2 English reference [Xiangya Medical Dictionary]
Collection [Landau Chinese-English Dictionary]
Essay [Xiangya Medical Dictionary]
Example [Xiangya Medical Dictionary]
Example [Xiangya Medical Dictionary]
Preposition [Xiangya Medical Dictionary]
Prepare Landau Chinese-English Dictionary
Preparation. Xiangya Medical Dictionary
Sample [2 1 century bilingual dictionary of science and technology]
Species [Xiangya Medical Dictionary]
Xiangya medical dictionary
Specimen [2 1 century bilingual dictionary of science and technology]
Manifestations and root causes. Terminology of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2004)]
Three specimens remained intact or used for reference. Specimen refers to animal, plant and mineral samples that are kept intact or used as reference in research. Such as insect specimens.
4. Obtain materials and samples for testing or research from test objects (samples); Sample) refers to blood, sputum, feces, tissue sections, etc. Used for laboratory testing or research.
Specimens in toxicology refer to test objects or materials obtained from test systems for inspection and analysis [1].
5 TCM terms and specimens are a relative concept and a primary and secondary relationship. Specimen is a relative concept about the primary and secondary relationship of things, with "Ben" referring to the main aspect and "Biao" referring to the secondary aspect [2]? .
"Standards" are two relative concepts. Wood is called "Ben" and screams "Mark".
The word specimen is commonly used in Chinese medicine and has different meanings in different situations.
From the human body and pathogenic factors: healthy qi is the foundation of human body, and evil is the standard;
From the disease itself: the cause is the root, and the symptoms are the standard;
From the perspective of old and new diseases, primary and secondary diseases: old diseases and primary diseases are the basis, while new diseases and secondary diseases are the "standard"; In the theory of meridians, the concentration of meridian qi in limbs is the "origin" and the diffusion in a certain part of the head and body is the "standard", thus clarifying the relationship between the limbs and the head, face and trunk.
"Ben"-the origin of meridian qi concentrated in lower limbs;
"Biao"-the dispersed part of meridian qi, located in the upper part of head, face, chest and abdomen.
In the twelve meridians, the positions of terminal and root are different, with "mark" above and "root" below. The head, face, chest and back of the human body are different from the limbs, and the former is higher. Therefore, in the twelve meridians, the "mark" is in the upper part of the head, face, chest and back, and the "root" is in the lower part of the limbs.
5. 1 Relationship between etiology and symptoms All the causes and symptoms, disease before disease, healthy qi and pathogenic factors, and internal and external diseases have the relationship of specimens. In terms of human body and pathogenic factors, healthy qi is the foundation and evil is the standard [2]? ; As far as the disease itself is concerned, the cause is Ben and the symptoms are mark [2]? ; From the perspective of new diseases and old diseases, primary diseases and secondary diseases, old diseases and primary diseases are the basis, and new diseases and secondary diseases are the standards [2]? ; From the location of the disease, the disease is in the lower part, inside, above and outside. "Su Wen, Biography of Specimen Diseases": "Those who know specimens are omnipotent; I don't know the specimen because of ignorance. " The relationship between specimens should be used to analyze the priorities of diseases and determine the corresponding treatment steps.
5.2 Meridian specimens Meridians are based on limbs and marked on the head, face and trunk (see Reiki). In the twelve meridians, the positions of terminal and root are different, with "mark" above and "root" below. The head, face, chest and back of the human body are different from the limbs, and the former is higher. Therefore, in the twelve meridians, the "mark" is in the upper part of the head, face, chest and back, and the "root" is in the lower part of the limbs.
5.2. For a detailed record of the1Twelve Classics, see "Lingshu Wedge": "The root of the foot sun is marked five inches above the heel, and those at the second winding gate are also eye-catching. The essence of foot yang deficiency is in the orifices of yin, which is marked in front of the window cage, and the window cage is also in the ear. The source of foot yin deficiency is three inches above and below the medial malleolus, and it is also marked on the dorsal Shu and sublingual collaterals. The source of foot Jue Yin, five inches between lines, is marked on the back of Shu. The foundation of Foot Yangming lies in Li Dui, which is marked by human face, cheeks and arms. The origin of the foot Taiyin is between four inches before the Chinese seal, which is marked on the back Shu and tongue. The origin of the hand sun is behind the outer ankle and marked one inch above the life gate. The origin of hand yang deficiency is two inches between the little finger and the middle finger, and it is marked at the lower lateral canthus of the upper corner behind the ear. The origin of Yangming of the hand is in the elbow bone, up to the other yang, and marked on the pincers under the face. The origin of the moon hand is at the mouth of the inch, marked by the movement (pulse) under the armpit. The root of hand deficiency yin is at the end of sharp bone, which is marked on the back Shu. The root of the palm is marked two inches between the two tendons behind your palm and three inches under your armpit. "
The mark of foot three yang is on the head and face:
The signs of foot three yin are in the back Shu and tongue;
The hand three-yang mark part is on the head and face part and is communicated with the foot three-yang mark part;
The three yin marks of the hand are comfortable on the chest and back;
Although each meridian does not completely recite Shu and Mu points, it can be seen that all yang meridians are marked by head and face, while all yin meridians are mainly marked by Yumu point; All yin and yang meridians are based on limbs. The part of this book does not refer to the well hole like the "root", but the position is high and low, and the scope is very large; The target part is not as many organs as the knot, but refers to the part where the meridian gas is widely distributed.
The twelve meridians Specimen Location Table:
5.2.2 Application of Specimen Theory the twelve meridians's Specimen Theory is of great significance in the diagnosis and syndrome differentiation of diseases. "Ling Shu Wei Qi" said: "Those who can know the specimens of six meridians can be confused in the world." "Fu for Friends" said: "If you are poor, you will have four roots and three knots. If you stab the specimen, you will be cured." Explain the important role of meridian specimen theory in treatment.
Another example is "Ling Shu Wei Qi", when discussing syndrome differentiation and treatment, which says: "Anyone who treats this will feel faint, excessive heat, dizziness and pain. Therefore, the stone (real) must stop, and the virtual must lead it. " Zhang Jiebin explained it this way: "The specimens of these classics have their own symptoms from top to bottom, the bottom is fundamental, the deficiency is fainting, and the yuan yang declines." Sheng is hot, and evil heat is second; Marked, deficiency is dizzy, clear is yang does not rise; Excessive heat causes pain, while pathogenic fire causes excessive heat. Stone, solid also, never stop, that is, solid can diarrhea, when the root is firm and stop its disease. It is said that deficiency needs to be supplemented, and when it is guided to help its qi, it also vibrates its decline. "This is a different treatment of the actual situation under the guidance of specimen theory.
The application of specimen theory in acupoint selection, such as Su Wen's "Biography of Specimen Diseases", said: "Where acupuncture prescription is used, it will be different from yin and yang, corresponding to the front and back, and the specimen will be phase shifted. Therefore, it is said: seek after the standard, seek after the book, seek after the book, and seek after the standard. Therefore, there are winners, winners, losers and winners. Therefore, knowing it instead of asking, doing what is right, knowing its specimens, doing everything possible, not knowing its specimens, this is called jumping, which shows that clinical acupoint selection is varied.
5.2.2. 1 Proximity therapy is to treat the symptoms of diseases and treat their roots. This is a closed access method and a sequential (slave) method. Remote access method:
Treating diseases at the root and treating diseases at the root is a far-reaching method and a reverse far-reaching method. "On Su Wen and Zheng Wuchang" said: "The disease is above, and it is below; Sick at the bottom, sick at the top; It is the application of inverse method to take the disease from the middle and take it from the side.
The application of acupoints in 5.2.2.2's headquarters The theory of meridian specimen is consistent with the theory of nodule, and the relationship between meridian qi and head, body and viscera is expounded. The distal limb has roots, and its acupoints, especially the five Shu points, the original point and the collateral points below the elbow and knee, can treat head, chest, abdomen and visceral diseases. For example, "After Elbow Song" said: "The head and face diseases reach the yin"; "I have a headache in my heart, but my eyes can't open." "Expressing Friends" said: "The heart swells and the throat hurts, and if the needle is too dull, it will be pulled out; Cold spleen and stomach pain, diarrhea and healing. " "Song of the Four Generals" says: "The belly is three miles, the waist and back are in the middle, the first item is missing, and the face is full of grains." The above is the specific application of acupoints in this department.
The application of 5.2.2.3's standard acupoints is based on the head, chest, abdomen and back of human body.
Head and face landmarks: can treat head and face, facial features and brain diseases. For example, "Xuan Tong Yao Zhifu" said: "The wind hurts urgently and begins in the wind house; Dizziness, look for it in the wind pool. " "all diseases fu" said: "the face is swollen and vain, and it must rely on the front of the ditch; Deafness and suffocation depend on hearing and hurricanes. "
Thoracic and abdominal dorsal acupoints: Taking Shumu as the representative, it is of special significance for the diagnosis and treatment of thoracic and abdominal visceral diseases. For example:
Treating lung diseases with Zhongfu, Shu Fei, Fengmen and Zhongshan;
Diagnosis and treatment of spleen and stomach diseases with spleen Shu, food sinus, Zhangmen and Zhongwan;
Diagnosis and treatment of diseases such as kidney, intestine, uterus and lower energizer with Shenshu, Guanyuan, Qihai and Weidao.
In addition, according to the theory that the upper and lower meridians and qi of the specimen are connected, the upper disease can go down and the lower disease can go up. Some acupoints on the head and body can be used to treat limb diseases, such as the Shenting in Qian Jin Fang to treat quadriplegia; "The Secret of Outer Taiwan" treats flaccidity and weakness with floating white; "Elbow Back Bend" takes Fengfu to treat leg and foot diseases; Treatment of limb muscle contracture pain with "Biaoyoufu" and taking the soul gate. The above is the specific application of standard acupoints.
The acupoint matching between the headquarters and the standard parts of 5.2.2.4 is the most widely used method in clinic, such as:
"All Diseases Fu": "Lian Quan, Chong Chong, sublingual swelling and pain, comparable; Tianfu, Hegu, nosebleeds to chase "; "Building inside Shanhaiguan pass, swept away in anguish; Listen to the palace spleen and dispel the sadness under your heart. " "Thorns are strong into mountains, and they are good at controlling intestinal wind bleeding; Needle three yin in the sea of qi, specializing in the treatment of white turbid long-term nocturnal emission "; "Look at the bird's eyes and liver qi, and push between the lines with bright eyes; Try him. Typhoid fever is strong, warm and slippery, Master. "
All of the above are the specific applications of the coordination between the standard part and the acupoints of this part.
5.3 The primary and secondary relationship between disease and treatment refers to the primary and secondary relationship between the patient's disease and the doctor's treatment. "Su Wen: On Tang Lao": "The disease is the foundation, the merit is the standard, the specimen is not accurate, and the evil spirits are not satisfied." Bing Wang's Note: "Some people say that doctors and diseases don't get along ... that work and diseases don't get along, and evil spirits don't suit you. Is it only the evil of acupuncture and moxa sticks, and there are medical stones? "
5.4 specimens of luck theory