At the beginning of the ancient city, the earth was the square, east to Old Town Street, south to Xianqian Street, west to east and north to Beijiaotang. The circumference of the city wall is about 800 meters. According to the records of the former Longchuan Academy, "Longchuan moved to Laolong (according to Laolong) in Song Xining (1068- 1077). In the 28th year of the Republic of China (1939), when the city walls of the old city were demolished, city bricks engraved with the words "white bricks along the state", "white bricks along the state" and "Jiayin" were found. In the seventh year of Jiayin (1074), he was born in Ning, Xiangxi, Song Shenzong. Accordingly, it can be proved that the county was rebuilt in Ning years. After reconstruction, Old Town Street extends eastward to Xiaodongmen and Dadongmen, Xianqian Street extends southward to South Gate of Nanmen Street, and Beijiaotang extends northward to North Gate, and the perimeter of the city wall increases to about 2,400 meters. City-build a moat.
During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, Tuocheng expanded and built four auxiliary cities, namely Shangwuli City, Xiawuli City, Xiakuo City and New City, to protect the main city. The business in Tuocheng is quite prosperous. On the eve of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Xianqian Street, Nanmen Street Street, Dadongmen Street, Xiaodongmen Street and Baisui Street were still well preserved, with about 300 shops.
So far, Tuocheng has left many historical sites and ancient buildings, such as Kengzili and Niubeiling and other Neolithic cultural sites. Ancient city base of Qin Dynasty, Yuewangjing, Zhao Tuo's former residence, Maqiangang and other sites; Yangta in Tang Dynasty; "Governing from the country" in Song Dynasty; Old sites and ancient buildings such as Chenghuang Temple, Wang Yue Temple, Confucius Temple, Donghe, Xianta Bridge, New Pagoda and Kaobang in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Longchuan Gong Xue is in Tuo Town Kindergarten, Longchuan County. It was built in the 7th year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1668), and consists of zhaobi, promenade, Lingxingmen, Chi Pan, arch bridge, east and west sides, Dacheng Hall, Minglun Hall and Zunjing Pavilion. Due to disrepair, some of them were destroyed. There are Dacheng Hall, Minglun Hall and Zunjing Pavilion.
Dacheng Hall faces south. Five rooms are 26.56m wide, four rooms are 24.40m deep and 18m high. It covers an area of 440 square meters. There are double eaves on the top of the mountain, a mixed roof truss with buckets and hanging beams, and buckets under the eaves overlap and jump out. There are all kinds of lacquer gold carvings of phoenix, bird, fish and dragon on the beams and columns, which are simple and elegant. In the first year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (1796), the gold plaque awarded to the Great Hall of the Sage was hung on the main hall door. There is a roll shed corridor on the front, which is obviously in the Qing Dynasty style from the aspects of stone pillar modeling, beam structure and carving techniques. There are no buckets on the stone pillars around the temple, and the eaves are directly supported. Put a bucket under the eaves _ multiple groups.
1962 Longchuan county people's Committee announced it as a cultural relics protection unit. In 2008, Guangdong Provincial People's Government announced that it was the fifth batch of cultural relics protection units in Guangdong Province.
The so-called experimental shed, that is, the Hiram's hospital, that is, the place where the imperial examinations were held, is generally located in important state capitals. Longchuan experimental shed was built in the second year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1876). Located at the west gate of Tuocheng Town, Longchuan County, it has a quadrangle layout and a brick-wood beam frame structure, covering an area of about 6,000 square meters. Tuocheng experimental shed has only two laboratories, an office and a residence.
According to local records, Longchuan Xun, located at the west gate of Tuocheng Town, Longchuan County, was built in the second year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1876), with a history of 134 years. Among the 204 study palaces and 14 test sheds in China, only Dingzhou in Hebei, Longchuan in Guangdong, Jianshui in Yunnan, Jixi in Anhui and Taibei in Taiwan Province have study palaces and test sheds.
At present, there is only Longchuan Tuocheng in Kaobang, Guangdong Province, and it is also the only well-preserved scientific research site in northeast Guangdong. Because the newly-built Longchuan experimental shed was built in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, Longchuan's annual scientific research was held here, and the scene was very lively. At that time, many scholars from Heyuan, Heping, Li Anping, Zijin, Xingning and Wuhua counties came here to take the exam. Some experts have verified that Longchuan Xun is the only scientific research site in northeast Guangdong, which provides valuable materials for studying the imperial examination system in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
There used to be a stone carving of "Carp yue longmen" in front of Kaobang, Longchuan, which is now collected in the office of the famous cultural city Tuocheng, and it is a very precious object among the materials we have seen so far. According to the book, it was carved out of kenaf with a unicorn crouching on its back.
Longchuan attached importance to the fine tradition of education and made great achievements in the imperial examinations in the old society. According to statistics, since the Tang and Song Dynasties, there have been 28 Jinshi in Longchuan, including165,438+02 and more than 2,000 Jinshi. Rich Confucian culture has added a heavy charm to Longchuan Tuocheng.
20 15 12 10, Longchuan kaobang was approved by the Guangdong provincial people's government and announced as the eighth batch of cultural relics protection units in Guangdong province.
Longchuan Nanyue King Temple is located in Mountain Street, Tuocheng, Longchuan County. There is no record in the history books when the temple was built. The original monument in the eighth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1635) was destroyed, and it is no longer possible to find it. "Longchuan County Records" contains: "Nanyue King Temple is located in the right county of Guanping Temple. Zangcong, the magistrate of the Qing Dynasty, was rebuilt in the sixty-first year of Kangxi (1722). The front seat is dedicated to the King of Yue, and the back seat is dedicated to the ten sages. In the forty-five years of Qianlong (1780), Hu, a magistrate of a county, rebuilt the Hall of the Great Heroes into three columns. The temple is a quadrangle layout with two courtyards. Now it covers an area of 352 square meters, with three rooms 12 meters wide and 24 meters deep. It has a hard roof made of brick and wood.
There is a jump in the back hall of the temple, and the eaves extend out, which is not helpful to the shop. This is the Buddhist temple, and the rooms on both sides are the Buddhist temple, the fasting hall and the living room. The large and small Buddha statues in the temple have long been destroyed. There are four regular script engraved in front of the door, which is called "Nanyue King Temple". On the right wall of the back hall, there is an inscription of 1 m2, which was rebuilt by Hu in the Qing Dynasty. The handwriting is clear and debatable, with 630 words of * * *. Due to disrepair and moldy trusses, some houses on the left side were rebuilt for other purposes, and the front building and back hall still exist.
1962 Longchuan county people's Committee announced it as a cultural relics protection unit. 20 15 12 10, yuewangjing and Nanyue Wang Miao were approved by the Guangdong provincial people's government and announced as the eighth batch of cultural relics protection units in Guangdong province.
Yue Wangjing, located in Guangxiao Temple, Zhongshan Street, Tuo Town, is a well in Zhao Tuo's former residence. Later, Zhao Tuo was the king of South Vietnam, so it was called "Wang Yuejing" and "Wanshou Palace Well". With the rise and fall of dynasties, it has experienced more than 2000 years of vicissitudes.
In the fifth year of Tang Ganfu (AD 878), it was rebuilt, and Changming in Yixian made well records, which was convenient for chiseling stones. Since then, it has been repaired many times, and it is well recorded. The well is of masonry structure with a depth of 40 meters. The wellhead has a circular mouth with a diameter of 0.6m, and the wellhead is 0.7m higher than the ground. Hexagonal table is made of four stone slabs, with three layers of red square stones stacked in the borehole, and blue bricks laid under the stacked stones at the bottom, with a center diameter of about 2.5 meters. Strong and beautiful structure, it is one of the famous ancient brick wells in Lingnan.
After the mid-Qing dynasty, the borehole was silted up, but it was well preserved. There is an inscription on Tang Wei Changming's "Jing Yue Ji" beside the well, which is well preserved and belongs to one of the ancient wells in Lingnan. 1962 in may, Longchuan county people's government officially announced that it was listed as the first batch of county-level cultural relics protection units.
Longchuan Orthographic Pagoda in Tang and Song Dynasties is located on the mountain of Taxi Village, Tuo Town, Longchuan County. The locals call it "Old Tower". Because the ancient temple under the tower is named "Zhengxiang Temple", it is named after the temple. In the fifty-third year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (17 14), Xu Chen, a Yi nationality, accidentally picked up a falling brick of the tower with the words "Kaiyuan three years" printed on it, so it was also called "Kaiyuan Tower". Legend has it that immortals were built overnight, so they are also called "Immortal Pagoda".
According to brick carving records, the tower was built in the third year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty (7 15). This six-corner, seven-story pavilion-style brick tower is 32 meters high. The steps of the tower were folded in the wall. The tower body of each floor is made of bricks into inclined columns, corner columns, diaphragm forehead, bucket arches, etc. , water chestnut tooth brick and line brick are alternately stacked to form a flat seat with waist eaves. The whole tower is made of blue bricks and glued with yellow mud. The practice of collecting points at each level is not obvious. Maintenance was carried out at 1959, 1980 and 1985 respectively.
1962 In July, Guangdong Provincial People's Committee announced it as a cultural relic protection unit.
Tuocheng is "the source of Hakka in Lingnan, with the highest Chinese surname, and Zhao Tuo prospers as the land of kings and the window of imperial examination culture". Walking on Longchuan Tuocheng is like opening a Millennium history book. Gu Men, ancient streets, ancient roads, ancient trees, ancient dwellings, ancient ancestral halls and ancient docks, one ancient at a time, three monuments at a time, read the past clouds and smoke, feel the changes of the years, experience the return of human nature and cherish the good times.
Tuocheng is one of the oldest county towns in Guangdong Province, with a history of about 2200 years. About Tuocheng, there are detailed descriptions in historical books of past dynasties:
(1) Historical records: According to Records of the Historian Biography of Zhufuyan, when Qin Jun first crossed Nanping, Tusui of Zhao Tuo was the commander of Qin Jun, and in 2 18 BC, Qin Jun first entered Lingnan. Tu Youyou's army, the main commander in chief of the Qin Dynasty, was defeated in Xi 'ou area on the western front, and Tu Youyou was killed, "hundreds of thousands of people died". Zhao Tuo's army on the Eastern Front carried out the policy of combining repression with appeasement, which won the support of the Vietnamese people and established a solid foundation in Fujian and Vietnam. In the thirty-third year of Qin Shihuang (2 14 BC), Ren Tao was appointed as the commander-in-chief, supplemented by Zhao Tuo, and Nanping Baiyue was set up in Nanhai, Guilin and Xiang Jun, Ren Tao was appointed as the county magistrate of Nanhai, and Zhao Tuo was appointed as the Longchuan order. Because Zhao Tuo is the East Route Army, the marching route is likely to be from Xijiang to Longjiang, that is, the upper reaches of Dongjiang (now northeast of Longchuan), and it will go down the river until Longchuan Laolong establishes a military camp and builds a tucheng to set up a cure station in Longchuan today. In recent years, there is an article written by Huang Xun in Longchuan County Chronicle compiled by Longchuan scholars in Taiwan Province, entitled "An Examination of the Old Longxing Garden in Longchuan, Zhao Tuo, King of South Vietnam": "Zhao Tuo led his troops to Laolong, initially set up a camp top, commanded fortification deployment, then opened Longchuan (Longchuan) to build a city, and then Pakistan became independent with Longchuan." Today, the remains of the castle at the top of Laolongzhai Mountain are still faintly visible, and it is said that it is the camp of the King of South Vietnam. Longchuan Tuocheng is about 10 km south of Laolongzhai Fort. The city is surrounded by mountains on three sides, with beautiful peaks, Dongjiang in the east and rivers like dragons. It is also reasonable for Zhao Tuo to choose this place to build a tucheng as a county magistrate. More importantly, Tuocheng is located near the boundary between Dongjiang River and Hanjiang River. The southwest can control the south of Longchuan along Dongjiang River, and the southeast can control the east of Longchuan along Korea, which is of great strategic significance.
Li Jifu, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, wrote in the entry of Heyuan County in Yuanhe County (Volume 34): "The old city of Longchuan is 175 miles in the northeast waterway of the county, and Longchuan County is also in Qin. Commander Qin Nanhai called Longchuan to order Zhao Tuo to give him political power, which is here. " According to the geographical location of Longchuan Tuocheng today, it is in the northeast channel of Heyuan 175, which coincides with what Yuan said.
Song's "Taiping Universe Longchuan Ji" (Volume 155) said: "In the six years of Gan Heng, Liu assumed a false name in Guangnan, and the old county was changed to Longchuan County, still moving to the county. In ancient Zhao Tuo City, there were mountains in the west and water in the south. Wuli in the northwest, Longchuan River used to be called, flowing from Anyuan in Ganzhou to the county. " The source of Longchuan River (Dongjiang) flows from Anyuan County, Jiangxi Province to Longchuan County, the first county in Guangdong Province. Today's Longchuan Tuo is bordered by mountains in the northwest and Longchuan River in the south. This coincides with the geographical location mentioned in Taiping Huan Ji.
Wang Xiangzhi's book Ji Sheng in the Ground quotes Weng Shaoxu from Xunyang Zhi: "In the fifteenth year of Song Shaoxing, Han Jing, the county magistrate, moved to the east of the city, Wei's hometown, and took a bite of Taijing." He added, "Longchuan Old Town is the thirty steps of national governance." At that time, Zhou Xun House was located on the right side of today's town government.
Heyuan County Records in Yuanhe County Records of Tang Dynasty (Volume 34, page 89) records: "Longxue Mountain is now called Longchuan Mountain, which is 340 miles northeast of Heyuan County." This is the earliest recorded ancient book Longxue Mountain in Longchuan. The location of "Longxue Mountain" painted in Jiajing's Huizhou Mansion Records, Huizhou Mansion Map and Huizhou Mansion General Plan is adjacent to Guangxin Capital and the 11th Capital of Longchuan County. This is also the earliest map with "Longxue Mountain" painted so far. According to the investigation team of Longchuan County's famous cultural city, the comrades personally visited the site and confirmed that there are eight places called "Dragon" near Longchuan Guangxin and Eleventh Capital (northeast of Longchuan, that is, Mabugang and Yanzhan), one of which is called "Cave Flowing Spring", which is very similar to what Yan Shigu and others said. After investigation, it is found that the location of "Cave Flowing Spring" is consistent with that recorded in Homology Record and Huizhou Map. Check Ming Jiajing's Huichuan County Records. Map. "Longchuan Landscape Map" says: "(Tuocheng) is twenty miles west of Liucheng Village and twenty miles southwest of Xia Yun Village." The same book "Huizhou Fuzhi Heyuan County Records Map" says: "The northeast of Heyuan is 150 miles away from Xia Yun Village in Longchuan." According to this, it can be proved that the old city of Zhao Tuo is happy in today's Longchuan Tuocheng.
(2) Textual research on cultural relics and historic sites: According to the relevant historical records of Longchuan County Museum, Longchuan County was built in the Qin Dynasty, with limited manpower, material resources and financial resources, and it is a square earthen city. In recent years, the Qin and Han tombs unearthed in Tuocheng are all earth tombs, and brick tombs did not appear until Sui and Tang Dynasties. This shows that archaeological excavations are in line with historical facts. After more than 2,000 years of changes, Gulongchuan County no longer exists, but many cultural relics are still well preserved. For example, Yuewangjing, located in Guangxiao Temple in Tuocheng, Longchuan County (on the Wu He side of Mountain Street in Tuocheng), is a well designated by Zhao Tuo, the magistrate of Qin County, and later Zhao Tuo was the King of Nanyue, hence the name "Yuewangjing". In the fifth year of Tang Ganfu (AD 878), it was rebuilt, and Wei Changming, a city sage, made a well note to facilitate stone removal. "Wang Menstruation" says: "Zhao Tuo, the king of South Vietnam, was built in the east of the lake. In the past, when Longchuan was ordered, he blocked the mountains and took the river, and climbed the mountains to see all the scenery. However, this is the middle, the soil is fertile, the vegetation is sprouting, and the reclamation and renovation will be fixed. It is ten miles away from _ Mountain in the north, five miles away from Wuma Peak in the east, and many miles away from the river in the south, opposite Haizhu Mountain (hence the name). Digging wells in the east of governance, the more wells. " The story of the King of Yue refers to the geographical location of the present-day Longchuan Tuocheng. Jingji added, "Thirty-five generations of Changming ancestors came here from Shaanxi! Reality starts from crossing the well. " Changming is the first scholar in Zhou Xun. When he was in Tang Xizong, he was an official in the imperial examination, and his scholarship was rigorous. In addition, his ancestors and Zhao Tuo were contemporaries and came from Shaanxi with Zhao Tuo. The story of the old city has been handed down from generation to generation and is credible.
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Location of scenic spots
Beside Gong Xue, Tuocheng Town, Longchuan County, Heyuan City, Guangdong Province
Tuo Town: Located at the southernmost tip of Longchuan County, Tuo Town has a history of 222 1 year. It is one of the first historical and cultural cities in Guangdong Province, and has always been an important town for political, economic and cultural activities in Longchuan County. The town covers a total area of 2 18 square kilometers, governs 17 administrative villages and 1 neighborhood committees, with a total population of 432 18. In 2006, the town achieved a gross national product of 260 million yuan. This city has a long history and many historical sites. Agriculture in this town mainly develops three pillar industries: aquatic products, fruits and vegetables. Rich in natural resources, it also has county-level cultural relics protection units.