(1) Tea drinking began in the Western Han Dynasty.
There are different opinions about the origin of tea drinking, and the dispute is undecided. Generally speaking, there are pre-Qin theory, Western Han theory, Three Kingdoms theory and Wei-Jin theory.
1, pre-Qin theory
Lu Yu, according to Shennong's Classic of Food, said that "tea and tea are served for a long time, and the strength is great." He believed that tea drinking began in Shennong's era, and "tea is a drink and originated from Shennong". Shennong was Emperor Yan, and together with the Yellow Emperor, he was a tribal leader in ancient China. The Shennong Shi Jing, which was verified by modern people, began to be drunk in ancient primitive society after the Han Dynasty. Gu believes that tea drinking began in the Warring States period, which is just speculation, and there is no direct evidence. Tea drinking in the pre-Qin period either originated from legends or was indirectly speculated, and there was no reliable material proof.
2. The Three Kingdoms Theory
There is a saying in The Biography of the Three Kingdoms, Wu Shu Wei Yaochuan that "tea replaces wine". This kind of beverage that can replace wine should be tea beverage, which is enough to prove that there is tea in the court of Wu State. On this basis, South Window Ji Tan holds that China began to drink tea in the Three Kingdoms. There is no doubt that there was tea drinking in Dongwu during the Three Kingdoms period, but Bashu tea drinking was earlier than Dongwu. Therefore, tea drinking in China must be earlier than in the Three Kingdoms.
3. Wei and Jin Dynasties
Tang Peiwen's Classic of Tea and Fu Shan's Notes hold that tea drinking began in the Jin Dynasty, and Song Jigulu holds that tea drinking began in the Wei and Jin Dynasties.
4. The Western Han Dynasty said
Hao Yixing in Qing Dynasty pointed out in "Prove Custom": "The method of drinking tea began at the end of Han Dynasty and sprouted in the pre-Qin period. Every general in Sima Xiangru has a discussion, and Wang Bao asks Wuyang to buy tea. " Hao Yixing believed that tea drinking began in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and sprouted in the Western Han Dynasty.
Wang Bao, a famous poet in the Western Han Dynasty, also believed that "cooking tea with all utensils" was the earliest reliable record about drinking tea. In Yue Yue, there are "cooking tea with all utensils" and "buying tea in Wuyang". It is generally believed that the "tea" of "cooking tea" and "buying tea" is tea.
Wang Bao is from Sichuan Zizhong, and the place to buy tea is Pengshan, Sichuan. Wang Bao, Wang Bao, Wang Bao, Wang Bao, Wang Bao, Wang Bao, Wang Bao, Wang Bao, Wang Bao, Wang Bao, Wang Bao, Wang Bao were all Shu people, which shows that Bashu people invented tea.
From the Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms, except Bashu, tea was a rare enjoyment in the upper class, and drinking tea was limited to princes and ministers. "Three Kingdoms Wu Zhi" records: "Yao only drinks two liters. Hao's first ceremony was different. He gave Wei Yao tea instead of wine. " Sun Haomi drinks tea instead of wine, which can be seen in Wu Dong Palace.
Zhang Zai, a poet in the Western Jin Dynasty, wrote in his poem "Climbing the Baitu Building in Chengdu": "Chengdu is a fragrant tea in Qing Xiang, and it is spread in nine districts." It is said that Chengdu's fragrant tea is all over Kyushu, and some scholars exaggerate it, but it is also close to the truth. "Scout Records" records: "Xiyang, Wuchang, Lujiang and Jinling all produce good tea. Badong has its own fragrant tea. " After gold, look for the gods.
During the Jin Dynasty, tea drinking gradually spread from the upper class to the lower class. Gan Bao's "Searching for God" said: "Xia Houdun's word Wan Jen died of illness ... If he was born sitting on the big bed in the Western Wall, people would find tea." Although this is a fictional story, it also reflects the fact that ordinary people drink tea. The biography of Guangling's addiction to the old said: "There was an old grandmother in Jin and Yuan Dynasties, and each Dan brought a cup of tea alone.
Qian Shan's "A Story of Xing Wu" in the Southern Song Dynasty contains: "Wucheng Wushan is the place where court officials leave Beijing", "Changxing pecks at the wood cen, and every year the prefects of Xing Wu and Baling counties gather tea here, and there are pavilions." Wucheng Wushan produces tribute tea, Changxing County has a pavilion, and the two prefectures make tea here. Jiangnan area not only drinks tea.
After Galand in Luoyang, Wei wrote in Chengnan Temple: "When Su Chu entered the country, he didn't eat mutton crisp paddles, but often ate crucian carp soup, so he was thirsty for tea juice ... When he gave Liu Gao and Su Mu the style, he specialized in drinking tea." At first, people in the Northern Dynasties longed for butter paddles, but influenced by people like Liu in the Southern Dynasties, they also liked tea.
Tea drinking began in the Western Han Dynasty and originated in Bashu. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, it gradually spread to the vast areas of the Central Plains. Tea drinking has developed from the upper class to the folk, and the area for drinking and growing tea is becoming wider and wider.
Tea is related to religion.
During the Han, Wei, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Taoism, an inherent religion in China, was formed and developed. At the same time, Buddhism originated in India was spread and developed in China. Tea is widely favored by religious people because of its light and quiet nature and the function of sleeping and treating diseases.
(A) Taoism and tea
Taoists take medicine in order to thoroughly remould oneself and become immortals, so tea has become the first choice for Taoists. Drinking tea and taking medicine are the same. Tao Hongjing, a famous Taoist priest in the Southern Dynasties, wrote in Miscellaneous Laws: "Bitter tea turns its bones lightly, and Qiu Zi and Huang Shanjun took it." Dan Qiu Zi and Huang Shanjun are legendary immortals, and drinking tea can make people "intellectual man fit and become bones". It can satisfy Taoism's pursuit of immortality and immortality. "Anecdotes" written by Wang Fu, a famous Taoist priest during the reign of Emperor Hui of Jin Dynasty: "Yuyao people went into the mountains to collect tea, met a Taoist priest, led three green cows, and led the flood to the waterfall, saying,' Give Dan a drink, and Wen Zi tastes good. He often wants to see Hui. There is big tea to give to each other in the mountains, and he can pray for his son to have a sacrifice and beg for another day.
Taoist propaganda raised the status of tea.
(B) Buddhism and tea
Note in the biography of Jin Shu Yi: "People in Dunhuang also ... drink tea and sue in summer, only one or two liters." He became a monk in Put Lolerk, then went to Horinji in Yecheng (now Anyang, Henan Province) and Zhaode Temple in Linzhang County, then led his disciples to cross the river to Jianye in Jinducheng (now Nanjing), and then to all parts of the South China Sea, and finally died. Drink tea, but sleep, so as to meditate. Monks in the Jin Dynasty believed in the record of "Jiemen Self-Mirror": "I am light-footed, ridiculous, and I don't worry about cold and summer, and I don't worry about food. I use my servant for water and tea. " During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, I analyzed metaphysical arguments and talked about style. Buddhism was first introduced and attached to metaphysics. Buddhists pursue Mu Fengchen and make tea and tea leaves.
"Continued Monk Record": "Fa Yao in Song Dynasty, surnamed Yang, Hedong people ... he hung up the car, ate and drank tea." Fayao is a disciple of Hui Yuan, a famous monk in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and a famous teacher of Nirvana. Fayao likes drinking tea, and drinks tea every meal.
Song Lu: "Prince Luan of Xin 'an, Prince yu zhang, the younger brother of Luan, is still trying to find out that Taoist Ji is in Bagong Mountain. Taoist Ji set tea, and the son still said,' This sweet dew is also. "Tanji became a monk at the age of thirteen and worshipped Kumarajiva's disciple and monk as his teacher. He came from Guanzhong to Shouchun (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province) and founded the Southern School named Shouchun School.
Buddhists practice with tea money, and they are the first to open their minds, believe in faith and blindly practice tea meditation.
Ke lai Jing cha
Wang Bao's "preparing tea" in the "Three Chapters of the Constitution" is to stipulate that tea should be made with respect for guests after visiting at home.
He Fasheng, a poet in the Southern Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, wrote in the book "Promoting Books in Jinzhong": "When he was a satrap, General Wei Xie 'an always wanted to be satisfied with it. When ... security arrived, it was just tea and fruit." Lu Na entertained his guests with tea and fruit.
Liu Yiqing, a poet of the Southern Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, wrote in "A New Interpretation of World Languages": "Ren Yuchang was very famous when he was young ... When he was sitting at the table drinking, he asked people,' Is this tea, tea?' After the guests sat down, they began to serve tea. The same book also records: "Wang Meng, the long history of Situ in Jin Dynasty, likes drinking tea, and all the scholars suffer from it. Every time he waits, there will be water today. " Wang Meng's "people drink at will" is the embodiment of his hospitality.
Hong Jun quoted "Food Prohibition": "After the cold and summer, drink the tea of frosted flowers and finally have three cups of tea." Please have three cups of tea after the guests arrive.
It is not only a secular etiquette for guests to offer tea, but also for monks in Tanji.
During the Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, visiting guests and offering tea became a common custom of the Chinese nation.
Tea literature began to flourish.
During the Jin and Song Dynasties, some stories related to tea appeared in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, such as Searching for Ji Shen, Shen Yi Ji, Searching for God Postscript, Yiyuan and so on. Zuo Si's Nv Jiao, Zhang Zai's Building in Bai Cheng and Wang Wei's Miscellaneous Works are the earliest tea poems. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Bao, a female writer, created "Xiang Ming Fu".
Du Yu's "Du Fu" is only a fragmentary volume, with the following words: "Lingshan is just a Yue, a wonderful place to produce clocks. The mountain is full of grass and the valley is full of hills. It is nourished by fertile soil and moistened by rain. The moon is only early autumn, and there is little rest for farm work. It's a harvest and a desire to travel together. Water is the note of Fang Min.