one
Few people do as the Romans do. Their nature is to love nature. I sneaked into the official career network and have been away from the game for more than ten years.
Birds in cages are often attached to the forests of the past, and fish in ponds yearn for the abyss of the past. I want to open up wasteland in Minamino and keep my humility to the fields.
The house is surrounded by about ten acres of land, thatched cottages. Willow trees cover the eaves, and peach trees cover Li Lieman in front of the hospital.
The neighboring village of the neighboring village is faintly visible, and there is smoke in the village. Several dogs barked in the alley, and the mulberry tree was barked by a rooster.
There is no dust and sundries in the yard, and the quiet room is comfortable and leisurely. Trapped in a cage without freedom for a long time, I finally returned to the forest today.
translate
I have never appealed to the secular temperament since I was a child, and my personality is like Shan Ye.
Fall into a human trap, decades later.
Birds in cages are attached to the Woods where they lived, and fish in ponds miss the deep pools where they lived.
Go to southern vilen to open up wasteland, and go home to farm and go to the countryside according to your foolish idea.
There are more than ten acres of land around the house, and there are eight or nine thatched houses.
Elms and willows cover the back eaves, and peach trees and plum trees stand in front of the hall.
In the distance, the residential villages are faintly visible, and the smoke on the trees flutters gently with the wind.
Dogs bark in deep alleys, and mulberry trees crow.
There are no worldly chores in the door, and there is plenty of free time in the empty room.
Trapped in a cage for a long time, now I can finally return to nature.
Secondly,
There are few chariots and horses in the secluded places when the countryside makes friends with the secular world. Cover the door during the day, thinking about wine.
When there are many people in the market, grass grows all over it. When we meet, we don't talk about worldly affairs, only that the garden is long in Sang Ma.
My field is growing higher and higher, and my cultivated land is expanding day by day. Often worried about sudden frost, crops wither like shrubs.
third
I planted beans at the foot of Nanshan, and the weeds in the field were covered with peas. Get up early in the morning to get rid of weeds, and come back with hoes in the moonlight at night.
The narrow path covered with vegetation, the night dew wet my clothes. It's not a pity to get wet, but I hope it won't be against my will.
To annotate ...
1 hoe: carry a hoe. Oh, take it.
2 long vegetation: overgrown with vegetation.
Nanshan: Lushan Mountain in Jiangxi Province.
4 morning edge: get up in the morning.
5 wet: wet.
translate
At the foot of the southern hillside, there is my bean field, which is overgrown with weeds and the bean seedlings grow sparsely. Get up in the morning to clear the weeds in the field, and go home to rest under the stars and the moon. Vegetation covered the narrow road home, and the dew at night wet my rough coat. It's a pity that clothes are wet, as long as they don't go against your will.
I planted beans at the foot of Nanshan, and the weeds in the field were covered with peas.
These two sentences are about planting beans in Nanshan, with lush grass but sparse bean seedlings. The first sentence is very plain, just like an old farmer standing there talking, which makes people feel very cordial.
Get up early in the morning to get rid of weeds, and come back with hoes in the moonlight at night.
In order not to make the bean field barren, the poet went to the fields early in the morning and came back in the moonlight at night. Although it was hard, he didn't complain, which can be seen from the beautiful scenery of "the moon and the lotus returning home".
The narrow path covered with vegetation, the night dew wet my clothes.
It's not a pity to get wet, but I hope it won't be against my will.
The road is narrow and the grass is long, but the clothes are wet. What's the pity? This sentence seems dull, but this kind of dullness just reflects the ending sentence "but I don't want to violate it", which makes "I don't want to violate it" fully emphasized. The "wish" here contains the meaning of not losing yourself in the dirty real world.
The language of this poem is very plain and natural. "Planting beans in Shannan" and "Dew on my clothes" are all random, without any modification. This natural and simple poem is integrated into the artistic conception of the whole poem, which turns spoken language into poetry, harmoniously unifies simple spoken language and poetic mellow beauty, and forms the artistic characteristics of Shi Tao's simple and mellow beauty.
Tao poetry is plain and interesting. The interest of Tao poetry comes from freehand brushwork. "Go home with the moon hoe", the poet who returned from work is alone, but accompanied by the bright moon. The poet under the moon walked through waist-deep grass with a hoe on his shoulder. Returning to the countryside on a moonlit night, what a beautiful picture! It is full of the poet's happy mood and seclusion pride. The plain language of "planting beans in Nanshan" and the beautiful sentence of "bringing lotus home in the moon"; The first sentence is real, and the last sentence is empty. The whole poem is soft and perfect with the mutual complement of simplicity and reality.
Fourth.
Long-term tourism mountain ze, wild forest entertainment. Try to take your son and nephew and put them in the wild market.
Wandering among the mountains, unwilling to live in the past. There are remnants in the well, and the mulberry and bamboo rot.
Ask people who get paid, this person is different. The wage earners told me that there was no death.
Abandon the city for a lifetime, really. Life seems illusory, and eventually it will be empty.
Fifth.
Alone in a sense of loss, I returned to my hometown with a staff member. The road was bumpy and in shock. The mountain stream is shallow and meets my feet.
I'm drinking my newly cooked wine, and two chickens attract the latest game. When the sun sets, the candle is lit instead.
The height is high and the height is short, and the east is getting white.
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Brief introduction of poet
Tao Yuanming (366-427), a cheerful personality, was renamed Mr. Wu Liu in his later years. After his death, his relatives and friends celebrated and respected him privately. Chaisang people in Xunyang (now Jiujiang City) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Tao Yuanming was born in a ruined official family. Great-grandfather Tao Kan, the founding father of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, made outstanding military achievements. He was an official of Fu, the commander-in-chief of the military affairs of the eight countries, and Jing and Jiang were the secretariat of Changsha. Grandfather Tao Mao and father Tao Yi are both governors. When they were young, their families declined. When they were eight, they lost their father. At the age of twelve, their mother died of illness and lived with her mother and sister. Most orphans and widows live in their grandfather Meng Jia's house. Meng Jia is a contemporary celebrity. "If you don't share the same sky, you won't brag for many years and you will never be happy." . Good wine, more without chaos; As for forgetting pride, no one. "("Biography of Meng Fujun, General of the Western Expedition in the Jin Dynasty ") In the late Yuan and Ming Dynasties," deliberately lived in the world, and many people imitated their ancestors. "In the future, his personality and accomplishment are largely the legacy of his grandfather. Grandfather's family has a lot of books, which provides him with the conditions to read ancient books and understand history. In the Jin Dynasty, the literati took Zhuang and Lao as their ancestors and copied the Six Classics. He not only studied Lao Zi and Zhuangzi like ordinary literati, but also studied the Six Classics of Confucianism and "different books" such as literature, history and mythology. Influenced by the ideological trend of the times and the family environment, he accepted two different thoughts of Confucianism and Taoism, and cultivated two different interests: "aiming high" and "loving the mountains". Tao Yuanming rarely has the ambition to "escape from the four seas" ("Miscellaneous Poems"). He was filial to Taiyuan for eighteen years (393). With the desire of "great help for life", he served as a wine sacrifice in Jiangzhou. At that time, the gate valve system was strict. He came from a civilian family and was looked down upon. He felt that he couldn't stand being an official and turned himself in in a few days. (Biography of Tao Qian in the Book of Jin) After he resigned from his post and went home, the country called him the main book again, and he also declined politely. In the fourth year of Long 'an (400 years), Andi went to Jingzhou and joined Huan Xuan as a vassal. At this time, Huan Xuan was controlling the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, eyeing the opportunity to usurp the Eastern Jin regime. Of course, he refused to go with Huan Xuan and be the confidant of the careerist. He wrote in his poem: "How to get away from this and go as far as Xijing. "("Xin Chou left for a night outing in July and returned to Jiangling ") has remorse for Huan Xuan. "How can you drown in long-term love? "("Two Poems by Gengzi in Mid-May, From Jingshi to Zhilin ") gave a deep sigh for the official life of people. In the winter of five years in Longan, because his mother died, he resigned and went home. In the first month of the first year of Yuanxing (402), Huan Xuan sent troops against the imperial court, invaded Jiankang and seized the military and political power in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the second year of Yuanxing, Huan Xuan overtly usurped the throne in Jiankang, changed his name to Chu, and imprisoned Andi in Xunyang. In his hometown, he devoted himself to self-financing and sang behind closed doors: "Under the tomb door, you are isolated from the world. "Look around, who knows, Fei Jing is usually closed during the day." He disdained Huan Xuan as the emperor. In the third year of Yuanxing, the general, Xiapi Wudi and He Wuji set out from Jingkou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province) to crusade against Huan. Huan Xuan defeated the West and brought Andy, who was imprisoned in Xunyang, to Jiangling. He left home to join the army under the protection of Emperor Wu of Song. Tao Yuanming was put into the shogunate after Emperor Wu of Song captured Jiankang. When Emperor Wu of Song crusaded against Huan Xuan, he followed the story of Tian Chou's loyalty to the Eastern Han Dynasty, disguised himself as a private traveler, ventured to Jiankang, and took Huan Xuan hostage to Andi to Jiangling, and returned to Emperor Wu of Song, realizing his desire to fight for the usurper. He happily wrote a poem: "I am not afraid of being ignorant at forty." My car is famous, and I want to be famous. " Although thousands of miles away, how dare you! "("Mr. Murong "in the fourth chapter) after emperor wu of song in health, style is quite extraordinary. The politics of the Eastern Jin Dynasty has long been corrupted by the "abolition of all schools". After Emperor Wu of Song "set an example" (set an example), he first banned it by force (implemented the ban in advance). "Both inside and outside the official fear, change customs. "His personality, talent and achievements are quite similar to those of Tao Kan, and he once had a good impression on him. But soon after the curtain rises, Emperor Wu of Song killed Diao Kui and the innocent Wang Yu and his son in order to cut off the dissidents. And with an affair, Wang Shu, a confidant of Huan Xuan who everyone thought should be killed, was appointed as an important official such as Shangshulu and Yangzhou Secretariat. These dark phenomena disappointed him. In the poem "A Qubo, the Song of the First Town Army Joining the Army", I wrote: "My eyes are tired of mountains and rivers, and my heart is full of mountains and rivers." "Words and deeds, after all, class, live in Shandong." Then he resigned and lived in seclusion. In the first year of Yixi (405), he was transferred to General Jianwei and Jiangzhou secretariat Liu Shenjun. In March, he was ordered to go to Jiankang to resign for Liu. After Liu left his post, he also left. In the autumn of the same year, his uncle Tao Kui introduced him as Pengze County Magistrate. After taking office for 8 1 day, I met a post sent by Xunyang County, and the official said, "Welcome him as a leash." He sighed: "I can't walk fifty dou meters with my back to the village." "He was awarded the seal of leaving his post. Tao Yuanming's thirteen-year official career ended with his resignation from pengze county. These thirteen years are the thirteen years in which he worked hard, disappointed and finally despaired in order to realize his ideal and ambition of "helping the poor". Finally, the poem "Return to Xi Ci" shows the determination to break with the upper ruling class and not do as the Romans do. Tao Yuanming resigned and returned to his hometown, living a life of "land to the tiller, self-financing". His wife, Zhai, shares his interests. She is happy and humble. " The husband plows in front and the wife hoes in the back. "* * * to maintain life together with the working people is closely related to the working people. At the beginning of returning to the field, life was ok. " There are more than ten acres of square houses and eight or nine straw houses, with the eaves behind Liu Yin and the front of peaches and plums. "Yuan Ming loves chrysanthemums, and chrysanthemums are planted everywhere in the house." Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely (From Miscellaneous Poems) has been well-known so far. He is a heavy drinker and will get drunk when he drinks it. When friends visit, no matter how high or low, as long as there is wine at home, they will drink together. He got drunk first. He said to the guest, "I'm drunk and can go." "Yixi for four years, living in underground Beijing (now at the foot of Xiyujing Mountain in Xing Zi County), moved to Lili (now Tao Lili Village in Xing Zi Hot Springs), and life was even more difficult. If there is a bumper harvest, you can also "enjoy drinking spring wine and picking vegetables from our garden" to prevent "hunger in summer and sleeping at night" in disaster years. As we approached Yixi, an old farmer knocked at the door early in the morning, brought wine to drink with him, and advised him to be an official: "It is not enough to live high under a broken roof. I've been a Shang Tong all my life, and I hope you're a fool. "He replied," I was deeply impressed by my father's words and I was very angry. "fiber (enter) can be learned honestly, but it is not a mystery? And * * * enjoy this cup, I can't drive back. " (Drinking) declined the old farmer's advice in a tone of "harmony but difference". In his later years, his life became poorer and poorer, and some friends offered to give him money to help him. Sometimes, he can't help asking for a loan. His old friend was appointed as the magistrate of Shi 'an County in the first year of Jingping (423). After Xunyang, I went to his house to drink every day. When I left, I left 20 thousand yuan, sent them to the hotel and drank them one by one. However, he asked for a loan or accepted charity in principle. In the first year of Yuanjia, Song Wendi (424), Tandaoji, the secretariat of Jiangzhou, paid a personal visit. At this point, he was sick and hungry for several days, and he couldn't get out of bed. Tan Daoji advised him: "Sages are alive, but if there is no way in the world, they will be hidden. Where there is a road, there is a road. This child (you) was born in the civilized world, why should he suffer? " He said: "I dare not look at sages, but I don't have that big ambition." Tan Daoji gave the meat to Liang, but he waved away. He resigned from his post and returned to his hometown for 22 years. He has been living a poor and rural life, but when he is old, his interest in keeping poor and honest is getting stronger and stronger. In the middle of September in the fourth year of Yuan Jia (427), when he was still conscious, he wrote three elegies for himself. In the last two sentences of the third poem, he said, "What if I die?" This shows that he views death so naturally. Tao Yuanming's works are sincere, simple and natural, sometimes revealing escapism. The thought of Lotte know life made Lao Zi and Zhuangzi known as "pastoral poets".
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Writing background
In the second year of Jin Dynasty, that is, the year after Yuan and Ming bid farewell to Peng, the poet wrote five famous "Returning to the Garden". These poems are the ode of the poet to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. The profound ideological changes and exquisite artistic skills it reflects are not only valued by scholars who have been studying Tao Yuanming, but also fascinated the vast number of ceramic poetry lovers.
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Poetry appreciation
The five poems of Returning to the Garden are an inseparable organic whole. This is not only because these five poems describe the poet's rich and fulfilling seclusion life from the aspects of resignation, gathering with relatives and friends, enjoying farming, visiting friends and drinking at night, but more importantly, as far as the feelings expressed are concerned, they run through this group of poems with nature and interest. Although there is emotional turmoil in the poem,
Some commentators are happy to praise the "non-adhesion" in Yuan Ming's chest. In fact, "adhesion" still exists. That is to say, in Gui Ci written by Yuan Ming when he resigned, there is also a sentence of "Xi is alone and melancholy". In other words, he always has a melancholy feeling in his heart. A truly pure soul will never be born.
Just as a person doesn't want to touch the hidden pain in his heart, the poet doesn't want to mention the filthy officialdom that he has just pulled out of in Return to the Garden House. It's a pity to fall into the dust net by mistake. And "going for 30 years" means that he went to Lei to study and be an official at the age of 29, and at the age of 465,438+0, he "how to go to the village for fifty dou meters".
"There are more than ten acres of square houses and eight or nine huts." Among them, there is a deep feeling in my hometown, "I love my family". "Under the shady eaves, in Luo tang qian." Under the eaves, the willow trees are swaying and the breeze is blowing everywhere, which calms the poet's anxiety. In front of me, there are countless peaches and plums, which arouse the poet's inner joy. Vaguely heard dogs barking and chickens crowing. In front of me, a lot of case files disappeared, replaced by beloved "Qing Qin" and "different books". Ji Kang said, "There are many things in the world, and there are a lot of accumulated cases." "The guests are full, the ears are ringing, and the dust stinks." (Breaking up with Shan Juyuan) But it makes sense. He has started a life completely arranged and dominated by himself.
After staying in a cage for a long time, I returned to nature. "Long" and "Thirty Years" set each other off, "Fan Cage" and "Dust Net" set each other off, and "Sex" set each other off, and the word "return" points out the pleasure of "returning to the soul". Yes, officialdom has eroded my half life and defiled my own half life. This sentence is the crowning touch, echoing the beginning, which shows the poet's noble ambition and dissatisfaction with the dark reality.
The whole poem (1) is mainly lyrical, with descriptions of rural scenery and metaphors of "catching birds" and "pond fish", which fully shows the poet's feelings of loving free and simple rural life and despising ugly official life. Scenes blend, language is unpretentious, and confrontation is very natural. Readers can not only see the countryside, houses, elms, peaches and plums, but also smell the barking of dogs and chickens. In this quiet pastoral scenery, they can also see a free and easy poet singing the voice of "returning to nature after a long time in a cage".
"There are few people in the wild and few wheels in the poor lanes." I think these two sentences should be interpreted in reverse: "I came to the wild for rare people, and I lived in a remote alley to avoid social intercourse." It should be noted that this is not an objective narrative, but a subjective choice. The poet retired from officialdom to "wild" and from "wild" to "poor alley". I'm afraid to break up with my friends, and I'm afraid to abandon my common concerns. Is the poet too lonely, even a little unreasonable? No, it seems that the poet is deliberately trying to eliminate people's illusions and open his own life and spiritual world for us:
"When I was in the market, I was busy dealing with people." Although he has no "three roads", he has frequent contact with people in his peers. "When I met him, I knew Summer." They have a favorite topic.
Life in the countryside is simple and even poor, quiet and even lonely. However, it is this environment that enables people to acquire the same language and cultivate a simple and sincere feeling. "Simple-minded people are happy in the morning and evening." ("Migration") The poet does not hesitate to live in poverty, and his children are "young and hungry" ("Yan Zi et al.").
A new life begins with the shame of being trapped in an official position. Perhaps it is because of the bondage of official positions and the decline of physical fitness. Perhaps because of the long-term separation from the countryside, agronomy is a bit sparse. "More grass and less beans" and poor planting. What is revealed here is a sense of shame and self-encouragement. "The morning light is bright, and the moon goes home." Only from the time, we can see the great determination of the poet. My mind has been freed. I can see that I am still the person who "naturally loves autumn mountains" or the person who is willing to work for agriculture and has the ability to work for agriculture. He came home at night, proud, and looked up. The bright moon was hanging in the sky, and the poet looked like a victorious soldier. There is some hard work, but it is this hard work that has greatly satisfied him. "Willing" means retiring from the countryside and not interacting with the secular. The desire to live in seclusion and work hard. Don't want to sell your soul for wealth.
The fourth poem and the fifth poem are actually two parts of a poem. The poet visited an old friend with a sense of satisfaction and even a little ostentation. His son and nephews kept pace with each other, kept laughing, found their way in hazelnuts and strode forward. He wants to recall the past with his old friends, talk to them about his worries and have a few drinks with them ... However, what he sees in front of him is a "well stove"
Therefore, the fifth poem, "I am disappointed and resentful, and I still have sons and nephews to follow, but the poet is unwilling to say more, just like a lonely goose," wandering alone "; Rugged calendar hazel song ",a shrub on the path tugged at his clothes. What does the poet "regret"? He was disappointed by the inevitable illusion of life and angry at his ignorance. If he left the officialdom early and spent more time with his old friends, it would actually delay the arrival of this tragedy to the maximum extent.
So, how did the poet get rid of this disappointment?
-"The mountain stream is shallow, and when we meet, we feel my feet."
Perhaps because of the grief of visiting relatives and friends, perhaps because of the fatigue of the journey, the poet sat down to take a nap by the stream, which was clear and unobstructed; Soaking in the water, suddenly, a cool feeling flowed all over his body, which also made him wake up from his complicated thoughts. He seems to have returned to reality from a sad dream. Did I come back or not? "If you recognize the past, you can pursue it." Life is short, but I have few precious days left. I didn't.
From the perspective of "let me drink my newly cooked wine, only one chicken will attract the nearest office", the poet has obviously erased the unpleasant cloud hanging over his heart. The word "newly boiled wine" means that there is no extra money at home, and it also points out the poet's urgent mood of "binge drinking" at the moment. This can't help but remind me of the poet's interesting answer in the article "The Biography of Meng Yi, the General of the Western Expedition in Jin Dynasty".
"Asked jun (Meng Jia),' What's good about wine? It's what you love'. Jun smiled and replied,' Gong Ming can't be interested in wine.' "
If we ask Yuan Ming "What's good about wine? You love it", he will definitely answer us "But wine is boring". Yes, this "Fun in Wine" is too rich and mysterious: it eliminates the fatigue of the poet for a day; It relieves the grief of visiting friends; It makes poets feel the real interest of life; Make the poet optimistic again and become philosophical; It also deepened the understanding and feelings of the poet's neighboring songs. At dusk, the poet lit firewood at will and learned "candlelight night outing". The atmosphere of fireworks in the room not only didn't make people feel shabby, but added a warm and cordial atmosphere. What kind of life is like worrying, what kind of old age is sighing, all of which are quietly dissolved in the understanding of the true meaning of life in an instant.
"Happiness comes with suffering, and the evening is short, and it has returned to the sky." A new day has begun, and the new life that has just begun is not as bright as the rising sun. These two sentences are the crowning touch of the whole poem, the main melody of the movement and the strongest sound of life.
Looking through five songs, the officialdom is filthy and finally compensated; Living in poverty, but having the affection of relatives and friends; Farming is hard and the mind is satisfied; Life is short, but it is a profound understanding of the true meaning of life. In this way, the poet included all the life of seclusion, no, all the fun of life, in his Wang Yang poems. This is a high generalization and a profound revelation. It is in this sense that it is completely opposite to the filthy reality that Returning to the Garden has reached a perfect and harmonious artistic conception and opened up a new field.
The poet's life is not smooth sailing, and his heart is not a quiet world where all contradictions have been eliminated. The value of the poet lies in that in the ideal pastoral world opposite to the aristocratic society, he finally found the dignity of his own personality, the affection of his friends, the interpersonal relationship without the disparity between the rich and the poor, the intrigue and the conflicting ideals of life. This is the concentrated expression of thought, and it is also the concentrated expression of thought.
What he described were ordinary scenes, such as thatched cottages, elm willows, peaches and plums, Yuan Ye in Nanshan, barking dogs and crowing chickens. These may be difficult to attract elegant literati, but the poet found the beauty of simplicity, harmony and natural interest.
He expressed his true feelings. He didn't appreciate it with the short-lived feeling of seeking difference and changing his mind, but observed and praised it with a local thought. So his feelings are persistent, vigorous, broad and focused. Everything around him is a silent partner in his life, which opens the sound of * * * in his heart.
He explained the truth. What he understands is what he put into practice. Honest and frank people are not alone. He is easy-going and unsophisticated. He never shows off and doesn't need to hide. He didn't want to be lofty when he resigned, so it was difficult to have sex. I am willing to work hard to make my heart "willing"; Avoid making friends just to abandon the "dust of dreams"; Feel sad about life, because he misses this short and full life. "Writing an article to entertain yourself shows your ambition." I wrote my heart, and that's enough.
He chose the word "Yi".
"There are more than ten acres of square houses and eight or nine thatched houses." Once boring numbers are put into poetry, they are endowed with infinite vitality. Generally speaking, counting is not the habit of villagers. In particular, it shows the relaxed mood of the poet after he resigned.
"Away from the village, there is smoke in the Yiyi market." Away from the village, the poet stood staring for a long time, but did not see his psychological closeness. The smoke curled up and the sky was boundless, which complemented the poet's spacious mood after his great liberation. Wang Wei also appreciates this artistic conception. The poem "A Message from Wangchuan Bieye" says: "The sunset lingers at the ferry, and night smoke wafts from the house." It's a pity that deliberate observation is not as good as round and unintentional feeling.
"The mountains and rivers are shallow, and you will feel enough when you meet them." Because of the scenery, the meaning of the word changes with the change of the word, which secretly conveys the subtle changes of my mood. A master carries a catty, but he doesn't see the axe marks, which is worthy of the reputation of "flowing clouds and flowing water".
"When I was drinking the newly cooked wine, a chicken approached me." What a vivid gesture! If you don't leave home, the partition will shout, but you won't be surprised to know the neighboring songs. In contrast, it is complicated to think of "prepare chicken rice for me, old friend, you entertain me on your farm" (Meng Haoran's Passing through the Old Village).
He's like:
How clever and appropriate is the metaphor of "birds love the old forest, while pond fish miss the old source".
If we say "the days in Sang Ma are long, the days in our country are wide. I am always afraid that first frost will come, just like grass "; "Nanshan foot beans, grass full of bean sprouts. It's ridiculous in the morning, and the lotus takes it home. " The sentence "Life is illusory, but in the end there is nothing" has a natural charm, just like a proverb, almost the same as spoken English.
Liu Xie's "Wen Xin Diao Long Lian Zi" said: "Since the Jin Dynasty, it is difficult for people to learn to use simple words." However, those who really practice Ziyi and reach this level are profound and clear!
Constant scenery, true feelings, wisdom and easy words are Yuan Ming's artistic interests, which is an artistic portrayal of Yuan Ming's life.
Another: (1) The poem begins by saying that when I was young, I didn't adapt to the secular character, but I naturally loved natural scenery. "Falling into the dust net by mistake" means a lot of regret. Comparing "dust net" with officialdom shows the poet's contempt and disgust for dirty officialdom.
"Caged birds" and "pond fish" are both animals that have lost their freedom. Tao Yuanming used his own metaphor to show that he missed the beautiful nature like a bird loves to return to the forest and a fish misses his hometown. Returning to nature means regaining his freedom. So how do you make a living? "Southern Land Reclamation" can make up for the previous mistakes and can "return to the garden".
Next, it describes the quiet and natural pastoral scenery. Although Tao Yuanming lived at the foot of Lushan Mountain since childhood and was very familiar with the mountains and rivers here, this time he broke free from the shackles of officialdom and returned to the free world forever from the cage dust net, so he had a special joy and freshness. Looking back and looking forward, he looked at the square houses, grass houses, elm willows, peaches and plums, villages, kitchen smoke, and even the barking of dogs and the crowing of chickens in deep alleys, all of which constituted the true interest in the poet's chest.
"Warm", vague vision; "yiyi", light smoke curled up. In this diluted silence, coupled with a few crows, more and more shows the tranquility and leisure of rural life.
At the end of the four sentences, the mind is written by the scenery, and "virtual room" corresponds to "home", which refers to both the leisurely and quiet room and the poet's carefree state of mind. At the end of the poem, the two sentences "I have been locked in a cage for a long time, but I have returned to nature" echo the beginning of the poem. The personality shown here is neither a villa hermit nor a field farmer. The retired scholar-officials have a superior material life, while the farmers in weeding fields lack the spiritual life of Tao Yuanming, so Tao Yuanming is a poet and philosopher who can really appreciate the interest of nature and gain peace of mind from hard work.
"Returning to nature" is the central theme of this poem. It is the poet's life ideal and the main theme of this group of pastoral poems.
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Main idea
This poem vividly describes the poet's life and feelings after retirement, and expresses the author's happy mood and joy in the countryside after his resignation, thus showing his love for rural life and the joy of workers. At the same time, it implies a sense of disgust at the dark and corrupt life of officialdom.
It shows that the author is unwilling to go with the flow, and is willing to endure the hardships of field life in order to maintain his complete personality and noble sentiment.