Because of the long-term language improvement, the writing in Qing dynasty developed into two directions, one is vernacular and the other is ordinary classical Chinese. At this time, the classical Chinese is already flying all over the sky, but it is not difficult to understand. In contrast, the meaning expressed is more accurate, but it is also bloated to write.
2. Is there a grammatical difference between the classical Chinese in the pre-Qin period and the classical Chinese in the Qing Dynasty? The spoken language of the Qing Dynasty is very close to what we have now, but classical Chinese needs special study. Some words haven't changed much and don't even need translation, but they can't be generalized. Some people even went to extremes in the Qing dynasty, which is why some classical Chinese in the Qing dynasty are extremely difficult to understand and do not speak human words.
Answer by hand, please accept it if you are satisfied. Thank you. Classical Chinese is the vernacular that everyone says every day. For example, in The Analects of Confucius, the words and grammar created by the ancients must be consistent with their daily speech.
More obscure classical Chinese, such as the wolf in a serial. In other words, in fact, at least in the pre-Qin period, otherwise they are looking for trouble for themselves, which is not in line with their purpose of coining words, and is indeed more difficult to understand than many classical Chinese in the pre-Qin period.
Mainly because classical Chinese is also a kind of writing after all, and writing is used to record language. If the ancients intended to create a kind of writing to record what they said every day, this phenomenon did exist. Can such a person write classical Chinese well? To put it simply, the pre-Qin classical Chinese was spoken at that time, suppressed by feudal culture and imprisoned by thoughts, reaching the peak of the eight-part essay in the imperial examination, which led many pedantic literati to deliberately write the classical Chinese very hard to understand and not speak human words.
Deliberately choose those extremely obscure words to express knowledge, that is, Confucius' disciples remember what the teacher said before his death and record it, which is equivalent to the record of Confucius' daily speech. So at that time, only some vocabulary usage of classical Chinese was unfamiliar to us, and there was no need to write it in written language deliberately.
In the case of the separation of spoken and written language, classical Chinese was written for writing written language, but it was completely different in Qing Dynasty. For example, Kong Yiji in Lu Xun's novels is an example. There are several ways to show off fennel in writing fennel. However, after the Qin and Han Dynasties, with the gradual evolution of spoken language, language and writing gradually deviated and became larger and larger.
3. From the pre-Qin period to the Qing Dynasty, what are the important literary genres in the pre-Qin period-The Book of Songs, Songs of the South, essays of various schools of thought, and essays! In particular, there has been a spectacle of a hundred schools of thought contending in China's literary world. Confucianism, Taoism, miscellaneous schools, legalists, Mohists, etc. all rose on a whim, and some great works were born from this. Since then, these great works have almost influenced the people of China until now! Han Dynasty-Han Fu naturally marks the emergence of a generation of literary styles (the emergence of experts in writing Fu such as Zhang Heng). Secondly, the articles in the Han dynasty are quite contemporary, so it is no wonder that some people juxtapose the Chinese characters in Tang poetry and Song poetry! Most of the articles in this issue are ambitious and have a high style! The Three Kingdoms-The four-character and five-character poems of the Three Kingdoms have reached a high level, especially the four-character poems are unparalleled in my poetry circle (masterpiece "Short Song")! The poetic language of this period is simple, almost all of them are expressive poems with high style! Later, the articles of the Han Dynasty and the poems of the Three Kingdoms were also called: Han Wei Style! During the Jin Dynasty-Jin Dynasty, there were no outstanding poems, although there were many, which were difficult to compare with their predecessors.
However, this era is the beginning of China's novels, and China's earliest novels appeared. Some people call it a "mystery novel", and the masterpiece is Gan Bao's The Search for God. Southern and Northern Dynasties —— Poetry was the main theme. During this period, there were many poets, with little achievement, many works and no famous articles.
Poetry in this period is characterized by * * * decay, and its content is mostly unhealthy or praising peace. However, it is quite different from the simple style of the strange poems in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. The poems of the Three Kingdoms are unpretentious, but the poems of the Northern and Southern Dynasties are flowery and extravagant! However, some poets' landscape poems, or some artistic conception poems, were not the same as those written at that time, such as Yu Xin and Bao Zhao, and were later praised by Du Fu and other famous artists.
Weng Juan's poems in this period were also used for banquets in the Song Dynasty! Sui and Tang Dynasties-The Sui Dynasty was very short. Many great poets in the Sui Dynasty, such as Yu Shinan, were all due to the Tang Dynasty! It makes sense that it was only when poetry developed into the Tang Dynasty that it made amazing achievements! From the Book of Songs in the Spring and Autumn Period to the Tang Dynasty, through the efforts of eight generations of pioneers, we have accumulated enough experience for the use of the Tang people! Therefore, for the Tang Dynasty, poetry reached its peak, and the Tang Dynasty became the era of this literary form! In addition, another novel appeared in this period, the novel "Talented Persons and Beautiful Women", which is quite famous. Novels in this period are the second wave after the emergence of "strange stories" in the Jin Dynasty, and as novels, the novels of "gifted scholars and beautiful women" in the Tang Dynasty are gradually maturing! In the Song Dynasty, Ci was the highest achievement, so I don't need to go into details! Poetry appears in another form, which is no longer the same as that of the Tang Dynasty.
Giving priority to reason has also become the main feature of Song poetry! Jin and Yuan Dynasties-The upper class in this period did not attach importance to culture, and the rulers of Jin and Yuan Dynasties were not as gentle as the Han people, so there were few literary masterpieces in the upper class! Of course, between the Jin and Yuan dynasties, a great man appeared: Yuan Haowen, who once wrote the famous "Ask the World ……", and his landscape poems were almost as beautiful as Wang Wei's! However, the Han people who were told about their class gradually became popular among the people! In addition, the development of zaju reached a peak, and there were four tragedies in the Yuan Dynasty (such as The Orphan of Zhao, which is touching so far)! Guan Hanqing created more than 60 kinds of zaju in his life, including Dou Eyuan, Saving the Wind and Dust, Wangjiang Pavilion and so on. As well as the famous novels of Ma Zhiyuan and Bai Pu in Ming and Qing Dynasties, these novels have matured, especially from the single theme of the novels of "gifted scholars and beautiful women" in Tang Dynasty to various aspects, and classical Chinese vernacular novels appeared during this period. Okay, okay, my hands are sore! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! The landlord's question is not easy to answer, generally speaking, that's it! .
4. List the representative styles from pre-Qin to Ming and Qing Dynasties, which is a style in ancient China. It emphasizes literary talent and rhythm and has the nature of poetry and prose.
It is characterized by "spreading articles, writing things and writing ambitions", focusing on writing scenery and expressing emotions through scenery. It first appeared in hundred schools of thought's essays and was called "short fu"; Qu Yuan's "Sao Style" is a transition from poetry to fu, which is called "Sao Fu". The style of Fu was formally established in the Han Dynasty, which is called "Ci Fu". After Wei and Jin Dynasties, it developed in the direction of parallel prose, which was called "parallel prose". In the Tang dynasty, it changed from parallel style to regular style, which was called "law fu"; In Song Dynasty, Fu appeared in the form of prose, which was called "Wen Fu".
Famous Fu include: Fu of Epang Palace by Du Mu, Fu of Autumn Sound by Ouyang Xiu, Fu of Thousand Chibi by Su Shi, etc. Parallel prose originated in Han and Wei Dynasties, formed in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and prevailed in Sui and Tang Dynasties.
It appears alternately with four characters and six characters, and is called "Liu Siwen" in the world. Parallel prose often affects the expression of content by accommodating sentence patterns and piling up words. After Han and Liu advocated the ancient prose movement, parallel prose gradually declined.
The most famous is The Book with Zhu written by Wu Liangjun in the Southern Dynasties. The original meaning of origin is an ancient argumentative style.
This style is a fundamental investigation and discussion of a certain theory, proposition, political system or social custom, and it is highly theoretical. Such as Han Yu's Original Extinction and Huang Zongxi's Original King.
Debate "debate" is to argue right and wrong, not to argue true and false. This style is characterized by refuting a wrong argument or discriminating some facts. For example, Han Yu's Debate on Taboo and Liu Zongyuan's Debate on Dong Xiong.
A general term for a kind of articles that explain ancient arguments. It was not much different from Lun, so it was later collectively referred to as reasoning analysis.
On the preface to the essay, it says: "The speaker explains, explains the meaning, and explains with his own meaning." The articles of this genre we have studied include On Teachers, On Horses, On young chinese, On Snake Catchers, On Huang Sheng's Borrowing Books, etc.
On a kind of essay style, according to "Yun": "Commentators discuss things". "Selected Works of Zhaoming" said: "There are two theories. One is the theory of history, which is the judgment of good and evil made by loyal ministers at the end of biographies.
For example, Tai Shigong said after Historical Records. Second, in political theory, it is fallacious for a bachelor and doctor to talk about ancient and modern figures or comment on classics and history. "
For example, The Six Kingdoms and Guo Qin. The floorboard of memorials presented by ancient ministers to the emperor.
Including play, discussion, reconciliation, expression, countermeasures and so on. Preface to the article: "Before the Seven Kingdoms, they were all called books, and Qin changed books into plays.
There are four kinds of ceremonies in Han dynasty: one is to say thank you; Second, play until it collapses; Three expressions of feelings; Four days of discussion, discussion. "(1) sparse.
It means detailed report. For example, Jia Yi's On Accumulation and Sparse Storage.
(2) table. Just stating a point or something.
Such as Zhuge Liang's "model". (3) countermeasures.
In ancient exams, the topic was strategy, so that candidates could answer strategies, and the articles that candidates answered were called countermeasures, such as Su Shi's "Teaching War and Defending Strategies". Preface (postscript) is also called "narration" or "introduction", just like today's "introduction" and "preface"
It is an article that explains the intention of writing or publishing a book, the arrangement style and the author's situation. It can also include comments on writers' works and research on related issues.
"Preface" is usually written in front of a book or article (some are listed in the back, such as "Preface to Historical Records"), and those listed in the back of the book are called "Postscript" or "Postscript". This kind of article belongs to expository or argumentative according to the content, and it is expository that explains the writing purpose, style and content.
Comments on the author's works or explanations are argumentative. The prefaces we have studied are: the preface to Scream, the preface to Rural Investigation, the postscript to the South Record of Returning to Germany, and the Biography of Lingguan.
Foreword style name. In ancient times, poetry was used to bid farewell, which was called the preface of giving and answering.
For example, Han Yu's Preface to Sending Stones to Chu Shi: "Therefore, all Dudong people ... hence the name" Six Rhymes of Songs and Poems ",which is sent to the preface cloud. After that, all farewell articles, which are not attached to the poem, are also called prefaces, and their contents are mostly words of praise or encouragement.
We studied Song Lian's Preface to Send Ma Sheng to Yang in the Ming Dynasty. In ancient times, words carved on objects to warn themselves or state their achievements were called "Ming".
Inscriptions carved on cards and placed on the right side of the case to protect themselves, such as Liu Yuxi's "My Humble Room", are called "mottos".
An epitaph is carved on a stone tablet to describe the life of the deceased and praise the memory. Such as Han Yu's epitaph of Liu Zihou.
Articles read when offering sacrifices to the dead or gods such as heaven, earth, mountains and rivers. There are two genres: verse and prose.
The content is to remember the main experiences of the deceased before his death, to praise his main moral character and achievements, to mourn and to inspire the living. Such as Yuan Mei's "Sister-in-law".
Miscellaneous notes include: (1) Miscellaneous notes on mountains and rivers, scenery and personnel. Descriptions of mountains and rivers, scenery and people, such as "Little Stone Pond" and "Mount Tai".
(2) Precautions. Mainly notes, characterized by short length, about 1000 words; Rich in content, there are historical anecdotes, heritages, literary essays, people's essays, science novels, textual research, reading miscellaneous notes and so on.
Shi Shuo Xin Yu and Meng Qian Bi Tan are such styles. Travel notes Travel notes are a form of prose that describes travel experiences.
Travel notes have a wide range of materials, which can describe the beauty of famous mountains and rivers, record the peculiar richness of local customs, reflect the daily life of a person and a family, and also record the major events of a country and express the author's thoughts and feelings. The style of writing is relaxed, vivid and informative, giving people rich social knowledge and good feelings.
Travel notes are argumentative essays, such as Yueyang Tower and You Bao Chan. There are scientific ones, such as the Three Gorges in Li Daoyuan; There are also those with * * * colors, such as Liu Zongyuan's The Story of Little Stone Pond. A fairy tale children's literature.
Through rich imagination, fantasy and exaggeration to shape characters, reflect life and educate children ideologically. The language of fairy tales is popular, vivid, vivid, bizarre, tortuous and full of interest.
The anthropomorphic description of natural scenery can adapt to children's psychology and interest, stimulate people's imagination, and is conducive to their acceptance and transformation. Fairy tales selected as teaching materials are: Andersen's The Emperor's New Clothes and Ye Shengtao's The Stone Statue of Ancient Heroes.
Folk stories are written orally by the masses, spread orally, and formed by many people's constant revision and processing. The characteristics of folk stories: strong story and vivid plot; Spoken, simple and lively; .
5. Famous literati from pre-Qin to Ming and Qing Dynasties and their introduction 1. The Book of Songs, also known as Three Hundred Poems, is China's first collection of poems, including 305 poems from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period, which are divided into three parts: style, elegance and ode, and listed as the Five Classics (The Book of Songs and Shangshu).
Famous articles include Guanju, Jiaxu, Meng, Storytelling and July. 2. Qu Yuan: Ping Ming, the original word, No.,was born in Chu at the end of the Warring States Period.
China was the first great patriotic poet and one of the four cultural celebrities in the world (Copernicus in Poland, Shakespeare in England, Dante in Italy). He wrote China's first long political lyric poem "Li Sao" in the form of Chu Ci, in which the famous sentence "The road is long, but it's Xiu Yuan, and I will go up and down to find it" has been recited through the ages.
Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional festival in China to commemorate Qu Yuan. 3. Confucius: Zhong Ni, a famous mountain, was called a "saint" in the world, and was a native of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period.
China was a great thinker, educator, founder of Confucianism and founder of private school in ancient times. The main words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples were recorded by Confucius' disciples and re-disciples in twenty articles of The Analects.
The Analects of Confucius is one of the four Confucian classics (Analects of Confucius, Mencius, University, the Doctrine of the Mean). 4. Mencius: Mingke, Yuzi, a representative figure of Confucianism in the Warring States Period, was called "Yasheng" by the world.
The main work is Mencius. There are 7 articles, each with the title of the first few words. This book records Mencius' thoughts and political remarks and is one of the "Four Books". The book "Help with the Tao, not for the Tao", "Born in sorrow, died in happiness" and "I want to be just" is from Mencius.
5. Mozi: Mingzhai, the founder of Mohism in the Warring States Period. Mozi is generally regarded as a collection of Mozi's words and deeds by his disciples and their re-disciples, in which loving the masses and not attacking represent Mozi's main ideas.
Public Loss is selected from Mozi. Zhuangzi: Zhou Ming, a philosopher in the Warring States Period and a representative of Taoism.
The main work is Zhuangzi, one of the Taoist classics, which is full of romance. The masterpiece Happy Travel.
7. Han Feizi: Korean at the end of the Warring States Period, a disciple of Xunzi, and a master of pre-Qin legalists. He is the author of Everything is Wrong.
Bian Que met Cai Huangong, Wu Zhu, Naoko and other suspected neighbors. All from this book.
8. Sima Qian: a historian of the Western Han Dynasty, with a long word, also known as Taishigong. The main work is Historical Records, also known as Taishi Gongshu, which is the first biographical history book in China, recording the 3000-year history from the legendary Yellow Emperor to the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. There are 130 books, which are divided into five genres: biography, biography, table and book.
Lu Xun called it "the historian's swan song, Li Sao has no rhyme." Chen She family is selected from Historical Records.
9. Cao Cao: The word Meng De, a politician, strategist and poet in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, was the first of the "Three Caos" (Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi). Representative works include Looking at the Sea, Although the Turtle Longevity, and Short Songs, which belong to Yuefu songs.
Create a new style of "Jian 'an Style". Lu Xun called him "the founder of reform articles".
10. Tao Yuanming: Also known as Qian, he has a cheerful personality. His real name is Mr. Wuliu, a famous poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the first outstanding pastoral poet in China. Representative works include Peach Blossom Garden, Biography of Mr. Wu Liu, Returning to the Garden, Drinking and so on.
1 1. Wang Bo: Zi Zi 'an, one of the four great poets in the early Tang Dynasty (,Yang Jiong, Lu, Luo). His main work is Wang Zian's works.
Among them, the most famous are "Farewell to Du Fu's appointment" and "Preface to Wang Tengting". He is the most accomplished poet among the "four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty".
12. Meng Haoran: The first person who wrote a large number of landscape poems in the Tang Dynasty was as famous as Wang Wei and was called "Wang Meng" by the world. His major works include Passing Old People's Village, Xiao Chun and Letter from Dongting Lake to Premier Zhang.
13. Wang Wei: The word moved, and the official went to Shangshu Youcheng, so he was called Wang Youcheng, a poet and painter in the Tang Dynasty. Together with Meng Haoran, he is a representative figure of the pastoral poetry school in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
His main works include "Going to the Frontier", "Seeing Yuan Er's Ambassador Anxi", "Zhuliguan" and "Thinking of my Shandong brothers on vacation in the mountains". Su Shi praised Wang Wei for "painting in poetry" and "poetry in painting".
14. Li Bai: The word Taibai,no. Violet laity, is called "Poet Fairy". One of the three great poets in Tang Dynasty (Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi).
His main poems include Li Taibai Ji, I heard that Wang Changling moved to Zuolongbiao Kiln, seeing friends off at Jingmen Ferry, Yuege on Mount Emei, Difficult to Go, and seeing Uncle Yun off at Xietiaolou in Xuanzhou, etc. His poems belong to the romantic and unrestrained school, which is the peak of classical romantic art.
Han Yu praised: "Du Li's article is there, and the flame is long." 15. Du Fu: Beautiful words, claiming to be young and old at night. He used to be Zuo Shiyi and Yuan Wailang in the proofreading department, and was internationally known as Du Gongbu.
With the same name as Li Bai, he is known as the "poet saint" and is one of the three great poets in the Tang Dynasty. His main works include Wang Yue, Wang Chun, Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage, The Yellow River was recaptured by the imperial army, Climbing the Building, Meeting Li Guinian Downstream, Three Officials (Xin 'an official, Shi Haoguan official, Tongguan official), Three Farewells (seeing off relatives, resigning from the old age, being homeless) and so on.
His poetry is the pinnacle of realistic poetry art and is called "the history of poetry". 16. Cen Can: an important representative of the Frontier Poetry School in the Tang Dynasty.
His main works include Farewell to Wu's Return to the Native Land and Farewell to General Feng of the Western Expedition. 17. Han Yu: the word is retired, and the official is the assistant minister of the official department. Posthumous title is the official department and Han Wengong, and the county looks at Changli, also known as Han Changli.
The advocator of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty and the leader of the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties" (Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong). Also known as "Liu Han" with Liu Zongyuan.
His main works include, Shi Shuo,, Sacrifice to 12 Lang Wen, Xiuzhang in early spring and other 18 members of the Ministry of Water Resources, and left to Languan to show their grandnephew's item. This is Mr. Changli's collection. 18. Liu Yuxi: Zi Mengde, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, was called "Liu Liu" with Liu Zongyuan and "Bai Liu" with Bai Juyi.
His major works include Humble Room Inscription, Wuyi Lane, Autumn Ci, Zhi Zhu Ci, Rewarding Lotte and the First Meeting in Yangzhou, etc. 19. Bai Juyi: Letian,No. Xiangshan layman, the main advocate of the New Yuefu Movement in the middle Tang Dynasty, and one of the three great poets in the Tang Dynasty. Together with Yuan Zhen, he was called "Bai Yuan".
His main works are Spring Tour in Qiantang, Watching Wheat Cutting, Selling Charcoal Weng, Song of Eternal Sorrow, Pipa Trip and so on. , he edited into "Bai Changqing Collection". He is the inheritor of the tradition of realistic poetry and advocates "writing".
6. What is the difference between the classical Chinese in the pre-Qin period and the classical Chinese in the Republic of China? There is little difference between the classical Chinese in the pre-Qin period and the classical Chinese in the Republic of China, but people's spoken English has been playing. Change.
As the basic feature of ideographic writing, Chinese characters were unified by Qin Shihuang, not by local languages. From then on, Chinese characters and pronunciation began to part ways, which opened the basic pattern of "separation of language and writing"
By the Han Dynasty, people's spoken pronunciation was different from that of the Qin Dynasty. The spoken language has changed, but the written language is basically fixed and has not changed with the spoken language. Hu Shi believes that by the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, "ancient prose has become a kind of extinct language". What Hu Shi meant by this sentence was that by the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the situation of "separation of language and writing" was very obvious.
As we all know, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty did something that had a far-reaching impact on the historical development of China, that is, "ousting a hundred schools of thought and worshiping Confucianism alone". Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty deposed hundreds of scholars, established the imperial academy, took Confucian classics as the official career standard and "classical Chinese" as the standard language of national communication, which made "classical Chinese" gain the status of official language.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty designated "classical Chinese" as the standard language of school education, which is a wonderful way to strengthen the status of "classical Chinese" as an official language, and of course it is also conducive to the preservation of "classical Chinese" ancient prose. The future education and imperial examination selection system will follow this practice, and the inheritance of classical Chinese will naturally be guaranteed.
However, with the passage of time, spoken English is constantly changing. From the Han and Wei Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, due to the official implementation and the need of imperial examinations, literati deliberately imitated the language of the "Four Books" and "Five Classics" to write, and the distance between classical Chinese and later oral English became larger and larger, and the situation of "literary inquisition" became more and more serious. By the way, the rise of vernacular Chinese in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China should be closely related to the abolition of the imperial examination.
How did oral pronunciation change in ancient languages? Because there was no recording technology and camera in ancient times, we could not have the opportunity to hear the ancient sounds intuitively. Only professional ancient Chinese scholars can study the evolution of pronunciation in the long river of history. Song Ci, for example, was originally the lyrics of singing, but how to sing Song Ci was lost because it could not be recorded at that time. Now I've heard that some people are trying to resume singing Song Ci, but it's hard to say how they sing. Whether the Song Ci sung now is the same as that sung by people in the Song Dynasty may be unreliable.
7. Is there a difference between the classical Chinese of the Qing Dynasty and the classical Chinese of the previous dynasty? Classical Chinese is a kind of written language in China, which mainly includes the written language based on spoken language in the pre-Qin period. Commonly known as "yes." During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, no articles were invented to record characters, but bamboo slips, silks and other things were used to record characters, and silks were expensive, bamboo slips were huge and the number of words recorded was limited. In order to record more things on a roll of bamboo slips, unimportant words must be deleted. It can be said that "classical Chinese" is the earliest "compressed" format of written records in the world. Later, when "paper" was used on a large scale, the habit of using "official documents" among the ruling classes had been finalized, and the ability to use "classical Chinese" had evolved into a symbol of reading and literacy.
Ok, now let me explain it to you.
The so-called classical Chinese refers to the establishment of grammar used by people in writing articles in the pre-Qin period-from ancient times to the Qin Dynasty, which was based on people's speaking habits at that time. Later, in the post-Qin era, people's ways of speaking and writing articles became more and more different, that is to say, speaking and writing articles in different languages always followed the classical Chinese handed down from the pre-Qin period, but their speeches kept changing. For example, the speech of the Han Dynasty and the Qin Dynasty must be similar, and the Tang Dynasty and the Han Dynasty must be far apart. It is estimated that if we modern people go back to the Song Dynasty and knew a little before the Five Dynasties, we will be able to speak in the Qing Dynasty.
Writing articles is different, even though we can basically understand articles thousands of years ago, such as The Analects of Confucius and The Warring States Policy, because the way of writing articles has remained basically unchanged for thousands of years, and culture has been preserved.
There are many kinds of classical Chinese, including strategies, poems, words, songs, stereotyped writing, parallel prose and ancient prose.
It is a pity, however, that Dream of Red Mansions is not written in classical Chinese, and there are some lyrics like Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Yuan Zaju, as well as many novels and modern articles in the late Qing Dynasty. Because more consideration is given to the masses, so that ordinary people can understand, so most of them use vernacular, because it is actually the vernacular at that time. A dream of red mansions is only the language spoken by Qing people, not classical Chinese.
The real classical Chinese, just read "The View of Ancient Chinese". If you don't understand all the handwriting, you can ask again.
Be urgent ~ (@ _ @) ~
8. Is there a difference between the classical Chinese of the Qing Dynasty and the classical Chinese of the previous dynasty? How do I see that Cao Xueqin's classical Chinese is the written language of China, mainly including the written language based on spoken language in the pre-Qin period. Commonly known as "what is it?" During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, no articles were invented to record words. Bamboo slips and silks were used to record words, but silks were expensive, bamboo slips were bulky and the number of words recorded was limited. In order to write more things on a roll of bamboo slips, it is necessary to delete unimportant words. It can be said that "classical Chinese" is the earliest "compressed" format of written records in the world. Later, when "paper" was used on a large scale, the habit of using "official documents" between the ruling classes had been finalized. Being able to use "classical Chinese" has evolved into a symbol of reading and literacy. Now let me explain to you that the so-called classical Chinese refers to the grammar used by people to write articles from ancient times to the Qin Dynasty. This grammar is based on people's speaking habits at that time. Later, in the post-Qin era, people's ways of speaking and writing articles became more and more different, that is, speaking and writing articles in different languages. Classical Chinese handed down from the pre-Qin period has been changing. For example, the speeches of the Han Dynasty and the Qin Dynasty are similar, but the speeches of the Tang Dynasty and the Han Dynasty are far from each other. We modern people estimate that we can understand a little when we return to the Song Dynasty. We were afraid of trouble in the Qing dynasty, but now writing articles is different. Even articles written thousands of years ago, we can basically understand them, such as The Analects of Confucius and The Warring States Policy, because the way of writing articles has remained basically unchanged for thousands of years. There are many kinds of classical Chinese that can be preserved, including strategies, poems, words, songs, stereotyped writing, parallel prose, ancient prose and so on. Unfortunately, it is said that A Dream of Red Mansions is not written in classical Chinese, and there are some lyrics like Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Yuanqu, as well as many novels and modern articles in the late Qing Dynasty. Because more consideration is given to the masses, so that ordinary people can understand, so most of them use vernacular, because it is actually the vernacular at that time. A dream of red mansions is only the language spoken by people in Qing dynasty, not the real classical Chinese.