The surname Pan is the 52nd most common surname in China today. It has a large population, accounting for about 0.42% of the country's Han population. Tracing the roots: There are four origins of the surname Pan: 1. It comes from the surname Mi, and is named after the given name. According to "Tongzhi Clan Brief", Lu Sheng, a descendant of Zhuanxu, had six sons. The sixth son was named Ji Lian and given the surname Mi. When King Cheng of Zhou Dynasty, his descendant Xiong Yi established the Jing Kingdom in Jingshan Mountain. In 740 BC, Xiong Tong, the king of Jing, proclaimed himself King Wu. In 689 BC, his son changed the name of the country to Chu and was called King Wen of Chu. According to "The Origin of Surnames", "Pan Family Genealogy" and "Historical Records of the Chu Family", Pan Chong, a son of the public clan, helped King Mu of Chu succeed to the throne and was named Grand Master. From then on, the Pan surname became a powerful family in Chu State. Hence the surname Pan. 2. Comes from the surname Ji, with Yi as the surname. According to the "Compilation of Yuanhe Surnames", Bi Gonggao, the fifteenth son of King Wen of Zhou Dynasty, asked his son Bo Ji to gather food in Pan (now Xi'an and Xianyang, Shaanxi Province), and his descendants took Yi as their surname. 3. Comes from the surname Yao. After Shun, there was the state of Pan, who took the state as his surname. 4. Change of surname from another clan. A. According to "Wei Shu·Guan Shi Zhi", during the Sinicization reform of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Poduoluo family of Xianbei was changed to the single surname Pan. B. In the late years of Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty, Amu, the chief of Taiwan's Anli Grand Shrine (today's Shengang in Taichung), surrendered to the Qing court and was given the surname Pan. During the reign of Emperor Guangxu, the Prime Minister of the Gaoshan tribe in Taiwan converted to the Qing court and was also given the surname Pan (this is also the name Pan). An important reason why most Taiwanese Gaoshan people have the surname Pan). C. Some other ethnic minorities such as Manchu, Shui, Jing, Mongolian, Tujia, Yi, Yao, Mulao, Hui, Zhuang, and Buyi all have this surname. The ancestor was named Pan Chong. During the reign of King Chu Cheng, a person named Pan Chong was the teacher of Prince Shang Chen. When King Chu Cheng planned to establish another prince, Pan Chong strongly supported Prince Shang Chen and successfully succeeded him as King Mu of Chu. Pan Chong was granted the title of Grand Master for his meritorious service in helping merchants succeed to the throne. King Chu Mu also gave him all the property he had owned when he was the crown prince. From then on, the Pan surname became a powerful family in Chu State. Later generations thought that Pan Chongxing had meritorious service, so they respected him as the ancestor of Pan Chongxing. This view may be quite correct, because almost all the Pan surnames appearing in ancient books in the Spring and Autumn Period were from the Chu State. Multiplication and Migration During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the surname Pan mainly developed in what is now Hubei Province. After that, a small number of people with the surname Pan migrated to Shandong and Hunan. During the Han Dynasty, some people with the surname Pan moved north to Xingyang Zhongmu (now part of Henan). During the Three Kingdoms period, they developed and prospered and became a prominent family in Xingyang County. Pan Xu, Zuocheng of the Emperor Xian of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was the ancestor. Pan Qian, Emperor Ling of the Eastern Han Dynasty, moved to Liyang, Jiangsu Province for his official career, and Pan Qian was the ancestor of this place. The state of Wu had Pan Zhang, the right general, who moved from Fagan (governed in today's Guan County, Shandong) to Jiankang. The state of Wu also had the Marquis of Liuyang, Pan Xurui, who was from Hanshou (now Changde, Hunan), and Sun Quan's wife, Mrs. Pan, was from Kuaiji, Zhejiang. , which shows that before the Three Kingdoms, the Pan surname had spread to the above-mentioned places, among which the Pan surname in Zhongmou was the most prosperous. During the Jin Dynasty, Sun Pancai, a descendant of Pan Xu, was appointed as the prefect of Guangzong and settled in Guangzong (now Weixian County, Hebei Province), and later developed into The Pan surname was the second most powerful county in history. During this period, people with the Pan surname also moved to Guangdong. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Poduoluo family changed their Han surname to Pan, and gradually formed the third largest prefecture with the Pan surname in Luoyang. Its founding ancestor was Pan Wei. During this period, Pan Shaoye, the eighth grandson of Pan Cai, settled there because he was appointed governor of Suizhou (now Suixian County, Hubei Province). In the early Tang Dynasty, Chen Yuanguang and his son opened Zhangzhou, and Pan Jie, a native of Gushi, Henan Province, followed him to Fujian. During this period, Pan Shaoye's great-grandson Pan Qiuren settled there because he was appointed governor of Hangzhou. During this period, Pan Xu's descendants who immigrated to Shaanxi became prosperous. Pan Suren, the secretary-supervisor of the Tang Dynasty in Jiangxia (now Wuchang, Hubei), claimed to be a descendant of Hanshou Pan Purui. It can be seen that from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, many branches of the Pan surname were derived from the Zhongmouwang family, and the descendants of Pan Wei came from Luoyang, and prospered and spread to Huaishuo (now Guyang, Inner Mongolia), Shaanxi and Gansu Waiting places. The Pan surname in Yuzhang flourished in the Tang Dynasty, and became a prominent local family in the Southern Tang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties. During the Song Dynasty, descendants of Pan Jie moved to Guangdong and Yunnan. During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the surname Pan was distributed throughout the country. Today, people with the surname Pan are widely distributed, especially in Guangdong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Inner Mongolia, Henan, Sichuan, Hubei, Zhejiang and other provinces and regions. The Pan surname in the above eight provinces accounts for about 69% of the Han population in the country.