Confucius constructed a complete ideological system of "virtue and virtue": he advocated the virtue and virtue of "benevolence and courtesy" at the individual level. The ideological system of Tao Te Ching is a complete ideological system based on the theory of goodness of human nature, aiming at establishing the two poles of human beings ("three-pole Tao"), connecting human nature with heaven, and transforming the golden mean into methodology in due course.
Confucius' theory of benevolence embodies the spirit of human nature, while Confucius' theory of propriety embodies the spirit of etiquette, that is, order and system in the modern sense. Humanism is the eternal theme of mankind, which is applicable to any social form, any era and any government, and order and institutional society are the basic requirements for establishing a civilized human society. This humanitarianism and order spirit of Confucius is the essence of China's ancient social and political thought.
The highest ideal of Confucius in his later years is called "Great Harmony". In the world of great harmony, people in the world love each other and all the people in the world, not only their families, but also their parents and children. Give an appropriate end to old age, be strong and be useful. There is no fraud, no thief, no road to pick up, no door to close at night, everyone is honest with each other, talent selection, and the trip to the avenue is also a public service.
The core content of Confucius' political thought is "courtesy" and "benevolence". In the general plan of governing the country, he advocated "governing the country by virtue", which is the noblest way to govern the country. This strategy of governing the country is also called "rule by virtue" or "rule by courtesy". This strategy applies morality and politeness to the people, tightens the hierarchy, and completely divides nobles and civilians into ruled and ruled. Broke the original important boundary between nobles and civilians.
Main contributions:
Confucius' ideals of "Great Harmony" and "Well-off Society" have a far-reaching influence on China's later generations. Later, thinkers in different historical periods and stages put forward different visions and goals, which also inspired progressive thinkers and reformers. Hong Xiuquan, Kang Youwei, Tan Sitong and Sun Yat-sen were all influenced by them.
Confucius' educational activities not only cultivated many students, but also put forward his educational theory on the basis of practice, which laid a theoretical foundation for China's ancient education. In the era of Confucius, education and learning were monopolized by the government, which put forward the banner of "teaching without class", and recruited disciples to give lectures in a private capacity, and founded the first private school in the history of China.
Confucius initiated the atmosphere of private lectures and advocated benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith. He led some disciples around the world for thirteen years, and revised the six classics of Poetry, Calligraphy, Rites and Music, Book of Changes and Spring and Autumn Annals in his later years.
Confucius revised poetry and corrected music. China's first literary work, The Book of Songs, was compiled into a book by Confucius.
According to legend, Confucius once asked Laozi for gifts, with 3,000 disciples, including 72 sages. After the death of Confucius, his disciples and their re-disciples recorded the words and deeds, quotations and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples, and compiled the Confucian classic The Analects. ?
Extended data
In ancient times, Confucius was regarded as a "saint of heaven" and a "muduo of heaven". He was one of the most learned scholars in the society at that time, and was respected by later rulers as Confucius' sage, the most holy, the most holy teacher, the most holy teacher, the teacher of kings and the teacher of generations. His thoughts have a far-reaching influence on China and the world, and he is listed as the first of the "Top Ten Cultural Celebrities in the World".
Today, Kong Lin, located at 1.5 km north of Qufu, Shandong Province, is the family cemetery of Confucius and his descendants, and it is also the longest-lasting family cemetery in the world. After Confucius died, his disciples buried him in Surabaya in the north of Lucheng. At that time, it was still a "tomb, not a grave." During the Qin and Han Dynasties, although tombs were built very high, there were few cemeteries and only a few forest guards. Later, with the improvement of Confucius' status, the scale of Kong Lin became larger and larger.
Baidu encyclopedia-Confucius