front cover
The library is located in Hunan Provincial Library, and has been listed in the ancient books catalogue of China. * * * There are two volumes, which are divided into readme, examples, contents and contents.
home page
On the first page of this book, the author printed a running script, a seal script, a regular script, Wu Mao Wang Binghuai, Fu Xian, and Guangxu Renyin Winter Moon, which were translated and printed by Shanghai Current Affairs Bookstore, and stamped and printed. Among them, the title of the first page of seal script should be inscribed by Mei, and the rest of the running script and regular script should be inscribed by Wang Binghuai. Wang Binghuai was born in Huating (now Songjiang, Shanghai). Calligraphy Zhao Mengfu, seal cutting, especially writing orchids. Wurong: Songjiang County, Shanghai today.
Autobiographical notes
First, when this book was published. The first page of the book is printed with "Guangxu Winter Moon", namely 1902 (the 28th year of Guangxu) 1 1 month. Note in the above example: As far as the editor knows, February and September of Guangxu.
Precautions for using books/guides
Second, the book publishing house. The front page of this book is printed with "Translation and Printing of Shanghai Current Affairs Bookstore". There were many bookstores in Shanghai in the late Qing Dynasty, and some even closed down. Today, we don't have a detailed list of bookstores, their founders, places of establishment, operating conditions, personnel changes, books or newspapers published. Shanghai current affairs bookstore may be the Shanghai current affairs compilation and printing bookstore at that time.
catalogue
Third, book printing technology. This book was printed in the late Qing Dynasty. It is an ancient book printed by lead printing technology. It is similar to woodcut book in appearance, and still completely imitates the tradition of woodcut book in form. The layout format is exactly the same as that of the engraving book, with complete columns, borders and seams, double-page and single-sided printing, and binding is also thread-bound.
Roll up the front page
Fourth, the title and content. This book mainly includes the words and deeds of Chinese and Japanese history books and biographies of national history. The first volume is China's allusions, which are divided into 15 categories: faith, love, virtue, perseverance, thrift, modesty, founder, honesty, prudence, loyalty, recommendation, learning, knowledge, benevolence, loyalty, discipline, admonition and honest and frank. The second volume is Japanese allusions, divided into 18 categories.
Roll up the last page
Fifth, books and their editing. The book is written by Japanese writer Ito Bowen; The editor is Hou Guan (now Fuzhou) Xue Shu. Hirofumi Ito (184 1 year1October 16 ~ 19091October 26th) was born in Changzhou, Japan. One of the Japanese modernists, the nine elders of Meiji. He is also a Japanese cabinet minister, speaker of the Privy Council, speaker of the House of Lords, the first director, the father of Meiji and the founder of the Friendship Association. The rank is from one, great honor and duke. He was born in Changzhou at the end of Tokugawa shogunate. In the sixth year of Yongjia (1853), Ito Bowen boarded in the hospital, and then entered Matsushita Village School. He was taught by Matsushita Yoshida, who sent young warriors, and was highly valued by Yoshida. In 1992 (1862), 65438+ February, 12, dozens of people, such as Ito, Hisaka Xuanrui and Takayama Nobuyuki, sneaked into the newly-built Yinggong around Yudian Mountain in Shinagawa, intoxicated with the noise. After the Meiji Restoration, Ito Bowen formed a cabinet for four times, with a term of seven years, during which the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 was launched. In the third year of Meiji (1905), after Japan won the naval battle of Japan (against Ma Haixia) in the Russo-Japanese War, Ito Bowen was appointed as one of the overseers, and in the fortieth year of Meiji (1907), he forced the Korean Empire to sign the third treaty, making it a guarantor of Japan. It makes Japan the number one power in East Asia. In the forty-second year of Meiji (1909)1kloc-0/October 26th, Ito Bowen was assassinated in Harbin at the age of 68 and was buried in Japan.
Ito bowen
Japan Ito Bowen 1898 visited China in September. On September 20th, I met Emperor Guangxu, and the Reform Movement of 1898 took place the next day. Is his visit to China related to the Reform Movement of 1898? In the 24th year of Guangxu (1898), on June 16th, Emperor Guangxu summoned Kang Youwei in the Qin Zhengting Hall of the Summer Palace, and appointed him as yamen Zhang Jing, who was asked to specialize in music and prepare for the reform movement, which was called the Reform Movement of 1898 in history. At the beginning of the Reform Movement of 1898, under the background of Kang Youwei, Emperor Guangxu promoted a series of activities. Since then, Kang Youwei has put forward many suggestions in economy, military affairs, culture and education, including planning to set up a bureau, binding feet, cutting redundant officials, allocating officials, abolishing grain transportation, withdrawing Li Jin, cutting, releasing flag soldiers and abolishing stereotyped writing. Protect industry and give China proper development; Request to retrain the navy and army to save the crisis of China being carved up; It is required to abolish the imperial examination, run schools and train new talents. At this time, he also actively planned and implemented the New Deal with Liang Qichao, Tan Sitong and Yang Shenxiu.
Kang Youwei and Emperor Guangxu
During the Reform Movement of 1898, the dispute between the old and the new was extremely sharp. For example, when stereotyped writing abandoned sparseness, the latter party obstructed it in many ways and publicly declared that it hated Kang Youwei as an enemy, saying that it was "shaking people's hearts and confusing the country"; Others seriously participated in Kang Youwei, saying that he was a "gangster, soliciting and luring party member" and "making statements everywhere to control the country". Kang Youwei, Song Bolu and Yang Shenxiu fought back. However, after the party held real power, Emperor Guangxu only had the right to draft the imperial edict. In mid-July, the post-party Huaitabu and Yang Chongyi successively went to Tianjin to meet Rong Lu, plotting with the New Deal. Emperor Guangxu issued two "secret edicts" one after another, fearing that "my position may not be guaranteed today", and clearly told Kang Youwei to "go to Shanghai quickly and wait and see without delay". On the fifth day of August (September 20th), Kang Youwei left Beijing for the south. The next day, Empress Dowager Cixi conducted another "political training", and the Reform Movement of 1898 began.
The Empress
During the Reform Movement of 1898, former Japanese Prime Minister Hirofumi Ito visited China on September 1898. The reformists want to ask them to sponsor the New Deal, meet Emperor Guangxu and Kang Youwei, and provide guidelines. Timothy Richard, a British scholar at that time, suggested to Kang Youwei, the leader of the Reformists, that the Qing Dynasty should hire Ito as a consultant and even give him the right to handle affairs. As a result, after Ito arrived in China, the reformists wrote in succession asking for the reuse of Ito, which aroused vigilance. Yang Chongyi even secretly hit Cixi: "I heard that Toyo's old friend Ito Bowen will handle it. If ITO fruit is used, it will be uploaded by the ancestors. " Empress Dowager Cixi returned to the Forbidden City from the Summer Palace on the fourth day of August in the 24th year of Guangxu (1898) (19 September) to find out what Emperor Guangxu thought of Ito. However, Ito and Timothy Richard proposed to Kang Youwei that "China, the United States, Britain and Japan should unite". Therefore, at the behest of Kang Youwei, Yang Shenxiu of the reformists wrote to Emperor Guangxu on the fifth day of August (September 20): "I especially hope that my emperor will make plans early to consolidate Britain, the United States and Japan, and don't think that the name' beauty' is not beautiful." Song Bolu, another reformist, also wrote on September 2 1 day (the sixth day of August): "When the Canal (Timothy Richard) came, it was planned to unite China, Japan, the United States and Britain as confederate countries, and * * * elected 100 people who were familiar with current affairs and learned stories from various countries to take charge of the military affairs of the four countries. He seems to want to hand over the power of China affairs, finance, taxation and diplomacy to outsiders. After the Empress Dowager Cixi returned to the Forbidden City, she learned about it from September 20 to 2 1. Shocked by the seriousness of the situation, she decided to launch a new political training and end the reform movement in 1898. In the twenty-fourth year of Guangxu (1September 2, 8981), in the early morning of the seventh day of August, Empress Dowager Cixi announced that she was "in charge", Emperor Guangxu was placed under house arrest, and six gentlemen of the Reform Movement of 1898 were killed. After the Reform Movement of 1898, Ito Bowen participated in the rescue of arrested Huang Zunxian and assisted Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao to flee to Japan.
Therefore, when Ito Bowen came to China, the reputation of the reformists and Guangxu's reliance deepened the envy of the post-Party. Empress Dowager Cixi was afraid that they would collude with foreign countries. The day after Empress Dowager Cixi finally met Emperor Guangxu in Ito Bowen, she and her later party launched this movement. So Ito's coming to China is directly related to the occurrence.
To sum up, this book, which records the words and deeds of celebrities in the Middle East, is the representative work of Chinese biographies published by Japanese publishing houses in China. It is a book translated and spread to China and China by a publishing agency with reformism tendency represented by Kang Liang after the Reform Movement of 1898, which opened the history of Ito Bowen's visit to China on the eve of the Reform Movement of 1898.
The above is related to the Gregorian calendar1the seventh day of August, 898, and it is about the sharing of Guangxu. I watched Guangxu's Hundred Days of Reform, and I hope this will help everyone!