Nicholas? Copernicus (1473? 1543) was a Polish astronomer, mathematician, doctor of canon law and priest during the Renaissance. The following is my story about Copernicus, welcome to read!
The story of Copernicus
Copernicus was a famous astronomer in Poland during the Renaissance and the founder of the sun-centered theory. The establishment of his Heliocentrism fundamentally corrected the geocentric theory, exposed the forged lies of religious theology, and played a great role in promoting the social revolution.
1473, Copernicus was born in a merchant family in Torun, Poland. Due to the early death of his parents, he was raised by his uncle who was a priest.
/kloc-When he was 0/8 years old, he came to Krakow, then the capital of Poland, and studied at the University of Krakow. Influenced by the Italian Renaissance thought, Copernicus accepted the humanistic thought there, and at the same time became interested in astronomy and mathematics, and began to observe astronomical phenomena with astronomical instruments. After graduating from Copernicus University, he returned to his hometown. In order to let Copernicus inherit the mantle and work in the Catholic church, my uncle sent him to study in Italy and study church law.
From 65438 to 0495, Copernicus came to Italy, the birthplace of the Renaissance, and studied canon law at the University of Bologna. However, Copernicus was interested in astronomy. He used all his spare time to study astronomy and mathematics hard and insisted on observing astronomical phenomena. Later, Copernicus entered Padua University and Farrah University to study medicine and canon law, but he still insisted on astronomical research.
In Italy, Copernicus made friends with a group of astronomers, who often exchanged knowledge about the structure of celestial bodies. Coupled with Copernicus's own observation and research, he began to study the 1000 popular in Europe? Geocentric theory? Have doubts. ? Geocentric theory? It was put forward by Aristotle, an ancient Greek philosopher, and further systematized by Ptolemy, a Roman astronomer in the second century A.D. ... geocentric theory holds that the earth is stationary in the finite center of the universe, and the sun, moon and stars all revolve around the earth.
With the help of this theory, the church said that God created the earth and made it live in the center of the universe, and the sun, moon and stars were decorations created by God to decorate the universe. This theory is regarded as the golden rule by the church, which is used to rule, fool people and serve themselves. 1506 Copernicus returned to the motherland and served as a priest in Fronburg Cathedral.
Since then, he has obtained certain material security and plenty of time to engage in the scientific research he loves. For the convenience of research, Copernicus deliberately chose the arched tower on the church wall as the dormitory and studio, set up a small observatory in it, and began to observe the celestial bodies with self-made simple instruments for 30 years.
It was here that he wrote the masterpiece "On the Operation of Celestial Bodies" that shocked the world. Of the 27 observation cases, 25 were observed and recorded by him from this watchtower. The Theory of Celestial Bodies has six volumes. In the book, Copernicus boldly put forward: The sun is the center of the universe, and all the planets revolve around the sun; The earth is not the center of the universe, but an ordinary planet orbiting the sun. People see the sun moving from east to west every day because the earth rotates once a day and night, not because the sun is moving. The stars in the sky keep moving because the earth itself is spinning, not because the stars are spinning around the static earth. Mars, Jupiter and other planets sometimes go straight and sometimes go backwards in the sky because they are in their own orbits around the sun, not because they are secretive. The moon is the satellite of the earth. It goes around the earth once a month. ?
Copernicus also criticized Ptolemy's geostationary theory in this book. It is pointed out that when the earth is moving, people only feel that the whole universe is spinning, just as people feel that the land and the city are retreating on a ship. It is an illusion that the earth is still, but it is true that the earth moves around the sun. Copernicus knew about him? The sun center said? It will deal a heavy blow to the feudal church and expose the absurdity of God's claim that he created the world. So he hesitated for a long time until he was 69 years old before agreeing to publish his celestial theory.
1543 One day in May, when he got the book, he had been paralyzed in bed for more than a year. He only touched the cover of the book and closed his eyes with relief. Founded by Copernicus? The sun center said? It fundamentally changed the old view of the universe and exposed the lies forged by religious theology, which was of epoch-making significance in the history of scientific development, and since then natural science has been liberated from religious theology.
heliocentric theory
Copernicus? Heliocentrism? Before publication? Geocentric theory? It has always been dominant in medieval Europe. Since ancient times, human beings have been thinking about the structure of the universe. As early as in ancient Greece, philosophers put forward the idea that the earth was moving, but there was no basis at that time, so it was not recognized by people. In ancient Europe, Aristotle and Ptolemy thought? Geocentric theory? The earth is stationary, and all other stars revolve around the center of the universe. This theory coincides with what the Christian Bible says about heaven, earth and hell, and the dominant Holy See strongly supports geocentric theory. Geocentric theory? And god created the world. So what? Gravity? It is said that it has been regarded as a biblical classic by the church and has been in a dominant position for a long time. With the continuous development of things, the accuracy of astronomical observation has gradually improved, and people have gradually discovered the flaw of geocentric theory. In the Renaissance, it was found that the number of equal rounds and present rounds proposed by Ptolemy was as high as 80 or so, which was obviously unreasonable and unscientific. People expect a scientific celestial system to replace the geocentric theory. Under this historical background, Copernicus' Heliocentrism came into being.
About 15 15 years ago, Copernicus wrote a paper entitled "A Brief Talk", which expounded his basic views on celestial motion. He believes that the motion of celestial bodies must meet the following seven points: there is no orbit of all celestial bodies or the same center of celestial bodies; The earth is only the center of gravity and orbit of the moon, not the center of the universe; All celestial bodies revolve around the sun, and the center of the universe is near the sun; The ratio of the distance from the earth to the sun to the height of the sky can be ignored; Any movement seen in the sky is caused by the movement of the earth; All the phenomena of the movement of the sun seen in the air are not caused by its own movement, but by the movement of the earth, which is moving several times at the same time; The back-and-forth motion of the planet that people see is caused by the motion of the earth. The movement of the earth is enough to explain all kinds of phenomena people see in the air.
In addition, Copernicus also described the apparent motion of the sun, the moon, three outer planets (Saturn, Jupiter and Mars) and two inner planets (Venus and Mercury). In the book, Copernicus criticized Ptolemy's theory. Scientifically expounded the movement of celestial bodies, overthrew the long-standing dominant geocentric theory, fundamentally denied the Christian fallacy that God created everything, and realized the fundamental change in astronomy. He correctly expounded the fact that the earth revolves around its axis, the moon revolves around the earth, and the earth and all other planets revolve around the sun. Like his predecessors, he seriously underestimated the size of the solar system. He thinks that the orbit of a star is a series of concentric circles, which is of course wrong. The mathematical operations in his theory are both complicated and inaccurate. His book immediately attracted great attention, prompting other astronomers to make more accurate observations on planetary motion, the most famous of which was the great Danish astronomer Taishou? According to the observation data accumulated by the satrap, Brejo and Kepler finally deduced the correct law of star motion.