Ji Xianlin information

Ji Xianlin (19 1 1.8.6-) is a native of Qingping, Shandong. 1930 was admitted to the department of western literature in Tsinghua University and graduated from 1934. He works as a Chinese teacher in Jinan High School in Shandong Province. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/935, he entered the University of G? ttingen in Germany to study ancient Indian languages such as Zan, Pali and Tuholo. 194 1 obtained a doctorate in philosophy and applied to stay in school to teach. 1946 returned to China as Professor Peking University (up to now) and Head of the Department of Oriental Languages (up to1983); From 1978 as vice president of Peking University to 1984. /kloc-0 joined the China * * * production party in April, 956. 1983 was elected as a deputy to the Sixth National People's Congress and a member of the Standing Committee. He is currently the vice president of China Foreign Literature Research Association and honorary president of China Comparative Literature Research Association. He devoted himself to the research and translation of Sanskrit literature for a long time, and translated the famous Indian epic Ramayana. In addition, he also created many prose works, including Heart Shadow of Tianzhu, Langrun Collection and Ji Xianlin Prose Collection. Ji Xianlin, 19 1 1 (now merged into Linqing city) was born in Qingping, Shandong Province. Grandfather Ji Laotai, father Ji Silian, mother Zhao, farmer. Uncle Ji Sicheng. When I was young, I studied reading with Ma Gong Jing. I went to Jinan at the age of 6 and went to my uncle Ji Sicheng. Go to a private school. After 7 years old, he studied at Xinyu Primary School affiliated to Shandong First Normal University. 10 years old, began to learn English. 12 years old, admitted to Zhengyi Middle School, and transferred to the high school affiliated to Shandong University after half a year. High school began to learn German and became interested in foreign literature. /kloc-at the age of 0/8, he transferred to the provincial Jinan senior high school. The Chinese teacher is Dong, who is also a translator. "The reason why I have been dancing and writing for 50 or 60 years, and I still can't put it down until now, is thanks to Teacher Dong, which I will never forget." 65438-0930 was admitted to the Department of Western Literature in Tsinghua University, majoring in German. I studied the comparison of eastern and western poetry, English and Sanskrit under Wu Mi and Ye Gongchao, and took elective courses such as Professor Chen Yinke's Buddhist scripture translation literature, Zhu Guangqian's literary psychology, Yu Pingbo's Tang and Song poems and Zhu Ziqing's Tao Yuanming's poems. Make friends with classmates Wu Zuxiang, Lin Geng and Li Changzhi. They are called "Four Musketeers". Among the students is Hu Qiaomu. I like "pure poetry", such as Villeland and Malarme. Parallel Prose of Six Dynasties in Li Yishan and Jiang Baishi. He translated the works of Dreiser and Turgenev. During my college years, I won a scholarship awarded by the government of Qingping County in my hometown with excellent results.

1935 In September, according to the postgraduate exchange agreement between Tsinghua University College of Literature and Germany, Tsinghua enrolled postgraduate students in Germany for two years. Ji Xianlin was admitted and immediately went to Germany. In Berlin, traveling with Joe. 10 In June, I went to G? ttingen to meet with Tian and others. Entering the University of G? ttingen, "I dreamed that I was in G? ttingen, ... I could read some books and some words that had been brilliant in ancient times, but this glory will never go out." "I don't know if I can catch this dream." (Ten Years in Germany)

1936 Spring, Ji Xianlin chose Sanskrit. He believes that "China culture is greatly influenced by the culture of immediacy. I want to study the cultural relations between China and India thoroughly, or I can make some inventions. " So, "I can't read Sanskrit." "I finally found the way I want to go all my life. I have walked along this road for more than half a century, and I will go on until now. " (Ten years in Germany) "Fate has strengthened my faith." Ji Xianlin majored in Indian studies and studied Sanskrit and Pali at the Sanskrit Institute of G? ttingen University. English linguistics and Slavic linguistics are selected as affiliated departments, and Yugoslav language is added. Ji Xianlin studied under Professor Waldschmitt, the host of Sanskrit lecture and a famous Sanskrit scholar, and became his only audience. I have learned all the extremely complicated Sanskrit grammar in more than 40 classes a semester. Then Ji Xianlin read some works in Sanskrit when he was young, and in the fifth semester he read the remnants of Sanskrit Buddhist scriptures unearthed in Turpan. In the sixth semester, I prepared my doctoral thesis: Changes of finite verbs in Great Events and Thirst. The Buddhist scripture Memorabilia has three thick volumes and is written in mixed Sanskrit. He raced against time to concentrate on reading and writing. Turn on the light and continue to be poor forever.

From 1940 and 65438+February to19465438+February, Ji Xianlin got four "excellent" in thesis defense and Indian studies, Slavic language and English exams, and obtained a doctorate. Because of the war, there is no way to return to China, so I have to stay at Columbia University. From June to 10, 5438, he taught at the Institute of Sinology, University of G? ttingen, and continued to study the Sanskrit of Buddhism, and published many important papers in the Journal of G? ttingen Academy of Sciences. "This is the golden age of my academic career, and I have never seen it since." The "postdoctoral" years were the eve of the collapse of fascism. Germany is short of materials, and Ji Xianlin, as a foreigner, is inevitably struggling in the "hunger hell", suffering from war disasters like the German people. As an overseas traveler, I have deep feelings for my hometown, especially the feeling that "there are plenty of fragrant grass in the end of the world, only endless lovesickness", and I miss my motherland and my family day and night. "I looked down at the gray sky with tears in my eyes, and my mother's face came to my mind."

1945, 1O month, shortly after the end of World War II, I bundled up on the road in a hurry and returned to the East via Ruitu. "It's like a dream of spring. It flew over in ten years." Thirty-five years after leaving G? ttingen, 1980, Ji Xianlin led a social science delegation from China to visit the city again, and then called on 83-year-old Waldschmitten, as if it were a lifetime ago. Later, he made a touching masterpiece "Returning to Gottingen".

1May, 946, he went to Shanghai, went to Nanjing, met again, and met the essayist Liang Shiqiu and the poet through Li's introduction. In Nanjing, he visited Tsinghua's mentor Chen Yinke. Chen recommended him to teach in Peking University, and then he visited Peking University, the acting principal in Nanjing. In autumn, he returned to Peiping and visited Tang Yongtong, dean of Peking University College of Literature. He was hired as a professor and head of the Department of Oriental Languages and Literature, and founded the department in Peking University. Colleagues include Arabic linguist Ma Jian and Indian scientist Jin Kemu. After liberation, he continued to be a professor and head of the Department of Oriental Studies in Peking University, engaged in departmental affairs, scientific research and translation. Anna Segues's collection of short stories (1955) has been published in German, Shagondaro, Galindo, India (script, 1956), five books of ancient Indian fables and stories (1959), Jia, India. Academic works include History Series of Sino-Indian Cultural Relations (1957), A Brief History of India (1957) and Indian National Uprising (1857- 1859). 1956 in February, he was appointed as a member of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of China Academy of Sciences. 1954, 1959 and 1964 were elected as members of the second, third and fourth CPPCC. As China's cultural envoy, he visited India, Myanmar, East Germany, the former Soviet Union, Iraq, Egypt, Syria and other countries. During the Cultural Revolution, he was brutally persecuted by the Gang of Four and its Beijing minions. 1978 came back, and he continued to be the head of the Department of Oriental Languages in Peking University, and was appointed as the vice president of Peking University and the director of South Asian Institute in Peking University. Elected as a member of the Fifth China People's Political Consultative Conference. 1983 was elected as a member of the 6th the NPC Standing Committee. 65438-0984 Deputy Director of the School Affairs Committee of Peking University. 1988, chairman of China Institute of Culture. He has visited Germany, Japan and Thailand as a scholar. Since the end of 1970s, he has served as vice president of China Foreign Literature Society (1978), president of China South Asia Society (1979), honorary president of China Ancient Ethnography Society (1980) and president of China Foreign Language Teaching Research Association (198 1 0). Vice President of China Dunhuang Turpan Society (1983), Executive Director of China Historical Society (1984), Vice President of China Higher Education Society (1984), Director of China Writers Society (1985), Honorary President of China Comparative Literature Society (1985). This is the best gift left by a generation of masters to future generations. Ji Xianlin's academic research, in his own words, is: "Brahma, Buddhism and Tuhuo Tam are studied at the same time, while China literature, comparative literature and literary theory are studied in Qi Fei. "

According to Professor Zhang Guanglin and Mr. Ke Ling from the Department of Oriental Studies in Peking University, Ji Xianlin's academic achievements include the following 10 aspects: (1) research on ancient Indian-doctoral thesis "The change of finite verbs in great events", "The transformation of Chinese Indian suffix -am to -o and -u" and "The use of indefinite past tense" (2) research on the history of Buddhism-he is one of the few truly usable Buddhists at home and abroad. (3) The study of Tuholo-the early masterpiece "Translation of Tuholo Scriptures by Prince Gama of Fuli" created a successful method for the semantic study of Tuholo. From 1948 to 1980, the handwriting Meeting with Maitreya collected by Xinjiang Museum was translated and interpreted, and new discoveries were made in Turpan, Xinjiang in the 1970s. (4) Research on the history of cultural exchange between China and India-articles such as When and where China's paper and papermaking methods were introduced into India, A Preliminary Study on China's Silk Introduced into India, and the statement that some components of The Journey to the West originated from India show that Chinese and Indian cultures "learn from each other, have their own innovations, communicate with each other and penetrate each other"; (5) Research on the history of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries-The Records of the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty and the Modern Translation of the Records of the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty edited in the 1980s and the 65,438+10,000-word Preface to the Records of the Western Regions are important achievements of China's research on the history of the western regions for decades, while Sugar History completed by 1996 shows ancient China, India, Persia and Arabia. (6) Translation and introduction of Indian literary works and Indian literary studies-Ramayana is one of the two great ancient epics, with more than 20,000 poems and more than 90,000 lines translated into Chinese. After 1O years of perseverance, Ji Xianlin finally completed the translation, which is an unprecedented event in the history of translation in China. (7) Comparative Literature Research-In the early 1980s, he first advocated the restoration of comparative literature research and called for the establishment of China School of Comparative Literature, which made great contributions to the revival of comparative literature in China; (8) The study of oriental culture started in the late 1980s, vigorously advocated the study of oriental culture, and edited the large-scale cultural series Integration of Oriental Culture, with more than 50O species and more than 8OO volumes, which is expected to be completed in 15 years; (9) Preserving and rescuing the ancient books and documents of the motherland-in the 1990s, he served as the editor-in-chief of two giant series, namely, The Collection of Si Ku Quan Shu and The Collection of Books Handed Down from Ancient Times; (10) Prose Creation-I started writing prose at the age of 17, and there have been more than 800,000 words for decades. When Zhong Jingwen celebrated Ji Xianlin's 88th birthday, he said, "The highest realm of literature is simplicity, and Mr. Ji's works have reached this realm. He is simply because he is sincere. " "As the old saying goes, I love my husband's good writing."

Since the late 1980s, Ji Xianlin has put forward many personal opinions and judgments on culture, China culture, East-West cultural system, East-West cultural exchange, 2 1 century human culture and other issues, which have aroused widespread concern at home and abroad.

Ji Xianlin is a famous archaeologist, historian and writer in China. He used to be a member of the Department of Philosophy and Sociology of China Academy of Sciences, Vice President Peking University, and Director of South Asia Institute of China Academy of Social Sciences.

Ji Xianlin, 9 1 1, from Qingping County (now merged into Linqing City). 1930 was admitted to the department of western literature in Tsinghua University. 1935 was admitted as a graduate student in exchange between Tsinghua University and Germany, and went to the University of G? ttingen in Germany to study Sanskrit, Pali and Tohari. 194 1 year, with a doctorate in philosophy.

1946 returned to China as Professor Peking University and Head of the Department of Oriental Language and Literature. 1956 was elected as a member of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of China Academy of Sciences. 65438-0978, Vice President of Peking University, Director of South Asia Institute jointly organized by China Academy of Social Sciences and Peking University. 1984, a separate institute was established, and he was re-appointed as the director of South Asia and Southeast Asia Institute in Peking University. He has served as president of China Foreign Literature Society, South Asia Society of China, Honorary President of China Ancient Philology Society, President of Chinese Language Society, President of China Foreign Language Teaching Research Association, Vice President of China Higher Education Society, and President of Dunhuang Turpan Society of China. His works have been compiled into Ji Xianlin's Collected Works, with a total of 24 volumes, including Indian Archaic, Sino-Indian Cultural Relations, Indian History and Culture, China Culture and Oriental Culture, Buddhism, Comparative Literature and Folk Literature, Sugar History, Ye Huotan, Prose, Preface and Postscript, Sanskrit and other languages.

Studying in Germany is a turning point in Ji Xianlin's academic career. After studying in Germany, Ji Xianlin embarked on the road of Orientalism. 1945, after the end of World War II, Ji Xianlin returned to the embrace of the motherland after a long absence of 10. In the autumn of the same year, recommended by Chen Yinque, Ji Xianlin was hired as Professor Peking University and founded the Department of Oriental Languages. After returning to China, Ji Xianlin focused on the history of Buddhism and the history of Sino-Indian cultural relations, and published a series of original academic papers.

Fauna and Buddha (1947) reveals that the word Buddha in Sanskrit was translated into "fauna" in the early Chinese translation of Buddhist scriptures, and the translation rule of "Buddha" came from Tuhuoluo, thus correcting the misunderstanding that Buddha is a transliteration abbreviation of the word Buddha in Sanskrit for a long time. Incidentally, Ji Xianlin wrote "On Pagoda and Buddha" at 1989, further demonstrating that the Chinese transliteration of "Pagoda" originated from Daxia dialect.

The transliteration of Sanskrit td (1948) reveals that the initials T and D used to translate Sanskrit in China Buddhist scriptures have gone through an L stage, and the sound change phenomenon of T > D > L is not Sanskrit, but a common saying. Therefore, according to the transliteration of Sanskrit td in China Buddhist Scriptures, China Buddhist Scriptures can be divided into three periods: Han Dynasty to Southern and Northern Dynasties, Southern and Northern Dynasties to Sui Dynasty, and after Sui Dynasty. Most of the original texts of Buddhist scriptures translated into Chinese in the early days were not Sanskrit, but common sayings or mixed Sanskrit. There are also many proverbs and miscellaneous Sanskrit in the mid-term original text, but the Sanskrit education level has improved; Later, the original text was pure Sanskrit.

Ji Xianlin's two papers are unique in the research field of Buddhist history in China. With the method of comparative language research, it is convincingly proved that the Chinese translation of Buddhist scriptures was not directly translated from Sanskrit at first, but from the ancient languages of the western regions. Accordingly, Ji Xianlin reminded domestic phonologists who used Sanskrit transliteration to study China's ancient sounds that they must pay attention to whether the original text is Sanskrit or not when comparing Chinese and Sanskrit.

In the study of the history of Sino-Indian cultural relations, most scholars at home and abroad in the past focused on the influence of Buddhism on Indian culture, and some even thought that Sino-Indian cultural relations were "one-way trade".

(One-way traffic) Ji Xianlin believes that this view is not in line with the historical reality of cultural exchange. Therefore, on the one hand, Ji Xianlin paid attention to the influence of Buddhism on China culture, on the other hand, he made great efforts to discuss the problem that China culture was introduced into India, which was neglected by predecessors. He has successively written The Time and Place of China's Paper and Papermaking Methods Introduced into India (1954), A Preliminary Study of China's Silk Introduced into India (1955) and Did China's Paper and Papermaking Methods First Spread to India by Sea? "(1957) and other papers, with detailed historical data, textual research on China's paper, papermaking methods and the process of silk being introduced into India.

At the same time, Ji Xianlin also managed Sanskrit literature, and translated and published The Fables of Ancient India, Five Books (1959), The Handwriting of Kali Dhara, Shagongdaro (1956) and You Li Po Shi (1962).

Ji Xianlin turned 70 in 1980s, but his academic life seems to have entered a golden age. Despite his administrative affairs and social activities, he still sticks to his old habits, "insisting that the castle peak will not relax", grasping all available time, concentrating on research and diligently writing.

Ji Xianlin believes that "cultural exchange is one of the main driving forces of human progress. Human beings must learn from each other and learn from each other's strengths to make up for each other's shortcomings, and the ultimate goal of human progress must be some form of great harmony. " In fact, Ji Xianlin has actively participated in the discussion of eastern and western cultural issues in China in recent 10 years, and has also implemented this idea. Ji Xianlin divided human culture into four systems: China cultural system. Indian cultural system, Arab Islamic cultural system, European and American cultural systems since ancient Greece and Rome, and the first three * * * together constitute the eastern cultural system, while the latter is the western cultural system. Ji Xianlin shouted for the revival of oriental nation and culture, and put forward that the transformation of eastern and western cultures was "thirty years in Hedong, thirty years in Hexi", which aroused strong repercussions in China. What Ji Xianlin expressed was a historical and macroscopic viewpoint, and it was also a positive response to Eurocentrism, which had ruled the world for a long time.

Ji Xianlin/KLOC-returned from German in 0/946, and was employed by Peking University to establish the Department of Oriental Languages and open up the academic garden of Oriental Studies in China. In the fields of Buddhist language, the history of Sino-Indian cultural relations, Buddhist history, Indian history, Indian literature, comparative literature and so on, he won many awards and became a famous master of Orientalism at home and abroad. China Orientalism has such an academic master as Ji Xianlin, which is actually a blessing of China Orientalism.

Bibliography of works:

On the History of Sino-Indian Cultural Relations (Essays) 1957, Man.

A preliminary study of < Ramayana > (theory) 1979, foreign literature.

Tianzhu Heart Shadow (Prose Collection) 1980, Hundred Flowers

Selected Works of Ji Xianlin (Prose Collection) 198O, Hong Kong Literature Research Association.

Langrun Collection (Prose Collection) 198 1, Shanghai Literature and Art.

Ji Xianlin's Prose Collection 1986, Peking University Publishing House.