The first monarch of Xiguo was the second son of Wang Ji and his half-brother. With his mother's brother Guo Shu as a celebrity, he assisted Wen and made great achievements. When Zhou Wenwang came to power, he was close to these two men, so he asked them for advice. After King Wu Yin Ke, the prince with the same surname was enfeoffed on a large scale. In order to appease the governors of the four directions, safeguard the security of the territory of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and facilitate the expansion of the territory of the Zhou royal family eastward, Guo Shu was sealed in the system (now Sishui Town, Xingyang City, Henan Province) and Zhong Zhong was sealed in Yong, and the two men respectively guarded the East-West Barrier of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Hulao Pass and the Big Three Pass. As a teacher of Harmony, Bi Shu was paid more attention by the Zhou royal family than Zhong You, but because of his early death, many descendants were knighted.
Due to the lack of records about East and West countries in pre-Qin documents and archaeological materials, as well as contradictions in the annotations of historical materials, the first names of East and West countries are disputed by later scholars. But now it is basically recognized as the national seal of Xiguo, and Uncle Guo is the national seal of Dongguo. Guo Zhong's descendants moved eastward to the southern part of Sanmenxia, and Guo Shu's descendants re-sealed xia yang, calling it Northland.
Although Uncle Guo died young, his descendants all held important positions in the period. "Wang Yizhou Huiji Book" records that when it was allied with Fang Huimeng, the credentials were located on the east side of the main hall to register gifts for the emperor. There are no beads on the crown he wears.
Guo family
Since Zhou Chengwang, there are few records about the deeds and characters of Xiguo, but inscriptions on bronze provide information about Xiguo's characters. The inscription of Panchen Lama records that Zhou Tianzi ordered Mao Bo to replace Guo Chenggong. According to Liang's book "Ancient Mirrors of Xiqing", Guo Moruo believed that Guo Chenggong was the founding monarch of the West State and was appointed as a teacher in his time. Liu Xinyuan, Yu and other scholars believe that the master of class rules is Mao Ban, an important official in Mu Zhuan, and Guo Cheng Gong should come from the period of King Zhao of Zhou and King Mu.
The family names of Guo recorded in inscriptions on bronze are (Bai),, Guo Shu and four families. Zhu believes that Guo Jishi came from Xiguo, and Guo Jishi's bronzes were unearthed in the Guo cemetery in Sanmenxia, which can prove that Guo Jishi belongs to the same clan. Ren Wei's view is wrong. Li Xueqin believes that the monarch of the State of Guo served in the Western Zhou Dynasty, while Dongguo was a small country of viscount or baron (actually it should be a duke country, but its land area is equivalent to that of the country of Zi Man), so all the vassal countries that served in it should belong to Xiguo.
Guo Bai and Guo Wengong of Guo Jishi's family are controversial as their fathers, teachers, teachers' hopes and uncles of Guo Jishi's family. Most of them were in the royal family of the Western Zhou Dynasty, such as the Qing Dynasty and the Shi Dynasty. However, due to the lack of documentary records and the controversy over the textual research of inscriptions on bronze inscriptions, it is impossible to accurately determine its lineage.
In addition, it is recorded in the chronicle of this bamboo book that in the 21st year of Zhou Yiwang, Guo Gong led his troops to attack the dog army and lost. In the seventh year of Zhou Yiwang, Guo Gong led an army to crusade against Taiyuan (now near Pingliang City, Gansu Province) and was honored to Yuquan, winning 1,000 horses. Cai thinks that these two Guo Gong are direct teachers and apprentices, and Guo Moruo thinks that the Guo Gong who conquered Taiyuan in the period was Guo Bai, but both views need to be verified.
Guo Gong's Paternal Period
Main events: Guo, his father, fought against him.
Guo Gong's eldest father, also called Guo, was mainly active in the period and served as a scholar. During the period of Hubei monarch, Hou Lian and Dong Yi, as the southern barriers of the Western Zhou Dynasty, launched a large-scale rebellion, and the rebels went deep into the hinterland of the Western Zhou Dynasty in Yishui and Luoshui basins. He mobilized the Sixth Division of the West and the Eighth Division of Yin, sent Guo's father to conquer, and even issued the order that "no children should be left behind", but failed to win. Thanks to the minister's martial arts faction, there were 200 soldiers and 0/000 disciples belonging to the mobilization chariot/kloc-0, and finally defeated the allied forces, captured Hubei and destroyed the country. And Guo's father then led his own army to conquer Huaiyi Zhijiao (now Huaiyin County, Jiangsu Province), Tianjin (now Baoying County, Jiangsu Province), Tong (now Tongcheng City, Anhui Province) and Qi (now Huoqiu County, Anhui Province), and finally put down the rebellion. The war lasted three years in Zhou Liwang and thirteen years in Zhou Liwang. The protracted war greatly consumed the manpower, material resources and financial resources of the Zhou royal family. In order to continue this war, Rong was appointed as an official, the patent policy was implemented to oppress the people of China, and finally the people of China were incited to riot. As a participant in this war and the chief culprit of the people's riots in China, Guo's father also bears the notoriety of winning the minister.
Guo Bai and Guo Wengong's Period
Main items: Guo attacked Baihe? The Battle between Gui and Guo Wengong
Guo Jibai and Guo Wengong were both active in the Zhou Xuanwang period. Guo Jizi Bai is also called Guo. In 823, Xi 'an launched a large-scale attack on the Western Zhou Dynasty. After the faction repelled Xi 'an, the faction attacked Xi 'an again in 8 16. Guo Jizi was defeated in the north bank of Luoshui, beheading 500 people and taking 50 prisoners. Guo Jizi also ordered his men to pursue the stubborn people who had retreated to Luoshui and win when he held the ceremony of offering prisoners to Bai Huichao. After the First World War, the Western Zhou Dynasty dismissed the hooligan, and Zhou Xuanwang held a grand celebration for Guo Jizi Bai in the ancestral temple, commending his achievements, giving him war horses, bows and arrows, bows and axes, and giving him the right to conquer barbarians. These deeds are recorded in Guo Jizi's inscription. Wang Guowei's textual research on the inscription on the white plate of Guo Ji Zi is consistent with Zhou Xuanwang's "the third day of the first month of the twelfth year", inferring that this plate was cast in Zhou Xuanwang period; However, Guo Moruo concluded that the white plate of Polygonum cuspidatum was cast in Zhou Yiwang period.
Guo Wengong was a scholar in Zhou Xuanwang's time. When Zhou Xuanwang was in power, a ceremony was held in a place less than 1000 mu (now south of Jiexiu, Shanxi). On one occasion, Jin Wengong advised Zhou Xuanwang, but Wang Xuan wouldn't listen. The loan ceremony was originally held by the leaders of the village community before some agricultural labor began. This kind of labor cultivated collectively owned loan fields and encouraged collective farming. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, farmland originally owned by collectives, that is, public land, became the private property of emperors, vassals and nobles, and ritual became an activity for emperors and officials to hold ceremonies to supervise and inspect Shu Ren's farming during spring ploughing, ploughing and harvesting, and to occupy the fruits of Shu Ren's labor for free. Some people think that the well-field system was severely damaged during the Zhou Xuanwang period, public land was privatized in large quantities, Zhou Xuanwang acknowledged the established fact, and the relevant borrowing ceremony was cancelled.
Once known as the white plate of Zhou Xuanwang bronzes in the Zhou Yiwang period, it is now in the National Museum of China.
A skilled father of Shiguo.
Main projects: Guo Shifu and Zhou Youwang.
Uncle Guo, also known as Guo Gonggu, the father of Guo Shuo, mainly lived in Zhou Youwang period. Shi Guo's father is good at flattery and greedy for money. Zhou Youwang regarded Shiguo's father as a noble scholar, and all China people complained. Guo Shifu also helped Zhou Youwang abandon Shen Hou and Prince Yijiu and replace his son Fu Bo with a prince, which angered his father Shen Hou. 77 1 years ago, Shen Hou, together with Quan Rong and Guo Guo, killed and perished in the Western Zhou Dynasty at the foot of Lishan Mountain. The demise of the Western Zhou Dynasty was the direct cause of Guo Shifu's improper assistant administration. However, according to the chronicle of modern bamboo books, in the first 775 years, Sanmenxia was conquered and occupied, which expanded the development space for Guo.
Guo Gonghan who supported the king.
Main projects: Guo Gonghan and Xie Wang
Guo Gonghan was the later monarch and thought he might be his son. After his death, Shen Hou, Gui Hou, and Xu Wengong made the old mortar in Shen Zhou a week, that is. Guo Gonghan, on the other hand, took his son as the emperor of Zhou, that is, he was king, forming a situation in which the two kings stood side by side. It was not until 750 years ago that Jin Wengong attacked and killed the King of Qi that the coexistence of the two kings ended. There are many contradictions and differences about the details of the king's support in historical materials. Guo Gonghan violated the patriarchal clan system and established and promoted the king at an inappropriate time, which made the internal contradictions of the Zhou Dynasty ruling group open and sharp, worsened the ruling situation of the Zhou Dynasty and accelerated the pace of moving eastward.
The west country moved eastward.
After the West Guo moved eastward, the South China and the North China were formed, spanning the banks of the Yellow River. The southern country is called Shang Yang, and the northern country is called xia yang, which is actually a country. However, due to the confusion of historical records, there are many disputes between the south and the north. Among them, Nan Guo has many viewpoints: Guo Shu, Guo and Guo moved eastward, while North Guo moved southward. North Guo also has many viewpoints, such as Guo, Dongguo Branch, Guodong Branch, Guo Cheng Branch, etc. Zhao Yiqing, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, was the first to distinguish Nanguo and Beiguo as one country. He pointed out that xia yang is not the capital of Guo, but an important city of Guo. Wang Xianqian pointed out that Shaanxi County and Dayang are across the river, so they are divided into Shangyang and Xiayang, also known as Southland and Northland. After moving eastward, Xiguo should be called Xiguo, going up and down to Yang. North and south; Shaanxi Pinglu Guo or Sanmenxia Guo.
Traditionally, the reason why the Western Kingdom moved eastward was to avoid the harassment of nomadic people such as dogs and Rong. There are three theories about the time when the West Guo moved eastward: Li, Xuan, or, and moving eastward with Ping. Li and Xuan Shi thought that the western countries moved eastward: 1. The earliest burial time of the Guo cemetery in Sanmenxia was during the Xuanyou period. The bronzes and pottery unearthed in the tomb have obvious characteristics of the late Western Zhou Dynasty, including the Ming wares cast shortly before and after the owner's death, and some bronzes even dated before. 2. Wang Guowei's textual research shows that at the time of Li and Xuan, Xian and other nomadic peoples invaded the east the most severely. 3. During the period of Li and Xuan, there were frequent droughts in Guanzhong area, the ruling center of Zhou royal family moved to Luoyi (near Wangcheng Park in Luoyang City, Henan Province), the control of governors weakened, and the political, economic, military and natural environment of Xiguo's hometown deteriorated, all of which were the reasons why Xiguo moved eastward during the period of Li and Xuan.
Scholars who believe that the eastward movement of the West Guo occurred in the period of Wang Xuan or Wang You think: 1. By studying the bronze wares in the Guo cemetery in Sanmenxia by stages, Li Feng thinks that the eastward movement of the Western Guo occurred in the reign of Wen Gong. 2. Lei Xueqi believes that the West Guo moved eastward after the Guo people were burned out in Zhou Youwang period.
Scholars who hold the theory that Xi Guo moves eastward with Ping think: 1. In Tai Ji, which is quoted from Volume 18 Wei Shui of Zhu, it is clearly recorded that the West Guo moved eastward. 2. The purpose of enfeoffment of governors in the Western Zhou Dynasty is to "protect Zhou from feudal relatives". The fief of Xiguo is an important barrier to resist the invasion of ethnic minorities in the west. Before the royal family of Zhou moved eastward, the Emperor of Zhou would not allow Xiguo to move. 3. During the period of Zhou Xuanwang, the nomadic attacks were repelled many times, which created Wang Xuan Zhongxing, and the Western Kingdom was not threatened to have to move eastward. 4. Yu believes that the cultural relics unearthed from the Guo cemetery in Sanmenxia "have little change in shape, indicating that the age is very close", and the cultural layer of the site in the south of the cemetery is not thick, indicating that the duration is not long. The artifacts and pottery pieces unearthed from cemeteries and sites "belong to the general speculation of two weeks ago", which is consistent with the historical fact that Guo Sui moved eastward recorded in ancient books. 5. Li Xueqin believes that "if the tombs belonging to the Western Zhou Dynasty cannot be found in the Guo cemetery in Sanmenxia, it is still necessary to admit the record that Guo moved eastward with Pingdong".
After the West Guo moved eastward, there was a small Guo whose hometown had a branch of Shu, which was destroyed by Qin Wugong in 687.
Ding Bai, son of Guo Xuan, inscribed rubbings. Ding Bai, son of Guo Xuan, is a bronze ware of Zhou Xuanwang period, said to be Zhou Yiwang period, and is now in the management office of the Summer Palace.
The Lord of ZTE is jealous of his father.
Main item: jealous of father.
After Ping moved the capital, he lost his trust in the monarch because of his actions with Guo Gonghan, and was replaced by Zheng to help Ping move the capital. Two generations of monarchs, Zheng Wugong and Zheng Zhuanggong, both held ministerial positions during the period of Zhou Pingwang. 767 years ago, Zheng Wugong conquered Dongguo, located in Xingyang City, Henan Province. During Zheng Zhuanggong's time, his excessive autocracy aroused Zhou Pingwang's dissatisfaction. 722 years ago, Duan Shu rebelled in Zheng State. After Duan Shu's defeat, his son Gong Sunliu fled to Weiguo. Wei led an army to attack the State of Zheng and occupied (now north of Yanjin County, Henan Province). In fact, Zhou's troops and Guo attacked the southern border. During Zheng's civil strife, Guo Gong, the then monarch, actively participated in the affairs and gained new trust. 720 years ago, in order to limit Zheng Zhuanggong's power, Zhou Pingwang tried to carve up Zheng Zhuanggong's power with Guo Gong and avoid his father, but it was strongly resisted by Zheng Zhuanggong, which led to the Zhou Zheng hostage incident. After Zhou Pingwang's death, King Huan of Zhou, who was at odds with Zheng Zhuanggong, prepared to hand over state affairs to Guo Gong's jealous father, which angered Zheng Zhuanggong. Sacrificing his own life, he led the army to harvest wheat in Wendi (now wen county, Henan) and grain in Zhou, so Zhou and Zheng became enemies. After years of hard work, Guo Gong's fear of his father was finally appointed by King Huan of Zhou in 7 15.
7 18 years ago, Jin Ehou died, and Quwo Zhuangbo took the opportunity to send troops to attack the capital wing of Jin State (now the west of Yicheng County, Shanxi Province). King Huan of Zhou ordered Duke Guo to attack Quwo Zhuangbo from his father, and Quwo Zhuangbo fled back to Quwo after being defeated. The people of the state of Jin established the son of the marquis of Jin, the son of Hubei, to inherit the throne and mourn the marquis of Jin. This is the first time that the monarch of the State of Guo has been instructed by the Emperor of Zhou to interfere in the internal affairs of the State of Jin.
When Guo became a father, his national strength declined again.
Main projects: Guo He, his father? Gezhi station
After Guo Gong's jealous father died, Guo's father succeeded to the throne. Before 707 AD, King Huan of Zhou completely deprived Zheng Zhuanggong of the right to be in charge of state affairs, so Zheng Zhuanggong stopped appearing before the Emperor of Zhou. King Huan of Zhou was very angry at his rudeness. In the autumn of the same year, he joined forces with governors to crusade against Zheng. King Huan of Zhou personally commanded, Guo's father commanded the right army and Cai and Wei's army, and Black Shoulder commanded Chen's army. On the other hand, Zheng Zhuanggong adopted Ziyuan's suggestion and used the fish flower array. Mambo commanded the right phalanx and the sacrificial foot commanded the left phalanx. Fan Yuan and Gao Qumi led the China army to guard Zheng Zhuanggong. What are the two sides doing? Ge (now northeast changge city). Zheng army stormed the flank of Chen, Cai and Wei Jun, and the allied governors fled in rout, which led to the chaos of Zhou army. Zheng Zhuanggong ordered the two-wing troops to attack Zhou Jun, who was defeated. King Huan of Zhou was also shot in the shoulder by Zheng with an arrow. ? The defeat of the Battle of Gezhi marked the loss of the dominant position of the Zhou Emperor in the world, and King Huan of Zhou had to use the power of the State of Guo to exercise his imperial power and interfere in the internal affairs of other vassal States.
In the winter of 705, there was another civil strife in the state of Jin, and Duke Qu Wowu lured and killed the young Hou of the state of Jin. The following winter, King Huan of Zhou sent Guo's father to crusade against Quwo martial arts, and Quwo martial arts retreated to Quwo. Zhou Huan Wang Lijin's brother mourned for Jin Hou. In 703 AD, Guo Fu joined forces with Rui, Liang, Xun and Jia to crusade against Quwo's martial arts.
Guo's father once spoke ill of Dr. Zhan's father in front of King Huan of Zhou, but King Huan of Zhou didn't believe him. In 702 BC, Zhan Fu led a crusade against Guo Fu. In the summer of the same year, his father Guo was forced to go abroad, and his deeds were unknown from then on.
The king of national subjugation is ugly.
Subject: Guo Gongchou
After Guo's father, Guo's last monarch was Guo Gongchou. Guo Gong's ugliness is politically cruel and fatuous. Worshiping Dani's gods and inviting soil and dreaming of Ru Shou at night are two typical examples. Militarily, he mobilized the masses and abused force, and launched several foreign wars during his reign. In 673, Zheng Ligong and Guo Gongchou joined hands to help King Hui of Zhou pacify the downfall of the Prince. In 664 BC, Guo Gongchou was ordered by King Hui of Zhou to crusade against Frant Gwo and escorted Fan Zhongyan, who betrayed King Hui of Zhou the previous year, to Beijing. In 660 years ago, Guo Gongchou defeated Quan Rong in Wei (now Weihe River in hua county, Shaanxi). In 658, Guo Gongchou defeated the Rong nationality in Sangtian (now lingbao city). The long-term discord between Guo and neighboring Jin is the most important reason for Guo's demise.
In 679 BC, Duke Wu of Quwo conquered the Duke of Jin and bribed the king with jewels. King Xi of Zhou Dynasty then admitted that Emperor Wu of Quwo replaced the monarch of the State of Jin as a vassal, and Emperor Wu of Quwo was officially renamed Emperor Wu of Jin. However, the monarch who attacked Emperor Wu of Jin many times turned to support him. After Jin Xiangong ascended the throne, in order to completely solve the hidden dangers of the domestic throne, he adopted Shi Kun's suggestion, instigated his sons to destroy You's family, then concentrated on building cities to live in, and finally sent troops to kill them all. Fortunately, my son fled to Guo. Encouraged by them, in the first 668 years, Guo Si sent troops to attack the State of Jin twice, but failed to win. After thoroughly eliminating the hidden dangers at home, we decided to destroy the country. In the first 658 years, the doctor Xun was sent to bribe the monarch of the State of Yu with horses and jade produced by hanging spines, and attacked the State of Guo with the help of the State of Yu. Qi Huangong was very greedy for the treasures of the State of Jin. Ignoring the advice of the palace, he led Rick and Xun's army to the State of Jin, occupied xia yang, the important town of the State of Guo, and then ordered his father and nephew to be stationed here. However, Guo Gongchou ignored the threat of national subjugation, and instead attacked the Rong family in Sangtian. 655 years ago, once again, the land of the enemy country was cut by a false road, and it was borrowed from China. Gong Qizhi persuaded him with the truth that his lips were dead and his teeth were cold, but he didn't listen. In the winter of the same year, the Jin army seized and attacked the country, and Guo Gongchou started his career in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. After more than 400 years, Guo completely withdrew from the historical stage. In the name of the garrison, the state of Jin took the opportunity to attack and destroy the state of Yu. Liang Yu Suo believes that after Jin Xiangong conquered Guo, he gave the land to Jin's uncle Guo She as a food city. Guo she was originally a Yun family, and later took Guo as her family because the food city belonged to Guo.