(University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049)
This paper mainly introduces three sets of biographies of large-scale scientists: Biography of China Science and Technology Experts, Intermediate Products of Dictionary of Science and Biography, and Summary of Academic Achievements of Famous Scientists in China in the 20th Century, especially interprets the biographies of earth scientists, especially geologists, and fully affirms their great role in enriching the earth science and culture. In addition, some reference books on biographies of earth scientists are attached, and the history and present situation of publishing this content are comprehensively reviewed.
Keywords Biography of Earth Scientists, Earth Science Culture
Earth scientists are the main body of earth science. Earth scientists and working people have created a systematic and complete earth science and splendid earth science culture together. Geologists account for a considerable part of earth scientists. Under the leadership of the Party, the vast number of geologists in our country embody the spirit of "three honors" of "being proud of dedicating themselves to the geological cause, being proud of hard work and making contributions to prospecting". Among them, those who can grow into "masters" or even "masters" of geological science are all models to carry forward the spirit of "three honors". For example, after receiving a master's degree from Birmingham University in the early years, Li Siguang declined the high-paying employment of the school teacher and immediately returned to Peking University as a professor of geology to devote himself to the geological cause of the motherland. /kloc-in the winter of 0/942, Huang led the Xinjiang Petroleum Geology Investigation Team of the Central Geological Survey to Xinjiang and braved the cold of minus 20-30 degrees to work in the field. Xie is known as "the master of mineral deposits" and "the person who looks for the most minerals".
In the new period of reform and opening up, our party respects knowledge and talents, vigorously publicizes the great achievements of scientists in the four modernizations, and gives full play to their patriotism, hard work and dedication. Biographical publications of scientists are rich and colorful, with hundreds of versions, especially the publishing projects of several biographies of great scientists are more noticeable. This paper attempts to discuss some major biographical projects.
1In June, 1985, the Third National Congress of China Association for Science and Technology made a resolution to compile a series of biographies of China science and technology experts. This is a historical document, focusing on modern scientific and technological figures in China and reflecting the development process of science and technology in China. This series records the lives of famous scientific and technological experts in China, highlights their contributions to the development of science, technology, economy and society of the motherland and even all mankind, provides historical materials for studying the history of science and technology in China, and summarizes experiences and lessons from them. This series of books is documentary, academic, ideological, instrumental, readable and retrievable, and has important reading and reference value for scientific and technological leaders and managers, scientific and technological workers, researchers in the history of science and technology, popular science workers, teachers and students in colleges and universities.
This series of books is outstanding. It is divided into four sections (four editions): science, engineering, agronomy and medicine. The former is basic science, while the latter three are applied science. The engineering edition was later renamed as "Engineering Technology Edition". It is divided into the following series of volumes. The volumes of the above four series are 6, 12, 7 and 5 in turn, accounting for 30 volumes. Later, two volumes were added, 32 volumes. The following volumes are volumes, regardless of "up, down" or "up, middle and down", but volumes 1, 2, 3 ... Up to N, about 70 volumes have been published so far, and the most is the volume of Chemistry compiled by Science (4 volumes); Followed by science books, physics books, agricultural books (all three).
Here, I will focus on the geography volume compiled by Neo-Confucianism. The first editor-in-chief was Liu Dongsheng, academician of China Academy of Sciences and secretary of the Secretariat of China Association for Science and Technology. He is also the editor-in-chief and deputy director of the editorial board of New Confucianism. At the same time, he holds a position in the third-level editorial board, and he is particularly grasping the geography volume. He presided over editorial board meetings for many times, discussing writing style, selection criteria of personnel entering and leaving, priorities, collection and arrangement of materials, detailed selection of content and so on. After each meeting, I said to the author of the "preface" of the volume, "Yuntang, according to the discussion just now, revise it again!" He checked the revised draft every time and finally passed it smoothly. The preface finally says: "The task of this book is to spread the socialist road, teach the science and technology industry, solve the confusion of the road of life, and cast the soul of a great nation with the infinite power of the brilliant example of great scientists. We are proud and proud to devote ourselves to this great cause, and we feel that we have a long way to go. " He also often meets with two or three executive editors, carefully scrutinizing the "introduction" and important content of each manuscript until everyone is satisfied. When he was in office, this volume published three volumes, 1.32 million words, 1.23 people, including 82 academicians, accounting for 66.7%, 83 geologists and 56 academicians, accounting for 67.5%. Academician Liu Dongsheng died in 2008 at the age of 9 1. He devoted himself to the biography project of earth scientists and will be remembered forever.
The second editor-in-chief is Sun Shu, academician of China Academy of Sciences, director of in-situ research department and deputy director of the National Natural Science Foundation of China. On the basis of the original work of Academician Liu Dongsheng, continue to work hard. At present, he has collected 70 or 80 manuscripts, and the fourth and fifth volumes are expected to be published one after another, with the goal of publishing them within this year and next.
In the late 1980s, China Academy of Sciences and Science Press planned another large-scale biographical project of scientists. They plan to emulate the dictionary of scientific biographies published in the United States, referred to as "DSB". This book is a hardcover edition, 16, arranged alphabetically by surname, with many volumes. China Academy of Sciences Library, Literature Information Center, open reading, occupies a whole bookshelf. Very imposing. It is planned to compile a dictionary of biographies of scientists, including about 8,000 biographies of Chinese and foreign scientists, with a total word count of about 20 million words, with an average of two or three thousand words per article. The editor-in-chief of the book was Lu Jiaxi, then president of China Academy of Sciences, and the deputy editors were Yan Dongsheng, Zhou, Wu Wenjun, Wang, Tu Guangchi, Wu Jieping and Su. The first meeting of the editorial board was held in August, 1988, to discuss major policies. Accordingly, Science Press has set up an editorial team of Biographical Dictionary of Scientists to engage in specific operations.
In the first half of 1990s, they published three series of intermediate products. First, two volumes of Biography of Ancient Scientists in China, with more than 200 people, regardless of their major (the ancient division of labor is not so clear), were mainly completed by experts from the Institute of Natural Science History of Chinese Academy of Sciences. II. Six biographies of modern scientists in China, with 679 people. Each volume is divided into majors, namely: mathematics, mechanics, physics, chemistry, astronomy, geoscience, biology, agronomy, medicine, pharmacy and engineering technology. Among them, geoscientists 126, geologists 78 and geologists 6 1 person. Third, biographies of world famous scientists, classified by specialty. The editor-in-chief of the Geologist is Academician Sun Shu. At present, only one volume has been published, which contains the biographies of 26 foreign geologists, including geologist 15. Later, due to lack of funds and other reasons, the plan to compile the contents of intermediate products into a dictionary of scientists' biographies died halfway, but these intermediate products themselves also left precious scientific historical materials.
At the beginning of this century, Academician Qian Weichang, a famous scientist, made a report to the CPC Central Committee, requesting the compilation of a large-scale series "An Overview of the Academic Achievements of Famous Scientists in China in the 20th Century", which was supported by the Party and the government and listed as a national key publishing book planning project. He is the editor-in-chief, divided into about 20 volumes according to his major, and the Science Press has a special editing room to operate. After five or six years of hard work, it has been basically published. Among them, the editor-in-chief of Geoscience Volume is Academician Sun Honglie, and the deputy editors are Academician Li Tingdong, Academician Zhou Xiuji and Academician Zheng Du. Editors 15 (including chief editor and deputy chief editor), all academicians. This volume consists of five volumes (geology, paleontology, geography, geophysics and atmospheric science, marine science).
These three sets of books are selected biographies of top scientists, so at least 70% or 80% of them are repetitions that vary from person to person, and the basic contents of the biographies cannot be changed, but the authors are staggered in words and expressions, and the contents are carefully selected, so they will never be the same, and each has its important reference value.
Of these three series, the second and third series are all one-off, and basically come to an end after publication. Only the first series of books will be published permanently. It is necessary to embody the spirit that China Association for Science and Technology is "the home of China's scientific and technological workers" and provide biographies of China scientists from generation to generation for the world's reference. These biographies will always be accompanied by the vigorous development of China's scientific and technological undertakings and reflect the characteristics of China's scientific undertakings at all stages.
In addition, there are many reference books on biographies of scientists, each of which is only a few hundred words to one or two thousand words, which is also convenient for scientific and technological workers to consult at any time. For example, at the beginning of reform and opening up (from the end of 1970s to the first half of 1980s), a group of young and middle-aged teachers from Beijing Language Institute (now beijing language and culture university) compiled a ***5-volume Dictionary of China Scientists, which was published by Shandong Science and Technology Publishing House; 1989, China Geo University Press published the Directory of Geologists in China, edited by Wang Hengli, Wang Zixian and Li Zhongjun, which included 366 entries; 1In March, 990, Gansu Science and Technology Publishing House published the Directory of Geoscientists of China Academy of Sciences edited by Lanzhou Document Information Center of China Academy of Sciences and Geographic Information Network of China Academy of Sciences (authors: Liu Quangen, Zhang Chengquan, Zhang, Pan Yuntang, etc. ), and this book * * * includes 1686 systematic geologists of Chinese Academy of Sciences, most of whom are geologists; 1In July, 994, Meteorological Publishing House published the Dictionary of Contemporary Geologists in China (edited by Xie Ren as honorary editor), which included the entries of 3,625 geologists in China (including Hong Kong and Taiwan), including about 2,000 geologists (including geologists, coalfield geologists, petroleum geologists and metallurgical geologists). In 2006, Geological Publishing House published a large-scale reference book-Dictionary of Earth Science. Its "Basic Subject Volume" includes the list of geologists from China Academy of Sciences and China Academy of Engineering, and also includes China geologist 173, including geologist14 and foreign geologist 173.
There are many precious historical materials in the above-mentioned series and dictionaries, which illustrate the excellent qualities of geologists such as patriotism, hard work and dedication, and more intensively reflect the "three honors" spirit of geologists in the new China period, which is a great education and encouragement to the broad masses of the people, especially the broad masses of young people.
refer to
Wang Hengli, Wang Zixian, Li Zhongjun. 1989. List of geologists in China. Wuhan: China Geo University Press.
Lanzhou Document Information Center of China Academy of Sciences, Geographic Information Network of China Academy of Sciences. 1990. Directory of geoscientists of China Academy of Sciences. Lanzhou: Gansu Science and Technology Press.
Huang, edited by He Shaoxun. 1990. Biography of modern geologists in China (Volume I). Changsha: Hunan Science and Technology Press.
A Biographical Dictionary of Scientists edited by Lu Jiaxi. 199 1 ~ 1994. Biography of modern scientists in China (1-6 episodes). Beijing: Science Press.
Editor-in-chief sun Shu 1995. Biography of world famous scientists and geographers 1. Beijing: Science Press.
Editor of China Association for Science and Technology, editor-in-chief of Liu Dongsheng. 1996. Brief introduction of scientific and technological experts in China (Volume I). Shijiazhuang: Hebei Education Press.
Editor of China Association for Science and Technology, editor-in-chief of Liu Dongsheng. 200 1 ~ 2004. Brief introduction of scientific and technical experts in China (Volume II to Volume III). Beijing China Science and Technology Press.
Editor of Editorial Committee of Dictionary of Earth Sciences. 2006. Dictionary of Earth Sciences. Basic subject volume. Beijing: Geological Publishing House.
Qian Weichang, editor-in-chief, and Sun Honglie, editor-in-chief of this volume. Summary of academic achievements of famous scientists in China in 20th13.20th century. Geography volume. Geological volume. Beijing: Science Press.