Fuyang used to be a place ruled by a feudal clan. For thousands of years, those "noble families" have controlled the houses in downtown areas, occupied the fertile fields in the countryside and controlled the political, economic, cultural, educational and industrial and commercial power of Fuyang by virtue of feudal privileges. Many officials who came to work in Fuyang colluded with these families in order to save their honor. Up to now, Fuyang still has the saying of "eight lords".
What families do the "eight lords" in Fuyang refer to? Why can I call everyone? According to textual research, the "eight great families in Fuyang" are not only eight great families, but are described as "eight great families" by feudal society in order to show off and bluff. But in terms of power and strength, the eight surnames of Fuyang in the old society were really unusual. They are indeed "Ding's hometown of food, home of poetry, ceremony and tassel". However, there are many people with Zhang, Li, Wang and Si Liu surnames, which are called "eight Zhang, nine Li and ten Wang". Not all of them belong to everyone. Generally speaking, civilians surnamed Zhang, Wang, Li and Liu should be excluded.
Zhang's family-refers to Zhang's family, who was the minister of the Ministry of War during the apocalypse in the late Ming Dynasty. During the Apocalypse, Zhang Shen told Liaodong that Xiong delayed the military plane, fell to Liaoyang and Shenyang, and retreated into the customs. In fact, this defeat was caused by Wang Huazhen, the governor of Quang Ninh, who underestimated the enemy and did not go out. The apocalypse was fatuous, so he listened to rumors and took the bear back to Beijing to be beheaded. This was a big grievance in the late Ming Dynasty, which aroused the dissatisfaction of Xiong Tingbi's subordinate Zu Dashou. In the eighth year of Chongzhen, Zu Dashou ordered some soldiers to sneak into Fuyang from Liaodong, captured the city, killed the retired Ministry of War Shangshu Zhang and his nephew, and cut off Zhang's head for revenge. This matter is recorded in Fuyang Old Records as: "Eight years after Chongzhen, eight hooligans were trapped in the city." Later generations thought it was a peasant uprising army. Later, Emperor Chongzhen ordered Zhang to be buried with the ceremony of Shangshu. There is a legend in the society that "the golden head is buried and the five doors are out of the coffin".
The Zhang family produced some senior officials in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Such as Zhang Guangji and Zhang Heteng in Ming Dynasty and Zhang Qi in Qing Dynasty. Zhang built the Zhang ancestral hall in Zhangjia Hutong in the city. Zhang of the Eighth National Congress is called Sima Zhang.
Li family-indicate the Li family who served as the supervisor during Chenghua and the Li family who served as the minister of the household department during the apocalypse. Although Li is a senior official, his character is not very glorious. Because take refuge in Wei Zhongxian, made a fortune. After Chongzhen ascended the throne, Wei Zhongxian was defeated. Li Yin was dismissed for disobeying orders. However, he has a lot of money and he has set up many fields in the suburbs. In the Ming Dynasty, there were seven people, including Li Jianxia, Li Zhen, Li and Li, and in the Qing Dynasty, there were four people, including Li, Li, Shen Liwen and Li Zudan. Li built the Li ancestral hall in the south gate. In addition, in the more than 200 years of the Qing Dynasty, there were many scholars and juren. This Li family is the Li family among the eight big families, and is called "Du Tang Li".
The Wangs —— Wang Mo, who served as an imperial adviser in Zhejiang in the Ming Dynasty, Wang Zhiping, an envoy in Yunnan, Wang Daozeng, an official in Sichuan, Wang Gongkai, a scholar in the early Qing Dynasty, and Wang Qiyuan, a scholar in Shunzhi. In the next 200 years, there are countless Wang Jiaju people and scholars. There is also Wang, who served as a magistrate in Sichuan and Yunnan in the late Qing Dynasty and was later promoted to Daotai. After the Revolution of 1911, Beiyang Warlords served as the overseers of Fengyang Pass. 1904 is the last year since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, when another academician Wang Zhenchang came out. Before the Northern Expedition, Wang Pu, the son of the king, became the governor of Anhui and the commander of the 27th Army, and his nephew Wang Ping became a member of the Yangtze River Fleet. This Wang family was once famous for a while. This is the royal family of eight big families.
Liu Jia-descendants and clans of Liu Jiuguang in the late Ming Dynasty. Liu Jiuguang was a scholar in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, and he was an official in Guangxi. His grandson, Liu Tiren, was a scholar during the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, and the official was Yuan Wailang, the minister of punishments. After resigning from his post, he built a villa and a library in Yingzhou West Lake, with a collection of 20,000 books. Liu tiren is good at poetry. He was a famous poet in the early Qing Dynasty and wrote seven poems. This Liu family has enjoyed fame and fortune since the Qing Dynasty. There are Liu and Liu Biao who were admitted to the Jinshi during the Shunzhi period; Liu Shuyin, Liu Fan and so on. During the reign of Kangxi, it was Liu, one of the eight masters, who was called "Taiwei Liu".
Lujia-refers to the family of Lu Xianyang, who was admitted to the imperial examinations during the Apocalypse of Ming Dynasty, and Lu You, the governor of Henan Province, who was admitted to the imperial examinations during the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty. Lu You, a government official, resolutely kept Fu Jia Road when he was building the Yellow River levee into the sea. He would rather let the river flood in his Yellow River control area than let Yingzhou suffer. In this regard, the people in my hometown are full of praise. His successor, Lu Qilie, served as the magistrate of Hubei Province during the Daoguang period. In the Lushi family, there are also some juren and scholars. Lushi Ancestral Hall was built with great boldness of vision, and today there is Lushi Street. The Lushi family is the Lushi family among the eight major families.
Ning has lived in Yingzhou for 600 years. In the early Ming Dynasty, Judy, the fourth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the prince of Yan, launched the "Jing Nan Change", which took away the world of his nephew Wen Jian and named him Yongle. Ning Kuan, the ancestor of Ning family, made great contributions to following the Prince of Yan, and was named as the commander-in-chief of "hereditary replacement, sharing interest with the country", Yongzheng Yingzhou. "Hereditary replacement" means that children and grandchildren will take over, and the level will not drop; "Sharing interest with the country" means sharing with the Ming Dynasty. This command post has been handed down from generation to generation in Nagato. Among his descendants, during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, A Ning was born as a scholar, and the official residence was Shang Baocheng. His son Ning Yuqing, official residence of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Its Sun Ning patent, Qing Shunzhi is already a scholar; He was a native of Sun Ning, an academician during the reign of Emperor Kangxi, edited by imperial academy, and was appointed as an imperial envoy at the order of Emperor Kangxi, and awarded the title of King of Ryukyu. Ning Shizao, a scholar during the reign of Kangxi, was a professor at Taiping Prefecture and was a senior official for five generations in a row. Ningshi Ancestral Hall is located in Dagu East. There are many surnames of Ning, formerly known as "Ning Half City". Literati, scholars and county officials in Ming and Qing Dynasties can't be replaced by ordinary people. Ning's door couplet: "The surname is Gao Beidou, and the family background is Xiqing", which is the flaunt of Ning's feudal family. This is the Ning family among eight people.
Jia Lian's surname has been in Yingzhou for more than 300 years. His fame and ranking are not as prominent as the top six surnames. During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, there was a martial arts movement. During the Qianlong period, there was a great scholar who made great academic achievements. He used to be a tutor of Fu Xue in Jiangning, and wrote 40 volumes of Zhouyi Painting Theory. Lian is a family of Fuyang poetry, calligraphy and painting, and Tian Lian is a big family. Lian's ancestral hall is located in Hutong, Guo family, with 40 hectares of land, which is the righteous field for helping the poor Lian's family. This is Ba's family at home.
Chu family Chu family is one of the oldest families in Fuyang. During the Hongzhi period of the Ming Dynasty, there was a scholar who lived in Chushan and was overseen by Henan Province. Chu people mainly live in Shilijing in the east of the city and Ji Cheng in the west of the West Lake. There are not many Chu surnames with fame and rank. It's just that there was a juren Chu Dianqing during the Daoguang period, so his political status was slightly lower. Chugong Temple is at the northern end of Wende Street. Many people ignore Chu's surname when calculating the eight great masters in Fuyang. In fact, the Chu surname lived in Yingzhou for 700 years, and the word school has not been chaotic so far, and it still retains the legacy of all ethnic groups.
With the passage of time, there are many controversies about the opinions of the eight great masters in Fuyang. Some described the Yangtze River Navy in the late Qing Dynasty as the prefect of Cheng Wenbing's family. During the scuffle between the northern warlords, the Ni family of Ni Sichong, an Anhui warlord, the Deng family of Deng Ruzhuo, a Jiangxi warlord, and Pan Shi, Xing family, Zhou family, Lu family and Zhao family, which are larger in the city and suburbs, were all listed among the eight famous people.
No matter whether there are eight or ten people in Fuyang, they are only symbols of the privileged class in feudal society. With the development of society, it has been buried in the ancient memory, and the theory of the eight great masters has become a historical relic.