is basically over.
Although the three battles won, they also caused great losses to the manpower and material resources of the Ming Dynasty. The history book says: "In twenty years, Ningxia used soldiers and spent more than two million. North Korea fought for eight years in winter and spent more than seven million yuan. In twenty-seven years, Bozhou used soldiers and spent two or three million yuan. The three major levies, the country uses a big pot of rice. " After these three battles, the vitality of the Ming Dynasty was greatly damaged, which became one of the important reasons for the demise of the Ming Dynasty.
Moreover, since the Wanli period, with the arrival of the "Little Ice Age", the grain output in northern China has been greatly reduced, and military households have to fight and engage in various kinds of labor such as weapons making. In the case of insufficient numbers, the military camp did not plant it. Therefore, Wanli searched for mining tax, commercial taxes and porcelain mines, and relied on these funds to ensure the combat effectiveness of the border guards. Therefore, although Wanli won the great martial arts of the "three major feats", it can't help but leave the reputation of "Wanli tyranny" in history.
Harm of mining tax
In the 24th year of Wanli (1596), Ming Shenzong sent eunuchs as tax inspectors to plunder businessmen. Once it is thought that there are seedlings underground, all the houses will be demolished to facilitate mining. When mining fails, the merchants nearby will be accused of "stealing" and must pay all the compensation for "stealing". Wherever the mine supervisor went, the people gave their money, "flogging officials and plundering tourists were anathema to merchants", "his party went straight into people's homes, raped women, or plundered the tax supervision department, and the people were angry", while "the emperor didn't ask" became a major evil policy in the Ming Dynasty. Records of Zhu Geng said sadly: "Today's regime is not a cabinet, but a ceremony." Shen Li, a college student, also pointed out in "Please Stop Mining Tax" that "all mining taxes are paid by the company to the people to compensate". Tadashi Nakata, appointed by Hook, criticized him beyond forbearance and said, "Money is the lifeblood." From the twenty-fifth year of Wanli (1597) to the thirty-first year of Wanli (1605), mining tax brought nearly three million silver into the state treasury, "half the floating fee, half the jewelry", and more property flowed into the eunuch's pocket.
The rise of jurchen
Just when Emperor Wanli was idle, Nurhachi, a nation of Nurhachi in Northeast China, rose, which became a hidden danger of the Ming Empire in the future.
16 19, Levin, commander of Liaodong Military Region, attacked Houjin and was defeated by Salhu, killing more than 40,000 people. Kaiyuan and Tieling fell, and Beijing shook. Before the situation in Liaodong was reversed, Zhu Yijun used Xiong Tingbi to defend Liaodong and stationed troops to build a city. However, Zhu Yijun's decapitation politics in the past 30 years has completely stopped, even the "draft ballot" and "Zhu Pi". Even though military science and technology were ahead of the times, agricultural technology was obviously superior to that of the previous dynasties, and the administration of the Ming Dynasty was paralyzed for many years.
Therefore, historians have always agreed that "Shi Ming died in Wanli", and so did the great leader Chairman Mao who read Shi Ming's works. Traditionally, the prosperity of a political power, no matter how big the factor is, can never be an external cause. There is an old saying that "if foreign patients cannot be defeated, the country will not die." The post-Jin regime outside the customs only accelerated the demise of the Ming Dynasty. The real reasons for the demise of the Ming Dynasty include its own rigid financial system and the subsequent economic problems, all of which belong to the economic base. The collapse of the superstructure has been corrupted, making it impossible for the Ming Dynasty to continue to operate and survive in the face of rare natural disasters such as the Little Ice Age and plague in the late Ming Dynasty.
The demise of the Ming Dynasty can never be simply attributed to foreign enemies. On the contrary, the rise of the Manchu dynasty just made the lax administrative system of the Ming dynasty start working again. Until the apocalypse, the Yen Party slaughtered Lindong Party, and there were almost no people in Korea who could really do things for the people and the country. Then the Ming Dynasty ushered in the sunset moment.
Taking history as a mirror, no matter what national policy line China takes in the future, the ruling class must amend the law and create a clear political environment, so as to deal with all foreign enemies and remain invincible for a long time.
[Edit this paragraph] Zongshen's death
Zhu Yijun died in the second year after the Battle of Salhu (1620) and was buried in Dingling. The Ming Dynasty Mausoleum mentioned that Wanli Dingling was excavated in 1958, and the remains of Wanli were restored. "His upper body was hunched before he died."
[Edit this paragraph] Memorabilia
Sweet potato was introduced into China.
Six Years of Wanli —— Li Shizhen wrote Compendium of Materia Medica.
In the 12th year of Wanli, Matteo Ricci drew the first map of China world, Shan Hai Jing.
In the 12th year of Wanli, Zhu Zaiyu published Lu Lu Jing Yi.
Twelve years of Wanli-Dingling was opened.
Twenty-nine years of Wanli-Matteo Ricci introduced oil painting to China.
Twenty-nine Years of Wanli —— Yang Jizhou wrote a masterpiece on acupuncture.
July13, thirty-three years of Wanli —— An earthquake of magnitude 7.5 occurred in Qiongzhou, Hainan.
Thirty-six years of Wanli-Catholicism was introduced to Shanghai.
be born
Six years of Wanli-Shen Defu, writer.
Twelve years of Wanli-Hu, engraver.
Thirty-nine years of Wanli, 65438+ October-Zhu Youjian, Ming Sizong
stop
Twenty-two years of Wanli-Liang Chenyu, playwright.
Ten Years of Wanli-statesman Zhang
Thirty-three years of Wanli-Yi Tian, eunuch.
[Edit this paragraph] Evaluation
"History of Ming Dynasty": "Therefore, it means death, and it actually died in Shenzong." Zhao Yi's The Harm of Mining Tax in the Twenty-second History of Wanli: "The commentator said that Ming died, not in Chongzhen, but in Wanli." In the Monument to the Immortal Virtue of the Ming Tombs, Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty said: "The demise of the Ming Dynasty was not because of hooligans, but because of the absurdity of Shintoism and the tyranny of eunuchs at the time of the apocalypse. Ministers are interested in money, and hundreds of officials specialize in flattery. And four acceded to the throne, although the inverse castration has passed, but the trend of the world, such as a river, can never be re-plugged, fish rotten can not be re-collected. However, the censorship is too harsh, and people are relieved. Wang did not report his sufferings, so he became a thief, and the thief took advantage of it, while Mingshe went home. Oh! There are people in the world, but I don't know what to be afraid of? "
Since Wanli, with the arrival of the "Little Ice Age", the grain output in northern China has been greatly reduced, and military households have to fight and engage in weapons making and other labor. In the case of insufficient numbers, there are no kinds of barracks. Therefore, Wanli searched for mining tax, commercial taxes and porcelain mines, and relied on these funds to ensure the combat effectiveness of the border guards. Therefore, although Wanli has won the great martial arts of "three major feats", it can't help but leave the notoriety of "Wanli tyranny" in history.
In the book "Fifteen Years of Wanli", Huang Renyu linked the laziness of Wanli emperor with the confrontation between Wanli emperor and civil servants with the concept of "the struggle between the establishment and the storage". Ignoring the government was the revenge of Emperor Wanli on the civil service group. Huang Renyu said, "When did he (Emperor Wanli) undergo great changes? No one can give a definite answer. However, dating back to the issue of succession to the throne and a series of problems that made the emperor feel extremely unhappy, then 1587 Dinghai, that is, fifteen years of Wanli, can be used as a boundary. There was no major turmoil on the surface this year, but it was particularly important for the history of North Korea. "
However, from the psychological point of view, Zhu Yijun's political laziness can also be understood as the clinical manifestation of learned helplessness or depression.
At the end of the article "Fifteen Years of Wanli", it is concluded that "1587 is Wanli 15 years, and it seems that the world is peaceful and there is nothing to remember. In fact, our Ming empire has reached the end of its development. At this time, the emperor tried to govern or indulge himself, recording dictatorship or reconciliation, senior generals were creative or used to peace, civil servants were clean or corrupt, and thinkers were extremely progressive or absolutely conservative. The final result is that there is no distinction between good and evil, and all of them cannot achieve meaningful development in fact. So our story has to end tragically here. Wanli Dinghai Yearbook is a total record of failure in history.