Who were the famous generals in the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Southern and Northern Dynasties?

Yu Wentai (505-556), the founder of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, was a famous politician in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and was the supreme commander of Western Wei Jun. He was once the prime minister of the Western Wei Dynasty, a surname, commander-in-chief of Chinese and foreign armies, and a general of Zhuguo. First out of the Huns, then Yan returned to Wei and moved to Wuchuan (now Wuchuan, Inner Mongolia). After Prince Yuwen Jue proclaimed himself emperor, he respected him as Mao and died as Emperor Wen. During the Six Towns Uprising in the last years of Northern Wei Dynasty, he took part in the rebellion of Li Xiu and Jung, a salted fish, and later transferred to Zhu Rong's department under He Bayue. Because Wei Xiaowu was at odds with Gao Huan, he entered Yu Wentai and appointed him as general, secretariat and secretary of Yongzhou. The following year, Yu Wentai killed Emperor Xiaowu, made Yuanbao the Emperor Wen, and changed the Yuan Dynasty to Datong and the Western Wei Dynasty, but the political power was actually in the hands of Yu Wentai.

Yu Wentai was good at strategy and command, and fought with the Eastern Wei Dynasty many times, winning and losing each other. He also asked West Wei Wendi to marry Princess Rouran as the queen, and abolished the original queen as Nepal, and finally died to please Rouran. It is good for Turks to send envoys. He attacked the Southern Dynasties and captured Yizhou and Jingyang successively. In the aspect of political reform, Datong adopted Su Chuo's suggestion in the first year, formulated the official document format, distinguished financial expenditure and income with pen and ink, and established the accounting system of household registration book and the next year's big class. In the seventh year of the great unification, six imperial edicts that local officials must abide by were formulated: purity of mind, education, geographical location, respect for sages, sympathy for prison proceedings and uniform service. He also established the system of government soldiers and expanded the source of soldiers, which was followed by Sui and Tang Dynasties. Later, after Zhou Li, Lu Bian was ordered to change the official system, and the government proclamation should also imitate the style of the pre-Qin period. Restore Xianbei's old surname, order the Han people to attack the 36 surname as the upper name and the 99 surname as the lower name, and change the foot soldiers from the Xianbei surname of the Lord.

History book evaluation:

Taizu knew how to make good use of people, listened to people's advice, advocated Confucianism, understood politics, trusted things, was able to control heroes and heroes, and fought bravely. The prisoners from Shayuan, the prisoners released and used, and the battle of He Qiao all won their strength at the speed of fighting. All the generals will go out and get a general plan, and all the people will win. Sex is simple, unobtrusive, always anti-custom, and retro-oriented.

Mitchell said, "The water calendar will end, the mob will release their lives, or authority will shake the Lord, or they will rebel against the sky." . Salty, that is, big treasures can be forced to levy, and sacred objects can be obtained. It is necessary to look at Jiuding and admire the two palaces, but also to punish foreigners without dying. It is to know that the king usurped thieves and eventually became the capital of Jianwu; China film is ferocious, and he really started his career. Fate has a bottom, mediocrity can be profound.

Taizu field has no success and no trip. When driving a military vehicle, it is between ranks. If you have the ability, you can have a holy luck, gather righteousness, make an alliance, take revenge at one stroke, and then drive to the emperor's house. Therefore, I seek advice from the inside, and I have a brave husband outside, and I am sincere and generous and obedient. Tall people, relying on military strength, entered many times with the intention of annexation. And the British plan sends electricity, the gods are arrogant, Hongnong builds a city and is popular, and Shayuan has the triumph of Kunyang.

Dominate by power and strengthen by weakness. The decline of the Sect created Zhou Jing's prosperous life. Jianghan in the south, Bashu in the west, desert in the north and Guo Yi in the east. Abandoning the Wei and Jin Dynasties, passing the Charter, and abolishing the Canon by six officials are the great governance of one generation. The unity of morality and punishment, the honor of sages and sages, is far-reaching and pleasant, and the people share it. Trillion hopes to return it, and the concession period allows it. If so, people and ministers will eventually. Yi Sheng! When you are not a husband, you are a hero and don't deserve this world. God-given, God-given and proficient in martial arts can be compared with this. In the past, Han offered dust and Cao Gong became a helper; Jin 'an Broadcasting, Song Wu Jian Kuang He Xun. The school spirit is virtuous, graceful and generous.

Du (502-557), whose real name was later named Xin. He was one of the eight pillar countries in the Western Wei Dynasty. During the Northern Zhou Dynasty, it was known as "beautiful instrument, good at riding and shooting". As a teenager, he loved decoration and paid attention to clothes, so he enjoyed the reputation of "solitary lang" in the military camp.

He voted for Jung first, then for the Northern Wei Dynasty, and won the Yuyang and Emmy Awards alone. Because of his repeated military exploits, he has successively served as General Te, Assistant Minister Riding Outside, Governor of Xinye, Governor of Jingzhou Fangcheng, General Wuwei, Governor of Xiangyang, General Wei, Governor of Sanjing, Right Servant of Shangshu, Secretariat of Jingzhou, General Riding Outside, County Magistrate of Hanoi, Governor of Longyou Ten States, Secretariat of History, Prince Taibao, Fu and General. After Emperor Wendi of Sui acceded to the throne, he presented the Imperial Academy, Shangzhou, Shizhou Military Headquarters and Jizhou Secretariat, and sealed Zhao Guogong and Wancheng to celebrate the scenery.

Du Guxin is personable, personable and resourceful. At the beginning of Yu Wentai's reign as emperor, he defended the land of Longyou, which is known in history as "peace and trust in the state, without any fetters." . Shide advised planting mulberry, and in a few years, public and private wealth was real, and ten thousand people were willing to attach it. ""Believe it, I tasted the sunset hunting and rushed into the city. The hat was slightly side, and yan dan and his officials all had hats, salty and side hats. It is so important for neighbors and scholars. "Because he benefited a lot during his administration, he is very popular with the people.

Du Yisheng has six sons and seven daughters, and all six sons have official positions. His daughter; The eldest daughter is Zhou. Four women are Yuan Zhen; Seven women are Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty.

History book evaluation:

The letter is elegant and elegant, with unique ideas. At the beginning of Mao's reign, only the land in Guanzhong was taken by Longyou, so he took it as a town. Not only for the people, but also for neighboring countries. In the Eastern Wei Dynasty, Hou Jingzhi returned to liangye in the south, and Wei Shoufeng was Liang Wen. He pretended that Longyou did not obey, and the cloud had nothing to do with the worries of the west. He wanted to show his strength to the Liang people. I also believe that in Qin Zhou, because of hunting at sunset, I rushed into the city with my hat slightly cocked. Yan dan, and officials and people wear hats, salty and believe. It is so important for neighbors and scholars.

Gao Huan (496 ~ 547), the powerful minister of the Eastern Wei Dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China, was the actual founder of the Northern Qi Dynasty. The fine print is He Liuhun. Guo County, Bohai Sea (now Jingxian East, Hebei Province). After his son Gao Yang proclaimed himself emperor, he was honored as a great-grandfather. Gao Huan's ancestors moved to Huaishuo Town (now southwest of Guyang, Inner Mongolia) because of crimes, and lived in the north, and their living custom was Xianbei. After the Six Towns Uprising broke out, he took refuge in Duroc and Jung successively. After leaving the rebel army to go to Zhu Rong, he was favored and served as the secretariat of Jinzhou. After Jung's failure, he was incorporated into Jung Yuzhong, based in Shandong, Hebei, Dingxi and Xiangzhou (now northern Hebei). In the same year, after Er Zhurong was killed by Wei Xiao Zhuang, Er Zhurong's people took control of the court. In the first year of Putai (53 1), Gao Huan denounced the Jules family and established July as the Wei Emperor (later abolished the Emperor) in Xindu (now Jixian County, Hebei Province). In the first year of Yongxi (532), he captured Yecheng, defeated the disunity within Jules' allied forces, entered Luoyang, abolished Jules and his two emperors, and set up another filial emperor, Xiu Yuan. Gao Huan was appointed as the great prime minister, a surname, and the hereditary secretariat of Dingzhou. Then he pacified Bing and set up the great prime minister's office in Jinyang. He played a decisive role in the establishment of the Eastern Wei Dynasty.

Gao Huan is shrewd and resourceful. Make good use of people, regardless of status, and appoint people on their merits. Strictly manage the army, and the soldiers are happy to die. Emperor Xiaowu wanted to rely on Yu Wentai in Gansu to destroy Gao Huan, but the plan failed. Yu Yongxi fled to Chang 'an for three years. Gao Huan stood in Luoyang to observe the filial piety of the Eastern Wei Emperor Yuan Jing. In 535, Yu Wentai killed Emperor Xiaowu, and established Emperor Wendi's Yuanbao Bureau for the Western Wei Dynasty. The emperors of the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Western Wei Dynasty were actually puppets manipulated by Gao Huan and Yu Wentai respectively.

During Liang's reign, despite the Northern Expedition, the relationship with the Eastern Wei Dynasty was still dominated by frequent missions. Gao Huan was afraid that the northern literati hoped that the Liang Dynasty would go to the south of the Yangtze River to fight for the new moon, and had no intention of expanding its territory to the south. After Wei was divided into East and West, the tendency of fighting and softening played an important role in both the East and West Wei. Gao Huan married Princess Rouran and made peace with Rouran. When Emperor Xiaojing ascended the throne, Gao Huan decided to move the capital to Cao Zhen. Fighting against the Western Wei Dynasty many times, both sides won and lost.

In the fourth year of Wuding (546), Gao Huan noticed that the Shandong people attacked the Western Wei Dynasty and besieged Yubi (now southwest of Jishan Mountain in Shanxi Province) for more than 50 days. The foot soldiers died of illness, and 70 thousand people were forced to retreat. Gao Huan suffers from mental retardation. Gao Huan died the following year.

History book evaluation:

SHEN WOO is deep and dense, and it looks like this all the time, which makes people unpredictable. When machines are in power, they change like gods. As for the general situation of the military, it is rarely predicted that the military will embrace the independence movement and civil and military officials will become officials. Controlling the army, the law and order are serious, the enemy is superior to the surface, and the strategy is ineffective. Listen carefully and don't cheat. Know people and be good at their duties, and care for the elderly. Every time there is culture and education, always concentrate, concentrate, point fingers, speak from the heart, not extravagance and waste. People are appointed because they are talented, worthy and even cultivated by their peers. There are very few people who have false voices. The generals will go out to discuss and follow the general's plan, but they can't succeed. If they violate finger painting, they will lead to death. Elegant and frugal, the sword saddle is neither gold nor jade. You can't play and drink less. It should be big, but you are the best. Home is like an official. Kindness and love. At the beginning, Lu Jingyu was famous for "Ming Jing", Lu was famous for his calligraphy, and Xian was famous for his rebellion. He was placed in the first hall by grace and taught all the philosophers. Its civil and military people do everything they can, and there are many people who catch and don't commit crimes. So, you are far away from home, and you all want practical results. To the southern Wei Dynasty, the north was crawling, and the grain was muddy, and Luo Xian recruited it, and the rules were a little far away.

Er Zhurong's word is Tianbao, and the north is beautiful and inclusive. The world is handsome. At the end of the tortoise, it attacked the Duke of Liang Jun. Zheng Guangzhong sealed the Hou of Anping County with merit, joined Boling County, and moved to General, You Guanglu and Yitong Division. Xiao Zhuang acceded to the throne, serving as the chief military attache, general, administrative officer, official and leading general at home and abroad, sealing the King of Taiyuan, becoming a general, and recording the state affairs, making Ge Ronggong the great prime minister, holding a surname, and establishing General Tianzhu in Pingyuan. Yongan was killed in Mingguang Hall for three years. The former emperor acceded to the throne, giving fake, secretary, and nine tin, praising the extraordinary martial arts and worthy of the Gaozu Hall.

History book evaluation:

Rong is a member of the general and is used by many people. It was the sudden collapse of Su Zong and the anger of the people against God. So he has the ambition to help the Lord drive away evil spirits and cover the apocalypse. So up and down centrifugal, civil and military collapse, salty enterprise loyalty, all listen to Huan Wen's move. If you don't sweat, you will be in a daze, and you will take care of your loved ones. You will have a master, and you will worship Wei Peitian, not the old things. Husband captured and killed Yuan Hao, Han Lou, Ugly Slave and Bao Kui. These leaders, either on orders from Wei, or arrogantly said that they adhered to the emperor's code and pursued their own imperial career. They are neither thieves nor thieves, but gathered in a city. If you don't devote yourself to glory and overcome great difficulties, you don't know how many people call themselves emperors and how many people call themselves kings. However, the brilliance of the work is fierce, and it is already flourishing! At the beginning, I hope I don't expect it, and I will be extremely proud; After all, it is the spirit, the emperor is less, and it can't sink; In the shade by the river, clothes are painted on the ground. The reason why people are offended is because they were killed in the end. How many people, like Peng, Wei, Yi and Hoff, are loyal to their own honor and cultivate the wind of benevolence and righteousness? As for the last guess, forcing me to die, Kuai Tong said to the king of Korea.

Hou Jing was a general in the Eastern Wei Dynasty. In 547, Liang Wudi led his troops to lower the beam and settled in Shouyang.

In the late Southern Dynasty, the rule of the gentry began to decline. The gentry became a decadent parasitic class that lost its ruling ability. For any political storm, gentry often lack the minimum ability to cope with it. Soon after Hou Jing surrendered, he rebelled. In three years (549), Liang Wudi was trapped and starved to death. After Hou Jing entered Jiankang, he "learned to drive the city to be civil and military, so he left", "Soldiers killed 3,000 people" and "Soldiers killed and plundered corpses everywhere" (Biography of Southern History Hou Jing). The long-term decadent and parasitic life caused the gentry to be extremely fragile and incompetent. They are "brittle, unable to walk, physically weak and weak, not resistant to cold and heat, and it is often natural to sit in a hurry" ("Family Instructions on Yan's Involvement"). Hou Jing sent troops to burn, kill and plunder in Sanwu area, and was defeated by Chen Baxian and Wang Sengbian in 552, the second year of Dabao in Jian Wendi.

The Hou Jing Rebellion dealt a heavy blow to the gentry in the Southern Dynasties. "There are more than a hundred people who crossed the river with Jindu in the Central Plains" and "Those who made the capital are all destroyed" (Yan Zhitui's "My Life View"); This chaos has caused great damage to social production in the south. Jiankang, the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, is "a thousand miles away, sparsely populated, and bones gather like a mountain dragon" (Biography of South Hou Jing). The southern regime has lost its material foundation for survival, and the trend of strengthening the north and weakening the south is inevitable.

Chen Qingzhi, General Liang Chao of China. Zi Ziyun was born in Yixing Mountain (now Yixing, Jiangsu). There is even less talk about Liang Wudi Xiao Yan. Then came General Wuwei, who was courageous, good at planning, well-directed and won the hearts of the people. In the first year of Liang Datong (527), he joined forces with Wei Fang, the prefect of Xunyang, and attacked Yang Guo, the city of Wei (now Mengcheng, Anhui). Wei sent Yuan Zhao, the southern general, to save him with tens of thousands of steps. Chen Qingzhi came all the way with Wei Jun, and only led two hundred riders to break his striker. After joining forces with people, Yang Guocheng and Wei Jun were at loggerheads. From spring to winter, wars were frequent and soldiers were tired. Some generals suggested withdrawing troops, and he advocated decisive battle. Wei Junjian 13 base controlled Liang Jun and led the troops out at night, breaking its fourth base. Wang Wei, Duke of Yang Guo, asked for surrender. Liang Jun took advantage of this attack, captured a lot, and the rest of the ninth base collapsed. In the first year of reunification (529), Wang Yuanhao, Wei Beihai, who was ordered to escort Liang, returned to the north and marched into Luoyang with thousands of people from Luoxian County (now southwest of Suxian County, Anhui Province). In more than four months, we won 32 cities and won 47 battles. Soon, Wei Dajun fought back and captured Luoyang. Because of the failure of the serenade, he sneaked back to the south. Datong died in October of five years.