The Language of Flowers and the Introduction of Celosia
Flower language: sincere love also means independence and diligence.
introduce
Celosia is panicum miliaceum, with a height of1m. Stems erect, green or reddish purple, with longitudinal stripes. Leaves alternate, lanceolate or elliptic, 5 ~ 9 cm long and 1 ~ 3 cm wide. Spikes terminal or axillary; Bracts, bracteoles and perianth segments are dry, reddish, then white, bracts 3; Tepals 5; Stamens 5, the lower part of filaments United into a cup; Ovary superior, stigma 2-lobed. Utricle ovoid, dehiscent. The seeds are oblate, black and shiny.
Celastrus orbiculatus is born on slopes, roadsides and dry sunny places. Its seed is Celastrus orbiculatus, which can be used as medicine tomorrow to relieve liver fire and kill insects. Whole grass can clear away heat and promote diuresis; Young stems and leaves are used as vegetables and feed. The oil content of seeds is about 15%, and the oil is edible, but it smells bad.
Celosia is wild or cultivated in most parts of China. Semen Celosiae is one of the commonly used Chinese medicines, and its indications are: clearing liver, improving eyesight and eliminating nebula. Can be used for treating liver heat, conjunctiva, blurred vision and dizziness caused by liver fire. Ben Feng Jingyuan: "Semen Celosiae is as effective as Semen Cassiae in treating wind-heat eye diseases. It can cure wind itching and fever on the face plate, so as to disperse wind-heat of Jue Yin through blood vessels. " Modern clinic can also be used to treat diseases such as hypertension. However, liver deficiency and eye diseases should not be used alone, and patients with dilated pupils and glaucoma are prohibited.
The flowering period of Celastrus orbiculatus is from May to July, and the fruiting period is from August to September.
Morphological characteristics of Celastrus orbiculatus
Celosia cristata is panicum miliaceum, belonging to Celosia of Amaranthaceae. 30-90cm high. The whole plant is hairless. Stems erect, usually branched in the upper part, green or reddish purple, striped. Simple leaves alternate; Petiole 2- 15 mm long, or sessile; Leaf blade papery, lanceolate or oblong, 5-9 cm long and 1-3 cm wide, with sharp or long tip and slightly downward tapering base, entire. Flowers are densely planted, first reddish, then silvery white. Spikes are solitary at the top of stems or branches, cylindrical or conical, and 3- 10 cm long. Bracts, bracteoles and perianth are membranous, white and bright. Tepals 5, white or pink, lanceolate; Stamens 5, lower part united into cup, anther purple. Utricle ovoid-elliptic, dehiscent, hat-shaped shedding on the upper part, persistent style at the top, wrapped by persistent perianth.
Celosia japonica leaves are oblong-lanceolate, lanceolate or lanceolate, and a few are ovoid, 5-8 cm long and 1-3 cm wide; Green is often reddish, with a sharp tip or tapering, a small awn tip and a tapering base; Petiole 2- 15 mm long, or petiole-free.
Celosia Celosia flowers are numerous and dense, forming a single unbranched tower-shaped or cylindrical spike at the stem end or branch end, with a length of 3-10 cm; Bracts and bracteoles are lanceolate, 3-4 mm long, white and bright, tapering at the top, elongated into fine awns, midvein 1, and protruding at the back; Perianth oblong-lanceolate, 6- 10 mm long, white at first, reddish at the top, or all pink, then white, tapering at the top, with 1 midvein and protruding at the back; Filaments are 5-6 mm long, separated parts are about 2.5-3 mm long, and anthers are purple; Ovary stalk short, purple style, 3-5 mm long.
Celosia is ovoid and wrapped by persistent perianth. The lid cracked and the upper part fell off in a hat shape. The seeds are kidney-shaped, black and bright, and rectangular reticular patterns can be seen under the magnifying glass, which are arranged in concentric circles.
The seeds are oblate, a few kidney-shaped, with a diameter of 1 ~ 1.8 mm, black or red-black on the surface, bright, slightly convex in the middle, and umbilicus holes in the side concave. Observing the surface under a magnifying glass, you can see the net texture, the seeds are easy to stick to your hands, and the seed coat is thin and brittle. No breath, light taste. Full grain surface, black color and bright color are preferred. The seed surface is smooth, black and shiny, and there are slightly concave umbilicus points on the side. The seeds look like cockscomb flowers, the seed coat is thin and brittle, easily broken, and the inside is white. The gas is slightly smelly and the taste is slightly bitter. Prescription drugs for medical insurance. Seeds are odorless and tasteless. Chemical components include fatty oil, starch, nicotinic acid and potassium nitrate.
The flowering period of Celastrus orbiculatus is from May to August, and the fruiting period is from June to 65438+1October.
Ecological habits of Celosia japonica
Celosia likes warmth, heat resistance and cold resistance. The optimum growth temperature is 25-30℃, and it grows slowly below 20℃ and withers when it meets frost; Above 30℃, the product quality is poor. Celosia is a short and hard plant, which is easy to bolting and blossom under the conditions of high temperature and sunshine in autumn. It has low requirements for soil, but strong fertility, and loose soil with rich organic matter and fertility has high yield and good quality.
Celastrus orbiculatus has certain cold resistance and drought resistance. It likes to grow in calcareous soil and fertile sandy loam, and it can also grow in cohesive soil, but its speed is slow, and it is easy to rot roots in low-lying places with stagnant water. Strong resistance to sulfur dioxide, hydrogen fluoride and chlorine.
Semen Celosiae has low requirements on soil and is suitable for cultivation on fertile and well-drained sandy soil. Avoid stagnant water, low-lying land is not suitable for planting. Born in plain or hillside, it can reach an altitude of 1 100 meters. Weeds in dry fields.
Cultivation method of Celosia japonica
Celastrus orbiculatus has strong adaptability and likes warm and humid climate. Generally, it can grow on land, but it grows well on loose and fertile sandy loam and propagates with seeds.
1. Seed morphology
Celosia is oval and oval, with cracked lid, hat-shaped upper part falling off and persistent style at the top. The seeds are oblate, with black or brownish black surface, smooth and shiny; Microscopically, a rectangular or polygonal fine mesh structure can be seen, which is arranged in a concentric ring shape, with a convex side and a concave belly side, and a small protruding hilum in the middle. Endosperm is white, silty, embryo curved, annular, light yellow, oily, radicle cylindrical, cotyledons 2, linear. The 1000-grain weight is about 0.78 grams, and the seed shape is like cockscomb.
2. Seed preservation and seed cultivation
Celosia glabra and Celosia glabra belong to different species and are easy to cross. Therefore, plants left in Taneda or seeds should be planted separately from Celosia cristata, and purebred plants should be cultivated for seeds. Generally speaking, fruits ripen from August to September. When the seeds are brown-black, cut off the ears, dry in the sun, sow, remove impurities and store them in a cool and dry place. It can be preserved for 2 ~ 3 years, and the germination rate is still about 80%.
3. Seed propagation method
The optimum germination temperature of seeds is 25℃, and seeds germinate well at 20 ~ 30℃, so spring sowing is generally adopted. In March-April in the south and late April in the north, drill, open shallow ditches with a row spacing of about 30 cm, evenly sow seeds in the ditches, cover them with 0.5 cm of soil, water them after a little suppression, and sow 0.3-0.4 kg per mu; When sowing, according to the row spacing and nest spacing of about 25 cm, the hole depth is 3 ~ 6 cm, making the nest shallow and flat. Sow after applying human and animal manure, and the sowing amount is 0.25 kg per 667 square meters. When sowing, the seeds are mixed with a small amount of fire ash to make seed ash, which is evenly scattered in the nest and then covered with a layer of fire ash. Pay attention to watering in case of drought, and emerge 5 ~ 7 days after sowing. Pay attention to loosening soil, weeding and thinning seedlings after emergence. When the height of seedlings is about 5 cm, the spacing between plants is 2 ~ 3 cm. When the seedling height is about 10 cm, the seedling should be fixed according to about 15 cm.