What does the [w] after the title mean?

This kind of annotation often appears in the last references of papers and books. W: It should mean "search tool"!

There are also "papers" and some "monographs", which are identified by single letters according to GB3469-83 "Document Types and Document Carrier Codes":

M- Monographs (including works on history and chronicles in ancient books)

Essays

Newspaper articles

Journal articles

Doctoral dissertation

R- research report

S standard

patent

A—— Precipitated documents in monographs and papers.

Z—— Other unspecified literature types

Electronic document types are identified by two letters:

database

computer program

Electronic bulletin