Relatively speaking, the Dashun regime did have a smooth journey and did not encounter too many hard battles. The military strength of the Ming dynasty was not weak, but it could not stand the consumption of internal troubles and internal intrigue. There is a threat from the late Jin dynasty (Qing dynasty) outside, and peasant uprisings are one after another inside, which can be said to be a gourd. The elite of the Ming army was used against the Qing army, but it was gradually eroded and weakened in the battle with the Qing army. Especially in the battle of Jin Song, the most elite border guards of the Ming army were lost, and Hong Chengchou, the enemy of Li Zicheng, was captured and surrendered to the Qing dynasty. The fighting capacity of the Ming army was weak, and it was finally defeated by the peasant army in Li Zicheng, and the Ming dynasty changed hands.
Li Zicheng laid the foundation of the Ming Dynasty, but it could not stop the fighters of the Qing Dynasty. Although the red barbarian cannons of the Ming Dynasty were captured, they were still passively beaten everywhere. One of the reasons why Dashun Army can't defeat the Qing army is that its red-barbarian artillery is not as good as that of the people or its tactics are not as good as that of the Qing army.
First look at the military strength of Dashun Army, that is, the elite troops are limited. Dashun Army has more than 230 teams, with standard battalion 100 team and left, right, front and rear battalions 130 team. There is a difference between 50 soldiers and horses, 30 or 40 children, 100 or 50 infantry. There are 60 thousand cavalry and infantry in all. The so-called100,000,000 people are temporary service forces composed of hungry people and threatened able-bodied men.
Dashun Army emphasizes the combination of cavalry with elite soldiers and cold and hot weapons? Three walls? The phalanx tactics fought against the enemy. This tactic is extremely lethal to the Ming army, which is incompetent in fighting in the mainland. Is there any difference between Dashun's phalanx tactics and Qing's? The cavalry added guns? The power of the new tactics is really average, and the artillery technology is backward, which has become one of the important reasons for the failure.
When the Qing army fought on land, it made good use of cavalry and carried out extensive and positive high-speed impact under the cover of Hongyi artillery. Behind the infantry mixed with guns and shotguns, gradually formed a volley. Continuous marksmanship and company-intensive phalanx tactics.
Hongyi cannon (known as cannon in Europe and cannon or? Red cannon? , meaning? Red-haired savage's cannon . The gun has a large weight and good sealing performance. It became the standard mode in 19 and dominated before the 1970s. With the development of launching technology, this new weapon has played a decisive role in urban offensive and defensive warfare because of its aggressiveness and lethality, and the traditional wall structure of China no longer has sufficient defensive capability.
Dashun Army's equipment is always in the stage of cold weapons, and its combat mode is mainly the cooperation of cavalry, infantry and sporadic artillery. Its firearms are mainly from the captured Ming army, and they have never been made by themselves, so the application of firearms is always inferior to that of the Ming army or even the Qing army. This situation is related to their short-sightedness in politics and their inability to carry out internal military equipment reform in long-term mobile operations. They don't have the established arms for casting and equipping hongyi artillery, and most of their artillery (such as hongyi artillery) comes from trophies, mainly China traditional artillery, with weak attack power.
Dashun Army seized a lot of Ming weapons in 1642 10, that is, Jia County's battle against Sun Chuanting, the governor of Shaanxi Province in the Ming Dynasty. Sun left Tongguan and went to Henan to suppress the rebels. In order to be the general of Bai Guangen's train battalion, the train operated 30 thousand cannons. During the war, he refused to drive the horse, and when he stopped, he defended himself. The rebel army defeated Sun Jun in Henan and attacked Tongguan. Different historical records, such as Pingkou Zhi (Volume 5), Liu Huai Lingkou General Record (Volume 15) and Sui Kou Ji Lue (Volume 9), record that the peasant army pursued along the way, * * * captured 78 generals of the Ming army, rode thousands, and even lost artillery. Dashun Army seized the largest number of weapons in the Ming Dynasty when attacking Beijing, the capital of the Ming Dynasty, because Beijing was the lifeblood of the Ming Dynasty, and the number of guns and emplacements deployed by Dashun Army far exceeded the number of major towns and border blockades in various provinces, so it naturally belonged to Dashun Army. Dashun's cannon was snatched by the Qing army before it was warm in his own hands. Especially in the battle of Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, the Qing army seized 5 Hongyi guns, 7 tribute guns 17 guns and 3 large-caliber shotguns13,000 guns of Dashun Army. At the beginning, these guns were seized by Dashun army, and later by Qing army. Due to the lack of large-scale and organized Red Yi artillery group, Dashun Army could not put the latest military technology at that time, that is, the manufacture, use and combat methods of Red Yi firearms on the historical agenda. On the contrary, the Qing army was better at using red artillery than Dashun army, and Dashun army's attack power can be seen from the degree of damage when it attacked the city wall. Although they attacked the city slightly, they also attacked the city with red artillery, but there was no record of bombing dozens of walls. It was common for their opponents to bomb dozens of walls. 1February 7, 645, the Qing army lost its first attack on Tongguan. Dashun army fought hard, and even successfully separated the Manchu vanguard from its main force, causing heavy casualties among many troops. But the red cannon changed the game. When the artillery bombarded the rebel army, many Dashun soldiers scattered in panic and countless people died.
The war lasted more than 20 days, and the Qing Dynasty devoted most of the Eight Banners. Dashun army, Li Zicheng personally reinforcements and command. Although the scale and influence of this campaign are not necessarily equal to the decisive battle of Shanhaiguan, in a sense, this campaign is related to the future destiny of Dashun Army. Unfortunately, Dashun Army lacks an organized Red Yi artillery regiment. Despite all my efforts, I still can't win, and I always seem to be a loser in front of the energetic and excellent Hongyi cannon.
When another unit of the Qing army, the Azig Army, appeared in the suburbs of Yan 'an, its strength had increased to 80,000, and there was a fierce battle with the Lee Guo Department of Dashun Army. Lee Guo fought fiercely with the Qing army to defend Yan 'an. The two sides fought seven times, of which Dashun army went out of the city to fight back twice at night, all because of insufficient troops, limited artillery strength and low efficiency. In terms of the Qing army, the Hongyi artillery began to bombard Tongguan, and Dashun army could not attack it, making it difficult to defend it. Artillery is not strong, cavalry is not as good as Qing soldiers. Finally, Tongguan defenders surrendered in Kaesong.