1956 in March, the State Council formulated 1956 to 1967, and proposed that China's jet and rocket technology should embark on the road of independent development within 12.
1956 In April, People's Republic of China (PRC) Aviation Industry Committee was established to lead China's aviation and rocket industry in a unified way. Nie is the director, and Huang Kecheng and Zhao Erlu are deputy directors.
On May 6th, Vice Premier Nie presented the "Preliminary Opinions on Establishing China's Missile Research Work" to the Central Committee. On May 26th, Premier Zhou Enlai presided over a meeting of the Central Military Commission to discuss and agree, and instructed the Aviation Commission to be responsible for organizing missile management institutions and research institutions.
1956101on October 8th, the fifth research institute of the Ministry of National Defense, the first rocket and missile research institution in China, was established, with Qian Xuesen as its president.
1958 65438+ 10, the Ministry of National Defense formulated the development plan of the ten-year jet and rocket technology (1958 to 1967).
1958, Qian Xuesen, Zhao Jiuzhang and other scientists of the Chinese Academy of Sciences were responsible for drawing up the draft of the artificial satellite development plan, code-named "58 1" mission, and established "58 1 group", and agreed to establish three design compounds. In August, the first design institute was established. 10, 165438+ moved to Shanghai and changed its name to Shanghai Electromechanical Design Institute of China Academy of Sciences.
1in April, 958, the construction of China's first launch site for launch vehicles began.
1960 February19, an experimental liquid fuel sounding rocket designed and manufactured by China was successfully launched for the first time in a paddy field in the suburbs of Shanghai, and the rocket flew for eight kilometers. In September, the sounding rocket was successfully launched.
1960165438+1On October 5th, the first launch test of the Soviet "P-2" missile copied by China was successful.
1962 March 2 1 day, the launch test of the first medium and short-range rocket independently developed by China failed.
1963 1 The China Academy of Sciences established the Interstellar Navigation Committee, led by Zhu Kezhen, Pei, Qian Xuesen and Zhao Jiuzhang, to study and formulate long-term plans for interstellar navigation.
1964 On April 29th, the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense reported to the Central Committee that it planned to launch China's first artificial satellite at 1970 or 197 1.
1On June 29th, 964, the short-range rocket developed by China was successfully launched again.
1964 On July19, China's first biological rocket carrying mice was successfully launched in Guangde, Anhui.
1965, the Central Special Committee approved the development plan of 1965 to 1972 launch vehicle formulated by the Seventh Ministry of Machinery Industry. The Central Special Committee instructed China Academy of Sciences to formulate the development plan of satellite series.
1965655438+00, China academy of sciences held the first demonstration meeting of the artificial satellite scheme entrusted by the commission of science, technology and industry for national defense.
On June 30th, 1966, Premier Zhou Enlai inspected Jiuquan launch base, watched the short-range rocket launch test and congratulated the launch on its success.
1966101the missile nuclear weapon launch test was successful on October 27th. The warhead hit the target accurately and achieved a nuclear explosion.
1966165438+10 In October, the development of the Long March-1 launch vehicle and the Dongfanghong-1 satellite began.
19665438+On February 26th, the first flight test of a medium-range rocket developed by China was basically successful.
1967, "Heping II" solid fuel meteorological rocket was successfully tested.
1968 On February 20th, the Institute of Space Technology was established.
1970 65438+1October 30th, the flight test of the medium and long-range rocket was successful for the first time.
1On April 24th, 970, Dongfanghong-1 satellite was successfully launched. This is the first artificial satellite launched by China.
1971On March 3rd, China launched the scientific experimental satellite "Practice 1". This satellite has been in orbit for 8 years.
1971September 10, the first flight test of the intercontinental rocket was basically successful.
1975165438+1On October 26th, China launched a recoverable satellite. The satellite returned to the ground as scheduled on the 29th.
1979 65438+1On October 7th, a new launch mode was tested with a long-range rocket and achieved success.
1979, Roy 1 space survey ship was built and put into use, and China became the fourth country in the world with an ocean-going space survey ship.
1980 On May 18, China successfully launched a long-range launch vehicle into the scheduled waters of the Pacific Ocean.
1981On September 20th, China launched three scientific experimental satellites with a carrier rocket.
19821June 12, the submarine successfully launched the launch vehicle underwater, and the recovery cabin splashed down in the scheduled sea area accurately.
1on April 8, 984, China's first geostationary orbit test communication satellite was successfully launched. 16, the satellite was successfully fixed above the equator at 125 degrees east longitude.
1985, China officially announced that it would put the Long March series of launch vehicles into the international commercial launch market.
On February 1 9861,China launched a practical communication and broadcasting satellite. On the 20th, the satellite was successfully repaired. This indicates that China has completely mastered the launch vehicle technology, and satellite communication has entered the practical stage from the experimental stage.
1On September 7th, 988, China launched an experimental meteorological satellite "Fengyun-1". This is the first polar-orbiting meteorological satellite developed and launched by China.
198865438+On February 25th, China Academy of Sciences successfully launched a "Weaver Girl-1" rocket, so far, the first rocket sounding test in low latitudes in China was successfully completed.
1989 65438+ 10, the "Chang-2 Bundled E-2 Rocket" was officially started.
1 On April 7, 1990, the Long March III carrier rocket developed by China put the American-made Asian communication satellite1into the predetermined orbit in xichang satellite launch center, which was the first successful launch for foreign users.
1990 July 16 At 9: 40, China's newly developed high-thrust launch vehicle, the Long March II bundled launch vehicle, was successfully launched in xichang satellite launch center, sending the simulated satellite into the scheduled orbit. The rocket was launched from a large space launch facility newly built in China, and a small scientific experimental satellite was also launched for Pakistan.
1September 1990, China successfully launched Fengyun-1 solar synchronous orbit meteorological test satellite.
1October 22nd19965438+65438 in0+18: 23, China's first sounding rocket with an altitude of 120km was successfully launched at the Hainan sounding launch site of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
1On March 22nd, 992, Xichang, China failed to launch Austar satellite (made in the United States).
14, 12 At 7 o'clock in August, Xichang, the "Long March II E" bundled launch vehicle developed by China was successfully launched, and the Australian "Aussie B1"(Austar) communication satellite developed by the United States was successfully put into the scheduled orbit.
On February 22nd, 1994, China's first maritime satellite ground station passed the acceptance. Its completion fills a gap in China's high technology.
1June, 1997, Fengyun-2 geostationary meteorological satellite based on Dongfanghong -2A satellite platform was successfully fixed over the equator at 105 degrees east longitude. This achievement makes China the fifth country in the world to independently develop and launch a geostationary meteorological satellite after the United States, Japan, the European Space Agency and Russia.
On May 2nd, 1998, an improved Chang-II-C carrier rocket developed and produced by China was successfully launched at Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center. This shows that China has the competitiveness to participate in the international low-orbit commercial launch market.
1in may, 1999, China successfully launched an improved Fengyun-1 meteorological application satellite.
1999 2 1 year1October 20th, China successfully launched and recovered the first unmanned test spacecraft, which marked that China broke through the basic technology of manned spacecraft and took an important step in the field of manned space flight.
In September, 2000, China's self-developed China Resources II satellite 0 1 was successfully launched. Since then, 02 and 03 satellites have been successfully launched respectively, with higher resolution than the resources-1 series satellites, forming a three-star network, marking a historic leap in China's satellite development technology.
In June 5438+1October and February 65438+February, 2000, two Beidou-1 navigation satellites were fixed above the equator at 140 degrees east longitude and 80 degrees east longitude respectively.
In June 2000, 5438+065438+ 10, the press office of the State Council, China released the white paper "Space in China", which defined the short-term and long-term goals of China's manned space project.
From 200 1, 1 to 10, China successfully launched and recovered the Shenzhou II unmanned test spacecraft. The spacecraft flew in space for nearly 7 days according to the scheduled orbit, circling the earth 108, and successfully completed the scheduled space science and technology test mission. It marks new progress in China's manned space flight and a gratifying step towards the realization of manned space flight.
From March 25th to April 20th, 2002 1, China successfully launched and recovered the Shenzhou III unmanned test spacecraft. Shenzhou III successfully completed a series of scientific experiments, which laid the foundation for the future measurement, control and management of manned space flight in China.
In May 2002, China successfully launched the first ocean color and water temperature monitoring satellite-Haiyang-1.
On June 30, 2002, 65438+February 30, 2002, China successfully launched the Shenzhou IV unmanned spacecraft, and the manned flight was not far away.
On May 25th, 2003, the third satellite of Beidou-1 navigation system was successfully launched, making China the first regional satellite navigation system.
June 5438+1October 65438+May 2003, China successfully launched the first manned spaceship Shenzhou 5, and Yang Liwei became the first person in China. The 2 1 hour 23-minute space trip marks that China has become the third country in the world to independently carry out manned space activities after the former Soviet Union, Russia and the United States.
June, 5438+October, 2004 10, with the approval of the State Council, the first phase of China's lunar exploration project was formally established and entered the stage of engineering development. It is planned to launch China's first lunar exploration satellite in 2007.
June 65438+1October 65438+February 2005, China successfully launched the second manned spacecraft Shenzhou VI, and conducted the first five-day flight test for two people (Fei and Nie Haisheng).
In April 2006, China successfully launched China's first microwave remote sensing satellite-Remote Sensing Satellite No.1 and so on.
In 2007124 October 18: 06, China will launch the "Chang 'e-1" lunar exploration satellite, marking the first step of China's lunar exploration project and stepping up China's space industry to a new level.
The development course of China's space industry
1960 February19, an experimental liquid fuel sounding rocket designed and manufactured by China was successfully launched for the first time.
1 On April 24th, 970, the first artificial earth satellite "Dongfanghong"1was successfully launched in Jiuquan, and China became the fifth country in the world to launch a satellite.
1975165438+1October 26th, China's first recoverable satellite was successfully launched and returned three days later. China became the third country in the world to master the technology of satellite return.
1985 10 Long March rockets began to enter the international market.
1999165438+1On October 20th, China's first unmanned experimental spacecraft "Shenzhou-1" was launched in Jiuquan, and landed in the recycling yard in central Inner Mongolia 2 1 hour later.
At 2001110/,the Shenzhou II unmanned spacecraft independently developed by China was launched from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.
On March 25th, 2002, Shenzhou III was successfully launched from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. On April 1 day, Shenzhou III landed successfully in central Inner Mongolia.
From February 30, 2002 to October 5, 2003/kloc-0, Shenzhou IV unmanned spacecraft was successfully launched in the cold of minus 20 degrees Celsius, and returned safely after flying for seven days.
At 7: 00 pm on June 5, 2003, at 65438, Shenzhou IV landed in a predetermined area in central Inner Mongolia and was successfully recovered. At 0: 40 on February 30, 65438, the Shenzhou IV unmanned spacecraft was launched from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.
June 5438+1October 65438+May 2003, China's first astronaut, Yang Liwei, went into space in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft, realizing the Chinese nation's dream of flying for thousands of years.
June 65438+1October 65438+February 2005, astronauts Fei and Nie Haisheng flew into space again in the Shenzhou VI spacecraft, spent five days in space, and returned to the ground safely after completing a series of space experiments.
Summary: From 1999 to 2005, six years, six spaceships and six leaps, the speed and efficiency of China's manned space flight amazed the world and made hundreds of millions of people in China feel encouraged and proud. In six years, six spaceships and six breakthroughs, China astronauts used their wisdom and efforts to make up for the lack of material and technical foundation and created a rapid leap in manned space flight in China.