Tang Dingyuan (1920may12-2019june3), a physicist from Jintan District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, is one of the founders of semiconductor and infrared science in China, an academician of China Academy of Sciences, a researcher and doctoral supervisor of Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
1942 Tang Dingyuan stayed as a teacher after graduating from the Physics Department of National Central University; From 65438 to 0948, he studied in the Physics Department of the University of Minnesota and transferred to the Physics Department of the University of Chicago in the same year. 1950 obtained a master's degree in physics from the University of Chicago; 195 1 After returning to China, he worked in the Institute of Applied Physics of China Academy of Sciences as an assistant researcher and associate researcher. 1957 Join the Jiu San Society; From 65438 to 0964, he was transferred to Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and served as deputy director, director, director of the academic committee of the Institute and director of the academic committee of the State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics. 199 1 Elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences; In 2002, he won the Science and Technology Progress Award of He Liang Heli Fund.
Tang Dingyuan participated in and directed the development of photoelectric devices such as silicon solar cells and high-energy particle detectors; The materials and accessories of lead sulfide, indium antimonide, mercury-doped germanium, mercury cadmium telluride and other infrared detectors have been developed.
Chinese name: Tang Dingyuan
Nationality: China.
Place of birth: Jintan District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province
Date of birth:1May 920 12.
Date of death: 2065438+June 3, 2009
Occupation: educational and scientific research worker
Graduate school: University of Chicago, USA
Main achievements: 199 1 Elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
Masterpiece: Introduction to photoelectric devices and infrared radiation heating technology.
The life of the character
1May, 92012nd, Tang Dingyuan was born in Jintan, Jiangsu.
/kloc-in the autumn of 0/930, Tang Dingyuan entered the county town to attend the fifth grade of primary school. I only studied for a year, but I dropped out of school because of the great flood in the countryside.
/kloc-in the spring of 0/932, Tang Dingyuan went to the county to attend middle school. After graduating from junior high school, I was admitted to Wuxi Normal School and studied for two years.
1937, when War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out, Tang Dingyuan and his classmates walked to Wuhan by begging along the road and lived in a refugee shelter.
1April, 938, he was taken in by the Ministry of Education of the Kuomintang and assigned to the Normal Department of National Sichuan Middle School to continue his studies. I only studied for three months, graduated from the normal department in July, and stayed in school waiting for distribution. Then he was admitted to the Physics Department of National Central University.
1942, Tang Dingyuan stayed as a teacher after graduating from the Physics Department of National Central University.
1March, 948, Tang Dingyuan went to study in the Physics Department of the University of Minnesota, and transferred to the Physics Department of the University of Chicago in the same year.
1950, Tang Dingyuan obtained a master's degree in physics from the University of Chicago.
195 1 year, after returning to China, Tang Dingyuan worked in the Institute of Applied Physics of China Academy of Sciences (1958 was renamed the Institute of Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences) as an assistant researcher and associate researcher.
1957, Tang Dingyuan joined the Jiu San Society.
From 65438 to 0960, Tang Dingyuan worked in the Institute of Semiconductors of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, during which he also served as a professor at the University of Science and Technology of China and director of the semiconductor teaching and research department.
1962, Tang Dingyuan was promoted to researcher.
From 65438 to 0964, Tang Dingyuan was transferred to Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and served as deputy director, director, director of the academic committee of the institute and director of the academic committee of the State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics.
199 1 Elected Academician of China Academy of Sciences.
On June 3, 2009, Tang Dingyuan died in Shanghai at the age of 99.
Major achievements
achievements in scientific research
When studying at the University of Chicago, Tang Dingyuan worked in the high-pressure physics laboratory of the university, and studied the high-pressure phase transition under the guidance of Professor A.W.Lawson. He used beryllium as a high-pressure container, and studied the diffraction image of the sample powder taken by X-rays through the beryllium container under high pressure. Tang Dingyuan found in his work that the crystal structure of metallic cerium (Ce) remained face-centered cubic under high pressure (about 12kbar) and normal pressure, but its volume suddenly changed by 16.5%. In the periodic table of atoms, cerium is the first lanthanide rare earth element with 4f state, and the influence of pressure can be explained as 4f electron being "squeezed" to empty 5d state, a novel phase transition. This achievement attracted the attention of two Nobel laureates, P.W.Bridgman and L.Pauling. Later, he developed a diamond high-pressure container, which obtained a pressure of 25 kilobar. After obtaining the master's degree, Tang Dingyuan continued to do doctoral thesis work, and his research direction was to study the phase transition of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) by using this new high-pressure vessel.
In the second half of 1956, Tang Dingyuan carried out regional purification of germanium in the semiconductor laboratory of the Institute of Physics, and measured and studied the spectral distribution of germanium photoconductive. The shape of spectral distribution of germanium photoconductive is quantitatively explained by surface recombination velocity, and a method to study surface recombination velocity is proposed. Experiments have confirmed the role of surface recombination in photoelectric process. 1957, he read out the research results at the international conference on solid state physics held in GDR.
From 1958 to 12, Tang Dingyuan led scientific and technical personnel in the research and development of lead sulfide infrared detectors, and developed lead sulfide infrared detectors with excellent performance. At the same time, a set of test equipment is established, including blackbody responsivity, noise spectrum and spectral response. This testing system later became a model for establishing an infrared detector laboratory in China. During this period, Tang Dingyuan and others also compiled and published the book Infrared Photodetectors and Their Materials.
After 1978, Tang Dingyuan predicted the importance of HgCdTe infrared detector in the future development of infrared technology, and led the research team of Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics to conduct a comprehensive and systematic study on HgCdTe crystal materials, devices and physical properties.
1985, Tang Dingyuan attended the seminar on infrared radiation heating technology. Knowing some problems in developing this important energy-saving technology in China, he wrote a popular science book, Infrared Radiant Heating Technology, and expounded the basic principle of radiant heating.
1999, Tang Dingyuan's 16 achievements were included in the international authoritative scientific manual Landolt. Boernstein: Relationship between Numerical Data and Function Science and Technology III/4 1B (springer Publishing House).
By April of 20 14, Tang Dingyuan had published more than one academic paper 100 at home and abroad, covering energy band parameters, optical constants, impurity defects, material physics and device physics of HgCdTe semiconductors. In addition, he presided over the writing, compilation and publication of 12 scientific monographs and popular science books.
publish a book
Journal paper
Tang Dingyuan, Gao Guoyu. Effect of surface recombination velocity on photoconductive spectral distribution of germanium (I). Science Bulletin,1957,2 (8): 238-239.
Tang Dingyuan was born in Zheng Guozhen. Narrow band gap semiconductor. Physics, 1983(4): 196-205.
Tang Dingyuan. Development status of infrared detectors. Laser and infrared,1991(1): 5-11.
Tang Dingyuan. Infrared physics and infrared technology. Physics experiment,1992 (4):153-159.
Tang Dingyuan. Development of infrared detectors. Journal of China Academy of Sciences, 1993( 1):57-58.
Tang Dingyuan. Memories of a research work in Shapingba period. Physics,1994,23 (10): 0-0.
Tang Dingyuan. Some memories about the development of infrared technology in China. Infrared technology, 2000( 1):2-7.
Tang Dingyuan. Optoelectronic technology and industry at the turn of the century. Laser and infrared, 200 1, 3 1(2):67-70.
Tang, Yang, Zhang, et al. Characteristics of yttrium aluminum garnet and transparent ceramics. Alloy magazine. Compound, 2015,639: 244-251.
Up to April of 20 14, Tang Dingyuan has successively won the third prize of national natural science, the second prize and the third prize of national scientific and technological progress, the first prize, the second prize and the third prize of natural science of China Academy of Sciences, the first prize and the second prize of scientific and technological progress of China Academy of Sciences, the major achievement award of China Academy of Sciences and the second prize of Shanghai Science and Technology.
personnel training
Tang Dingyuan believes that for a scientific researcher, in order to do a good job in scientific research and make achievements, he must first have a very strong interest in the science and technology he is engaged in. He entered this field because he had a strong interest from the beginning. Secondly, we should have a clear goal for the research work, we should not dabble in it, and we should not be afraid of failure and difficulties. These are the minimum spirits. In terms of research methods, it is very important to first carefully understand the relationship between science and technology, and then to understand and master the international frontier. Finally, research work should focus on results.
By March, 2008, Tang Dingyuan had trained 9 doctors and more than 30 masters, and Liu Kun's 65438-0999 graduation thesis "Research on Photoelectric Properties and Two-dimensional Characteristics of Narrow Band Gap Semiconductor" was awarded as the national excellent doctoral thesis. Selected as "Excellent Tutor" of China Academy of Sciences for three times.
Honor recognition
social service
Tang Dingyuan is also a professor at Shanghai University of Science and Technology and head of the Department of Technical Physics. He used to be editor-in-chief of Infrared and Millimeter Wave Journal, deputy editor-in-chief of Applied Science Journal, vice chairman of chinese optical society, vice chairman of Shanghai Physics Society and vice chairman of Shanghai Infrared and Remote Sensing Society. Member of the Fifth Session of China People's Political Consultative Conference, Member of the Sixth and Seventh Standing Committees of Jiu San Society, Member of the Eighth Session, and Member of the Seventh and Eighth Central Committee.
Personality assessment
Tang Dingyuan has made pioneering contributions to the successful application of semiconductor infrared devices in China exploration and space remote sensing. (China Net Review)
Tang Dingyuan initiated and participated in the successful development of ten kinds of photoelectric devices and infrared detectors, some of which have been applied to satellites and high-tech equipment for military and civilian use, making outstanding contributions to the development of "two bombs and one satellite" in China. (Audited by Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
The core spirit of Mr. Tang's life is to serve the motherland. His three letters to the leaders of the National Defense Science and Technology Commission directly promoted the development of infrared technology in China. In his mind, Mr. Tang is also a scientist who dares to innovate, is good at innovation and always works at the forefront of science. His sensitivity to science and his accurate grasp of the direction of tackling key problems have enabled the Institute of Technology to catch up with or even surpass its international counterparts. In Mr. Tang's mind, he always puts his work first in life and regards scientific research as the greatest pleasure in life. To learn from Mr. Tang is to learn from his spirit, so as to motivate yourself and be realistic and innovative. (20 15, comment by academician Chu Junhao of Chinese Academy of Sciences at the academic thought seminar of Academician Tang Dingyuan and the 95th birthday celebration)
Personality influence
On the morning of May 15, 12, Academician Tang Dingyuan's academic thought seminar and 95th birthday celebration were held in Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Participants include Mr. Tang Dingyuan's "four generations" students, colleagues and representatives of brother units. The meeting was chaired by Nina Dai and Ding Lei, deputy directors of Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Before the meeting, Mr. Tang Dingyuan's documentary "Honor Mission Science" was broadcast. .