"The flowers at the bottom of the flowers are difficult to slide, and the water under the ice is also difficult to flow." With a stroke of change, the author brought the reader's thoughts from high and dignified to elegant and dark. The oriole at the bottom of the flower-how fluent it is, and how hard it is to swallow the spring water under the ice! The oriole, without seeing its shape, only smells the gorgeous and tactful sound in its flowers; The spring is flowing, but I don't see its trace, but I can hear the sad and desolate voice in my throat. It makes a hard and dull roar through the cold ice. Here, images are interlaced in pairs, and music plays delicate and rich changes in the interlacing and sliding of images, conveying the desire and call in the depths of the soul.
There are four different interpretations of the underwater beach in Pipa Xing by Bai Juyi, namely, ① underwater beach, ② hardship under the ice, ③ beach under the ice (beach means exhaustion) and ④ beach under the ice (beach means mobility). This paper holds that "underwater beach" is natural and there is no need to delve into it. Since Duan Yucai confused the "deep swallow spring stream" with the "underwater beach", he made a rigid requirement of "correct ownership", which has helped to manage things since then. This paper proves that "underwater beach" is like the sound of running water flowing down the beach, and it is barely interpreted as "difficult under the ice". The interpretation of "beach under the ice", whether it is "exhaustion" or "running water", does not conform to the original intention of Tang poetry and cannot be established. ? Key words? Underwater beach? Difficult under the ice? Under the ice? Pipa trip? Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a well-known sentence in Pipa: "Guan Yingying's flowers are slippery, and we can hear a stream sobbing on the beach." Among them, the word "underwater beach" has been commented by commentators, and it has not been concluded yet. The reason lies in the different understanding and interpretation caused by different versions of the text. Please see the variation of the version:? (1) Create an "underwater beach" —— Ma Yuan published Bai Changqing Collection in the thirty-fourth year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty, Wang Liming published Bai Xiangshan Poetry Collection in the corner of the thatched cottage in the forty-third year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, Yangzhou Poetry Bureau published The Complete Poems of Tang Poetry in the forty-sixth year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, and Qin Long published Wen Yuan Hua Ying in Ming Dynasty. (2) Difficulties under the ice —— Poems of White Xiangshan published by Wang Liming's A Corner of Caotang, and Poems of the Whole Tang Dynasty published by Yangzhou Poetry Bureau, which are "ice" in water and "difficult" in beach; The lost edition of Bai Xiangshan Poetry published in the corner of He Chaopai Caotang in Beijing Library; (3) Writing "Under the Ice Beach"-Wenyuan Huaying, a dragon publication in Ming Dynasty, gambling on "ice" with "water", and four series of books photocopying the Song version of "Bai Changqing Collection"; (4) Making "Underwater Difficulties" —— Literature and Ancient Books Publishing House photocopied Song Shaoxing's White Anthology and collated Qing Dynasty's Lu Bai Anthology. Let's take a look at the explanations of various schools (to illustrate the problem, the quotations are listed in detail): (1) First of all, it was Duan Yucai in the Qing Dynasty who attacked the popular reading Underwater Beach, and he regarded it as a "difficult under the ice" from the subordinate point of view in The Book with Ruan Yuntai: he recently read the Tang poetry and learned three things, which made him learn from his teacher, and some people inherited it for thousands of years. "Difficult" and "slippery" are right, and "difficult" is the antonym of "slippery". It's great to describe the beautiful flowers and flowing ice in spring ... I don't know who wrote the ancient book, and it's terrible to see the true face of future generations. Tang poetry is like this, not to mention the great history. ? (2) Mr. Chen Yinque (1978) agrees with Duan Yucai's statement, which "proves its meaning". 1. Mutual verification with this episode. White "Evergreen Collection Lv Si": Frost returns to the Committee, and the ice spring returns. It has the same meaning as this sentence quoted by Pipa. Second, the micro-poems related to this poem prove each other. There are many similarities between the words in Erlu Pipa in Changqing Collection of Yuanshi County and Lotte's poems. For example, sentences such as "clothes feather turns south", "six loose patterns and multiple cage twists" and "broken strings and cracked layers" are all examples. Only one of them: the ice spring whimpers, and the warbler is hoarse. (Can you refer to "Yuan County Changqing Collection" and give twelve peony flowers to Li as a farewell dinner? The sentence "The warbler is stagnant and the wind is surging". In fact, one sentence is the evolution and expansion of Lotte's sentence, "The bottom of the flower is slippery between Guan Yingying's words, and the deep throat spring is difficult to flow under the ice." There is no doubt that Duan's theory is correct in proofreading white sentences with meta-poems. However, if you read Lotte Pipa, you can't help reading Wei Pipa, not only because of the changes in the meaning of the two poems, but also for a glimpse. And the proofreading of its words can also be determined by one. The poem "Wandering English is strange and astringent" and Lotte's poem "Slipping at the bottom of English" were expanded into two sentences by Gabriel. If it is still astringent, say it as soon as the two sentences are over, which is highly repetitive. White poetry is fluent and difficult to write, and it is more refined than meta-poetry. And He Manzi Song, 2nd Changqing Road, Yuanshi County (original note: Zhanghu South Block is a bear. ) It's a bit cloudy: I came to the lake to pay my respects to the Marquis. It was mid-spring. Diligence is the most diligent, and straightening clothes is also quite idle. The cold ice still flows in the throat, and the warbler cries at dusk. There is also a book "Preface to Rutou Tuo Poetry": In the ninth year of Yuanhe, Zhang Zhongcheng led the pool and paid homage to Zhang Gong in the pool. Wu Xianzong, the Book of the Old Tang Dynasty, says: [It was October of Yuanhe eight years ago] Zhang, the secretariat of Suzhou, was an observer in Hunan. ? On this basis, Yuanhe wrote He Manzi's songs in the spring of the ninth year, and introduced Lotte Pipa in the autumn of the eleventh year, which is a poem that Lotte must have seen and seen. The pipa song "Crying in the Ice Spring" is the second sentence quoted by Pipa, "The flower of Guan Ying cannot slide to the bottom, and it is difficult for you to swallow the spring and flow under the ice", and the cover is also influenced by micro-poems. Zheng Letian's poem "Swallows in Ice Springs Return to Customs" was written in the seventh year of Daiwa. There's no need to say it after that. Once again, the 24 new topics of Changqing Collection of Yuanshi County: Yuefu Five Strings Playing Clouds: The wind is scattered in the spring, and the warblers are pitiful. Roar, secretly swallow ice spring, kill frost knife astringent cold sheath. White "Evergreen II" Five-string Cloud:? Spread out loudly, rustle of wind and rain. Speak softly and talk seriously about ghosts and gods. In the same episode, Sanxin Yuefu plays the cloud with five strings: the sound of five strings is the most depressing. Dragon water cannot be frozen and swallowed. (Gong Li's phrase "cold spring pours into long water to open" can be used as a reference. ) Five-string parallel play will give you an audition. Show compassion for others. Iron coral once or twice, ice writing jade plate thousands of times. The sound of killing is terrible. The human musculoskeletal acid is cold. I want half a day at the end of the song, and four seats are relatively silent. There is a distant scholar in the seat, and the voice of chirp is endless. Yin Ke case: These two pieces of New Yuefu in Bai Yuan were written in Yuanhe four years (see the chapter of New Yuefu). ) Bai Qin Zhongyin was also written by Lotte when he was an admonition officer, that is, left gleaning (see "Bai Changqing Ji, Two Wounded Tangqu Songs" (the second). ) Before Lotte wrote Pipa, it can also be used as a reference for the section of imitating pipa timbre in Lotte Pipa. (3) Mr. Qian Zhongshu supports the theory that it is difficult under the ice, and proves that it has been mistaken for "underwater beach" since the Yuan Dynasty. According to teacher Zhou Zuzhuan (1999), the graduation examination method of Tsinghua Sinology is quite special. It stipulates that you must pass the subject examination before you can defend your thesis ...1in June, 952, I took the subject one examination. The foreign school department invited Mr. Zhou Yiliang from the Department of Qian Zhongshu and History, and the foreign school department invited Mr. Yu Pingbo and Mr. You Guoen from Peking University. ..... In this defense exam, Mr. Qian asked me a question, which of Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip is correct, which is called Underwater Beach and which is called Underwater Beach? What is the basis? Mr. Chen Yinque made a detailed textual research on this question in Bai Yuan Shi Hua, and I will answer it according to what he said. Mr. Qian said, "Very good. But I still have to ask you, when did the error in this version start? " I'm not staring at anything. Mr. Qian went on to list many related sentences in the poems of the Song Dynasty, which proved that the popular books of the Song Dynasty were "difficult under the ice" and there was nothing wrong with them. The word "underwater beach" began to appear in Yuan Sanqu. It can be seen that the mistakes in this version began in the Yuan Dynasty. (d) Mr. Hong Song (1983) found the edition basis of Under the Ice from Japan:? "Pipa Travel" by Qingyuan Xuanxian in Longmen Library, Japan (abbreviation): Sad? Spring flow? Is it difficult under the ice? ノハ? コホリ? シタ? ナャムムムムムム (1475-1550) was a famous scholar in the late Muromachi era in Japan. ..... "Pipa Xing" is his manuscript from 55 to 69 years old (1529- 1543), which is equivalent to eight to twenty-two years of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty. Ryuben's Difficult Under the Ice predates Duan Yucai's inference by more than 200 years. ..... Long Ben is not a speculation about Qingyuan Xuanxian, but a version basis. First of all, before Bai Juyi's death, Bai Anthology was introduced to Japan. When Bai Juyi was seventy-four years old, that is, in April and May of the fourth year of Tang Wuzong Huichang (844), the Japanese monk Hui Calyx copied Bai Letian's Japanese classics in Suzhou South Temple. ..... The Story of Genji, the world's first full-length court novel written in the Heian Dynasty (794- 1 192), and the famous notebook literature Pillow Grass at the same time all involved this poem. Judging from the time when Baiji was first introduced to Japan, Zushu was probably earlier than the earliest extant Shaoxing edition in the Southern Song Dynasty. Secondly, before Ryuben, there was indeed a version of Frozen Hard that was all the rage. It is worth noting that the Collection of Poems by Xin Longyong (written in1070-1kloc-0/40), a Japanese ballad, once rewrote Bai Juyi's poems into Japanese ballads, in which the phrase "You choked in the spring" was called "difficult under the ice". The newly written Lang Yongji is probably a little earlier than the Southern Song version of Bai Changqing Ji, and it is also different from the Southern Song version of Underwater Difficult. According to this, it can be inferred that the version of Difficult Under the Ice was popular in Japan before the Southern Song Dynasty. The fourth volume of Taiping Ji (according to Japanese scholars' research, the first nine chapters of Taiping Ji were written in 1280- 1356) also used the sentences of "Ying Yu" and "Liu Quan" when describing the wonderful timbre of pipa, in which the sentence of "Liu Quan" was "difficult under the ice" and should come from "ice". This kind of book is probably Ryuben's ancestral book. (5) Mr. Jiang (1982) disagreed with Duan Yucai's view that it should be "under the ice" and "beach" refers to mobility. I don't think that sentence is completely correct. This sentence should be based on "You Yan Quan Liu Bing Xia Tan" written by Napoben, Japan. The word tan should be a flowing solution. "Flower bottom" and "under the ice" are locative words, which must be connected with verbs. The only words that can be used as verbs in these two sentences are sliddy and beach. "Guang Yun" goes to 28 John: Beach, running water; The slave case was cut, and so was he. Running water is running water. The spring water flows under the ice, and the sound of the spring water is separated by the ice, so I choked, and Yu Ying is among the flowers, so the sound is also transmitted in twists and turns. (6) Mr. Guo Zaiyi (1985) also disagreed with Duan Yucai's statement that it should be "under the ice" and "on the beach" means doing my best. First of all, the word "water" must be a mistake in the word "ice", because the saying that "spring water flows under water" makes no sense. Spring is also water, so it can't be said that water flows under water. Judging from the structure of the poem, the first sentence is "Flower Land in Ying Yu" and the second sentence is "Spring Flowing under the Ice", which is very neat. Secondly, looking at the word "beach", Duan Yucai said that "there is ice under the spring beach" is not an idiom (ice should be water-guide's notes). Why is it right with the above sentence? "This is because he doesn't know that the jar is a proverb in the Tang Dynasty, which has its special meaning, but it certainly doesn't make sense to understand it according to the general meaning of the jar. Today's press: Tan means to exhaust one's strength, and its original word should be "Chi" and "Chi." "Guang Yun" has a flat voice of 25 cold rhymes: "Nothing is strong. Guifu Miscellanies Volume 9 Miscellanies of the Old Village: "Li Ji said", and the note said: "Sound Pavilion. "Taiping Guangji" Volume 5 Volume 212 "Since the Holy Temple" article says: "Where is the power of the cold family? "Tired is exhausted." Dunhuang Change Collection: Breaking the Demon and Changing the Text: "Ghosts and gods are like thousands of things, and changes come to the beach. "Power beach has been exhausted. Pi Rixiu's poem "On the View of Truth": "The wind is full of tinea and the soil is weak", which is the word. There is another word in the calligraphy, which is to teach one's best, and it should be regarded as poor or poor. The word "beach" in the poem "You Yan Liu Quan Bing Xia Tan" has the same meaning as the word "beach" in Dunhuang Bianwen, and both refer to fatigue. The spring water flows under the ice, with a low voice, as if vaguely. Isn't that reasonable? The smooth words in the previous sentence and the beautiful euphemism at the bottom of the flower; The word "beach" in the next sentence describes the stagnation under the flowing ice in spring, and the arts and sciences are neat and smooth. However, if you don't know that the word "beach" means fatigue, this poem is hard to say. No wonder Duan Yucai said that "there is ice under the spring beach" is not an idiom (ice should be water-author's note). As for The Whole Tang Poem, the bet on the word Tan is that "a book is difficult to write", either because it is not correct because of its similarity, or because later generations do not understand the special meaning of the word Tan and have no basis. (7) Mr. Jiang (1997) later agreed with Mr. Guo Zaiyi. Breaking the magic and changing the text: "Ghosts and gods are like thousands of things, becoming like a beach." Makes you worse in front of you, if you don't move a hair. "(page 349)" power beach "means exhausted power. Case: Xuan Ying's The Sound and Meaning of Various Classics Volume 17 On Everything Volume 1: Li Xun explains the "beach" in Erya, and notes: "Beach, single, are all wells. "'single' is often used as' dun', and' dun' is also exhausted." Tan in Shuowen is a popular style of "Han bird", which is dry and moist. He also quoted Shi Pin and Han Bird Collection. Low water is dried water, which is called beach, and dried water is also called beach. ? Xu Fu said: The above is just the etymology, not the word itself. "Exhausted" also has a special word "dysentery". Shuowen said: "Dysentery is also caused by fatigue." Also known as "nothing", "Guangyun" said in a 25-cold flat voice: "nothing, he is particularly hard, he just works. "homophonic with the beach" and "trying hard" mean "extremely tired" and "exhausted" ..... Guo Zaiyi said: Pi Rixiu really understands poetry: "The wind is rampant and the soil is fertile." "Only" is the original word of "beach". That's the word. Bai Juyi pipa: "You Yanquan (ice) flows down the beach. "The word" beach "carries bitterness, but when he said he would do his best, Duan Yucai changed it to the word" difficult "and failed the exam. Case: Tang's "New Nine Classics": "Nothing, sound beach, horse disease. Today's poem is a slap in the face. To sum up what Xu and Guo said, the word "beach" of "golden beach" is regarded as "pit", "pit" and "pit" of exhaustion; The word "You Yan Liu Quanbing goes down to the beach" is the word "Han Bird" in Shuowen, which means that the water is exhausted. They have the same meaning but different etymologies. Ouyang Xiu and Li stayed at home and heard Zheng's poem: "It's a coincidence that flowers lick their tongues and whimper to communicate with spring under the ice." "It can be proved that the word ice is right. (8) Although Mr. Jing Kaixuan (1999) agrees with "beach under the ice", it is urgent to explain "beach". The underwater beach mentioned in paragraph is not an idiom, which is not right with the previous sentence, but good. But if it is "spring water is hard to flow under the ice", first, it has the same meaning as the following "ice spring is cold and astringent"; Secondly, from the language of poetry, the word "slippery" is described exquisitely, while the word "difficult" is not descriptive, clumsy, vague and not clever. The meaning of the case is correct to use the word "slippery" above, but the meaning of "the ice spring is cold and astringent, and the string is condensed" below is still too repetitive. According to Duan Yucai's Shuowen, water is the ancient meaning of the word Tan, while Bai Juyi used the vernacular in this poem, such as "Only they are rough and harsh, and they are in my ear", which is well known, so this solution is far-fetched. Both of the above statements think that "water" is regarded as "ice", which is correct from the perspective of affiliation. Ouyang Xiu's poem "Zheng Wen after Li Liu" reads: "It's quite a coincidence to lick the tongue between flowers and whimper under the ice. "You can also prove that the word ice is right. The problem is that the last word of this sentence is "difficult" or "beach", which has been exhausted in poetic interpretation. In fact, during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the word "beach" had another meaning, that is, the water was urgent. Guang Yun Han Yun: "Beach, running water." "Gathering rhyme changes rhyme": "Beach, flowing water. "This is probably a saying in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, such as the book" Huai ":"The beach rings high, it rains, and the pine and shade rotate far away. "Is an example. From this, it can be seen that the poem Pipa Xing should really be written as "You Yanquan flows down the ice and down the beach", which means that water whimpers and runs under the ice.
The spring under the ice is faint-how difficult it is to flow! The running water freezes, which also freezes the strings of the pipa. Black boy freezes, and his voice stops temporarily.