1, the rescue excavation is due to the reasons of infrastructure projects, and the site needs to be cleaned, that is, passive excavation. Active excavation refers to the excavation to solve an archaeological problem. For example, in the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties dating project, some excavations to solve the age problem are active excavations. But now our country generally does not allow active excavation, one is to protect cultural relics, and the other is to leave something for future generations.
2. Protective excavation refers to the excavation in which some cultural relics are unintentionally destroyed in advance due to some human factors, leaving them in an unprotected state to prevent them from being destroyed again. This excavation is unplanned.