Although these Confucian classics were inherited as classics in China's feudal society, they were actually different in different times. Today, we call the study of Confucian Classics Thirteen Classics, which originated in the Southern Song Dynasty, but it was divided into several periods before, and different periods had different views on the study of Confucian Classics, which should be noted.
Among them, The Book of Rites refers to the rites of the Han Dynasty, mainly focusing on the etiquette of the literati class. It was called Shi Li in the Han Dynasty and Yi Li in the Jin Dynasty, and there were two other rites, Zhou Li and the Book of Rites. By the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zheng Xuan, a scholar, had annotated these three Books of Rites, which were collectively called the Three Rites, and all of them were included in the classics after the Tang Dynasty.
In addition, we are most likely to make mistakes in the book Spring and Autumn Annals. Spring and Autumn Annals is a historical book of Lu, and we generally call its annotated books Zuo Zhuan, Yang Gongzhuan and Gu Liangzhuan. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zuo Zhuan spread most widely and had the greatest influence. Usually when we say Spring and Autumn Annals, we mean Zuo Zhuan.
Four books existed before the pre-Qin period, but there were no such books at that time. Among them, The Analects of Confucius is a record of Confucius' words and deeds compiled after his death, Mencius is a work about Monk's political thought in the old China era, and Da Xue and Zhong Yong were originally two articles in the Book of Rites, which talked about learning and cultivation. By the Southern Song Dynasty, scholar Zhu had independently commented and compared them.
In addition, I want to tell you that these four books and five classics cover a wide range, including literature, history, philosophy, politics, economy, education, ethics, morality, astronomy, geography, art and technology.
There are four original courses of Confucianism, which are compulsory courses for Confucian scholars. They are poetry, calligraphy, ceremony and music, sometimes called the Four Clubs, which are equivalent to today's literature, ancient history, politics and music classes. Later, Yihe Chunqiu was added, which was equivalent to philosophy class and modern history class at that time. This is the period of Confucius' later years, and later people called it "Six Arts", also known as Six Classics. Among them, Jing Yue was lost in the war because music was not invented in ancient times. In the Han dynasty, only the other five classics were left. When Emperor Wen of Han started to set up a doctor of Confucian classics, he completed a systematic academic institution by the time of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, and the theory of Five Classics has been passed down to this day.
The so-called Confucian "Thirteen Classics" in Chinese studies was said after the invention of the imperial examination in the Tang Dynasty. The aforementioned rites are divided into three rites, three biographies in the Spring and Autumn Period and nine classics. The First Nine Classics, as the standard classic in the Tang Dynasty, added the Classic of Filial Piety, The Analects of Confucius and Erya. Finally, in the Song Dynasty, Mencius was included in the classics, and there were thirteen kinds of * *, not later added, but thirteen kinds.
Finally, Tieerya is actually a classic dictionary compiled by Han people on the basis of exegetical data accumulated by scholars in the Warring States period. Because it is very helpful for reading ancient books (strictly speaking, China people have been reading ancient books), it is regarded as ancient books.
There was a pair in ancient times: three stars, the sun and the moon, and four poems. Among them, wind refers to the national wind, which is a kind of the Book of Songs. Elegance is the general name of elegance, and it is also a carrier in poetry and ode. This section will be discussed in the later section of couplet art.