Cai Wenji showed great musical talent at an early age. One night, Cai Yong played the piano and the strings were broken. Cai Wenji said without looking, "The second string is broken." This surprised Cai Yong. So Cai Yong deliberately broke the other one and asked her daughter which one it was. Cai Wenji said, "This is the fourth time." The answer is absolutely correct. After this story came out, Cai Yong's daughter was regarded as a child prodigy. In the Liang Dynasty, a man named compiled a biography of young children, which was a book on children's education published at that time, and recorded a large number of stories of child prodigies, among which the story of Cai Wenji Qin Jian was selected. Cai Wenji grew up to be a piano superman.
Cai Wenji received a good education since childhood. Han Yu once said that "Zhong Lang has a daughter and her career can be passed on". Biography at least includes learning, music, calligraphy and literary creation. Although it is impossible to witness Cai Wenji's original calligraphy at present, according to Xuanhe Pu Shu, bookstores and other materials, Cai Wenji also has high attainments in calligraphy art. ..
However, such a knowledgeable and talented woman was born in an era when women could not control their own destiny and suffered from the hardships of the times. While inheriting her father's knowledge and talent, she also has the same tragic fate as her father.
Cai Wenji lives in an era of political darkness and frequent wars. It was an era when the Han Dynasty turned from prosperity to decline and went to collapse. This is the period when the Eastern Han Dynasty fell apart. After the struggle between consorts and eunuchs, the Yellow turban insurrectionary and Dong Zhuo's rebellion, the regime of the Eastern Han Dynasty existed in name only, forming a situation in which the vassals separated themselves. Years of war, coupled with various natural and man-made disasters, have caused endless pain and sorrow everywhere.
Around the sixth year of Emperor Gaozu's Xiping (AD 177), Cai Wenji's father, Cai Yong, wrote Eight Questions about Disasters in Imperial Letters, arguing that the root cause of political chaos and natural and man-made disasters at that time was "the door was far away from the temple", that is to say, it was mainly caused by consorts and eunuchs interfering in state affairs. Such a sharp attack offended many dignitaries. As a result, Cai Yong was regarded as "disrespectful" and was to be put to death. Under the mediation of good friends, he was saved from death and was stationed in Wuyuan County (now northwest of Baotou City, Inner Mongolia). In the third year when he came to Wuyuan, he offended Wang Zhi and Cai Yong, the prefect of Wuyuan, and fled to Jianghai, away from Wuhui, which lasted 12 years.
Dong Zhuo, after recruiting in the capital, heard about Cai Yong's fame and tried to use intimidation to buy people's hearts. Under the threat of persecution, Cai Yong plunged into Dong Zhuo's door, promoted to the highest position, supplemented the suggestion, and transferred to the Chinese book suggestion. At this time, Cai Wenji was twelve or thirteen years old and began a relatively short, calm and rich life. 16 years old, Cai Wenji married Wei Zhongdao in Hedong (now north of Yuncheng, Shanxi Province), around the third year of Chuping in Xian Di (A.D. 192). Unfortunately, however, shortly thereafter, his father Cai Yong was killed by Wang Yun just because he sighed when he heard the news that Dong Zhuo was killed. Moreover, almost in the same year, her husband died unfortunately. At this time, Cai Wenji had just been married for a year, and Cai Wenji had to return to his hometown because he had no children. Soon, a war broke out. "Hu Qi got it, but he didn't go to the left and south Xiongnu. He was in the middle of the call for twelve years and gave birth to two sons. " From then on, Cai Wenji began to live in exile in the northwest frontier. If Cai Wenji is an ordinary woman and spends the rest of her life with her children, it may not be such a tragic thing. However, Cai Wenji, who was born in a noble family and studied since childhood, will undoubtedly feel very humiliated.
In the 13th year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao was the prime minister of Han Dynasty, and took power. Because she is Cai Yong's daughter, for political and cultural reasons, she sent an envoy to redeem her with her, which made her life change greatly again, that is, "Moon Xi Gui Han" sung by later generations. No matter what Cao Cao's purpose is, Cai Wenji can go back to her hometown, and her dream for many years has finally come true. She is excited, and she is excited inside. In "Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia", she sang: "The east wind is obedient to the law, and there is much anger in the evening, knowing that the son of heaven in the Han family is happy and harmonious. Hu Qiang Dan is the best of Xi * * *, and the two countries have sex and go to war. Suddenly, I met an envoy of the Han Dynasty and told me to approach the imperial edict and ask my daughter to redeem my concubine. "
However, excitement is short-lived. Her two children born in Woody can't be taken away, they will be separated forever. This is very cruel for a mother. In Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia, from the thirteenth beat to the eighteenth beat, almost all the poets are saying, "Heaven and earth are separated, and I am bitter and resentful."
Cai Wenji is the most famous female writer in Han Dynasty. Her works have high literary value and great influence on later generations. Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia is a piano music written by her after returning to Han, referring to the tone color of Hu people and combining her own tragic experience. After marrying Dongsi, she became sentimental, divorced and wrote a poem of grief and indignation. Poem of Sorrow and Indignation is the first autobiographical five-character narrative poem in the history of China's poetry, with complete stories and characters. It not only artistically reproduces Cai Wenji's tragic life, but also truly reflects that turbulent and difficult era, which created a precedent for literati to narrate long poems and played an important role in the history of China's poetry development.
In addition to the five-character poem "Sorrow and Anger", Hu Jia's "Eighteen Pais" and "Poems of Sorrow and Anger in Sao Style" are also excellent poems (which are controversial and I think were written by Cai Wenji). "Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia" is a lyric poem with 129 sentences, which expresses the sadness that the southern Xiongnu was humiliated and returned to Han, and Cai Wenji gave up his flesh and blood. It is a generous, beautiful, exciting and sad literary masterpiece. His literary achievements mainly lie in the "truth" and "bitterness" of his poems. The so-called "truth" was written by Cai Wenji according to his own personal experience, while the so-called "bitterness" was caused by Cai Wenji's physical and mental experience. Sad poems are also called songs of Chu and sad poems. Compared with the sadness of five-character poems, it is simple and touching. For example, "Happy people play the guzheng happily, and the sound of the piano is harmonious, sad and clear." My heart is full of thoughts and anger. I want to relax and I am afraid that I will be shocked. Tears are hanging around my neck. "It shows the scene that Cai Wenji is separated from his own flesh and blood.
After Cai Wenji returned to Han, he did some sorting work of ancient books and sorted out some letters from home. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, wars continued, a large number of books were destroyed, and culture was robbed again. Although the books compiled by Cai Wenji from memory have no detailed contents in the history books, they have preserved a large number of classics for future generations and made great contributions to the spread and preservation of China culture.
Cai Wenji is not only famous in the history of literature because of her outstanding literary talent, but also her legendary tragic life and indomitable spirit in the face of suffering are moved by people of all ages. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, "Moon Hee returned to the Han Dynasty" and "Zhao Jun entered the fortress" have become well-known folk stories and themes in poetry and painting, and countless poets and poets have lamented this topic. The Tang Dynasty once said: "When Mrs. Cai wrote this song, she had already sung eighteen verses one by one; Even the Tatars shed tears on the grass on the border, and the messenger of China was heartbroken and went home with his guards. " Later generations described the traditional Chinese operas, including Guo Moruo's dramas and Kunqu Opera, Cheng's Peking Opera Moon's Han, and the TV series Cao Cao and so on. Cai Wenji has become a symbol of China women and China people's indomitable and tenacious survival in the face of war, which will be remembered for generations to come.